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- ------------------------------
-
- 24-Aug-95 NOTE: Trying to upgrade to ELF Slackware from a.out Slackware will
- undoubtably cause you all kinds of problems. Don't do it.
-
- ------------------------------
-
- 14-Sep-94 NOTE: In my opinion, upgrading through this method is probably
- more trouble than it's worth. For instance, several commonly reported bugs
- are caused by improper upgrading -- mixing disks from different versions of
- the distribution and/or failing to remove old packages first. I think we
- need to face the fact that things haven't quite settled down yet, and that
- until then it's not always possible to foresee differences in filesystem
- structure, daemons, utilities, etc, that can lead to problems with the
- system.
-
- The *correct* and best way to upgrade to a new distribution version is to
- back up everything you want saved and then reinstall from scratch. This is
- especially true for the A and N series disks. If you do upgrade packages from
- one of those disk sets, you should seriously consider which packages from the
- other one might be related somehow and install those too. Again, it can be
- tricky to know just which packages *are* related given the overall complexity
- of the Linux system. That's why unless you really know what you're doing there
- is a substantial risk of screwing up a system while attempting to upgrade it.
-
- Just a fair warning. :^)
-
- -- Pat
-
- ------------------
-
- One of the most commonly asked questions about Slackware (especially after any
- major release) is: How do I upgrade my system?
-
- Until recently, it seemed there were two routes you could go. You could
- back up everything you wanted to save, and then reinstall from scratch. As
- anyone who's done this can attest, it's a tedious process and there's
- almost always a couple important files that don't get backed up. The other
- option was to install the new packages over the old system. This works, but
- any old files that aren't overwritten by new ones will be left in your
- filesystem. This wastes space, and makes system administration difficult,
- especially when configuration files that are ignored by the new binaries
- are left behind.
-
- The new versions of 'pkgtool' (a package maintenance tool developed for the
- Slackware distribution) should provide a clean upgrade path from earlier
- versions of Slackware. Since it can now remove packages from your hard
- drive while running on a self-contained Linux filesystem loaded into a
- ramdisk, it can remove *any* files from your system, including ones that
- were difficult or impossible to remove while running on the
- harddrive. Files such as the shell, shared libraries, init, and other
- crucial system files.
-
- Here's how you'd upgrade to a newer version of Slackware from any previous
- version that supports package information files in /var/adm/packages. (If
- your system puts these files elsewhere, you might still be able to do this
- by creating a symbolic link from the package information directory to
- /var/adm/packages)
-
- 1. Back up important files, or take your chances. ;^)
-
- Odds are you'll come through ok. However, there are two important
- exceptions to this rule. The first (and most obvious) is when a package
- overwrites a file you meant to keep with a new one. The second, and
- possibly more serious situation is when the system needs to replace an
- existing file with a symbolic link. It *will* replace the file, whether
- it's a simple file, a file that's chmoded 444, or a directory filled with
- other subdirectories, each containing part of your Doctoral dissertation.
- So, be careful.
-
- 2. Make a list of the packages you plan to replace.
-
- 3. Use a bootkernel disk to boot one of the root/install disks. Log in as
- root.
-
- 4. Mount your root Linux partitions under /mnt while logged into the
- install disk. The method used here differs depending on what filesystem
- you're using for Linux. Here are some examples:
-
- How to mount an ext2fs partition:
-
- mount /dev/hda1 /mnt -t ext2
- ^^^^^^^^^
- Replace this with the name of your root partition.
-
- Similarly, if the partition was of type xiafs, you would use this command:
-
- mount /dev/hda1 /mnt -t xiafs
-
- If you're using UMSDOS (the system that allows you to install onto an
- existing MS-DOS filesystem), this is the command you would use:
-
- mount /dev/hda1 /mnt -t umsdos
-
- If you've got other partitions that are part of your Linux filesystem,
- mount them after you've mounted that root partition. The method is the
- same - for example, here's how you'd mount an ext2fs /usr partition:
-
- mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/usr -t ext2
-
- 5. Once the partition has been mounted, we need to activate swap space if
- the system has less than 8 MB of memory. (If you have 8 or more MB, you
- may go on to step 6)
-
- You may use either a swap partition or a swapfile. To get a quick listing
- of your partition information, you can always type 'fdisk -l'. Doing this
- on my machine provides the following information:
-
- Disk /dev/hda: 15 heads, 17 sectors, 1001 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 255 * 512 bytes
-
- Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/hda1 10 10 90 10327+ 1 DOS 12-bit FAT
- /dev/hda2 91 91 1000 116025 5 Extended
- /dev/hda3 * 1 1 9 1139 a OPUS
- /dev/hda5 * 91 91 1000 116016+ 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
-
- Disk /dev/hdb: 16 heads, 31 sectors, 967 cylinders
- Units = cylinders of 496 * 512 bytes
-
- Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System
- /dev/hdb1 * 1 1 921 228392+ 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
- /dev/hdb2 922 922 966 11160 82 Linux swap
-
- From this display, you can see that /dev/hdb2 has been designated as the
- Linux swap partition. If the partition has not been previously prepared
- with mkswap, here's how that would be done:
-
- mkswap /dev/hdb2 11160
-
- To activate the swap partition, you would type:
-
- swapon /dev/hdb2
-
- 6. Remove the packages! To do this, type 'pkgtool' and select the option
- remove installed packages. You'll be given a list of packages that you've
- installed - just select the list of packages that you plan to replace.
-
- If you're using one of the full-color versions of pkgtool, you select the
- packages to remove by removing up and down through the list with '+' and
- '-' and toggling packages to remove with the spacebar. Once you've toggled
- all the packages you want to remove, hit ENTER to remove them.
-
- If you're using one of the tty based versions of pkgtool, you'll have to
- type in the names of the packages you with to remove. Separate each name
- with a space. Don't worry about how long the line ends up - just keep
- typing in the names until you've entered them all, and then hit ENTER to
- remove them.
-
- That's it! Now you've cleaned up the old packages and you're ready to install
- the new ones. Type 'setup' and proceed to install the new packages as normal.
-
- Although it never hurts to play it safe and remove all packages from the
- bootdisk, almost all of them can be removed using pkgtool from your hard
- drive. The A series is the important exception here.
-
- I wish everyone good luck with this! :^)
-
-
-
- ---
- Patrick Volkerding
- volkerdi@ftp.cdrom.com
-