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- Comments: Gated by NETNEWS@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU
- Subject: (no subject given)
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!auvm!FAC.ANU.EDU.AU!ANDALING
- Message-ID: <9208221022.AA02074@fac.anu.edu.au>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.csg-l
- Date: Sat, 22 Aug 1992 20:22:51 EST
- Sender: "Control Systems Group Network (CSGnet)" <CSG-L@UIUCVMD.BITNET>
- From: Avery Andrews <andaling@FAC.ANU.EDU.AU>
- X-To: csg-l@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu
- Lines: 69
-
- I've been thinking a bit about steering, & here's what I've come up
- with so far. The only direct and simple relationship is between
- the absolute angular position of the wheel, and the curvature of
- the car's path, but I think that people pay little, if any, attention
- to either of these factos. What probably does matter are such things as:
-
- a) the difference between where you are and where you want to be
- (transverse to the road), P*
-
- b) the rate at the car is drifting across the road, dP*.
- There may be serveral ways of picking this up (such as
- differentiating P*, or watching the motions of lines on
- the road w.r.t. the car hood, & I'm sure other things as well).
-
- c) the rotational velocity of the steering wheel.
-
- d) the angle between the orientation of the car and the tangent
- to the road.
-
- e) how far the wheel has turned since some time t0.
-
- I'll only consider (a-c), tho (d-e) seem like they might play a role
- too.
-
- Observe that on a big lane change you don't normally try to get into
- your new lane as quickly as possible, but drift transverse to the
- road at a fairly steady rate. And also, that when you get close to where
- you want to be, the drift rate needs to be smoothly decreased to zero.
- So I propose that P* is controlled by means of controlling dP*. So dP*_ref
- should be a function of P*, zero when P* is zero, small when P* is small,
- but flattening off to a constant fairly quickly under normal
- circumstances (I won't speculate about panic swerves).
-
- Then dP* itself gets controlled by controlling the perceived rate
- of motion of the steering wheel: when dP* is too big in the rightward
- direction, crank the wheel counterclockwise, & vice versa (I suspect that
- there are various ways in which the reference rate of wheel-rotation might be
- determined, and that it might even be possible to devise experiments to
- figure out which one(s) people were actuallay using). Lower-level
- systems take care of summoning up enough torque to get the wheel to
- rotate at the right speed (and producing the hand-over-hand motion needed
- to effect a large total rotation).
-
- Hence there is a three-level hierarchy of controlled perceptions: relative
- position, rate-of-change of position, and rate-of-rotation of the steering
- wheel. And of course there'd be some more levels involved in producing
- the wheel movements. Monitoring the rate of change of (transverse) position
- makes it unnecessary to do the otherwise complex calculations that would be
- needed to figure out how fast to turn the steering wheel when, and monitoring
- the rate of rotation of the steering while makes it unnecessary to predict
- how much force needs to be applied to the wheel to get the required curvature
- of the path.
-
- A further elaboration: it seems plausible that drivers also assess the
- curvature of the upcoming road, and anticipate how much turning of the
- steering wheel will be needed to keep the car on course (it ought
- to be possible to do a video-game experiment to see whether they
- actually do this). So there could be an anticipator circuit
- assessing the appearance of the road ahead, and producing
- reference levels for rate of wheel-turning. The higher-level feedback
- loop can then add an additional term to correct for the anticipator's errors.
- Having control for a rate-of-turn of the steering wheel means that this
- anticipator can be a lot simpler than it would otherwise have to be,
- since it doesn't have to guess how much force ought to be applied to
- the wheel (though there could be anticipators contributing the force
- reference levels, they wouldn't have to be very precise).
-
- Avery.Andrews@anu.edu.au
- ,
-