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- Linux Meta-FAQ
- Michael K. Johnson, johnsonm@redhat.comm
- v4.6, 20 December 1996
-
- This is the Meta-FAQ for Linux. It is mainly a list of valuable
- sources of information. Check these sources out if you want to learn
- more about Linux, or have problems and need help. Lars Wirzenius
- (wirzeniu@cc.helsinki.fi) wrote the first version of this document,
- and it is now maintained by Michael K. Johnson (johnsonm@redhat.com).
- Mail me if you have any questions about this document.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- What is Linux?
- Linux is an independent implementation of the POSIX operating
- system specification, with SYSV and BSD extensions, that has
- been written entirely from scratch (this means it looks and acts
- just like Unix). It has no proprietary code in it. Linux is
- freely distributable under the GNU Public License. It works on
- IBM PC compatibles with an ISA or EISA bus (including local bus
- variants VLB and PCI) and a 386 or higher processor.
-
- In addition, it also runs on some Amiga and Atari computers with
- MMU's. This means 68020 with an external MMU, 68030, 68040, or
- 68060. See the /pub/linux/680x0 directory at tsx-11.mit.edu.
-
- Support for the Digital Alpha is now stable. Red Hat and
- Craftworks have Alpha distributions of Linux.
-
- Support for Sparc is stable, and Red Hat Linux is available for
- Sparc.
-
- Support for PowerPC is in development for multiple platforms,
- including Nubus and PCI Macintosh, Motorola Powerstack, IBM 830
- and 850, and other platforms.
-
- Support for ARM and MIPS is in various stages of completion, but
- don't hold your breath. Read comp.os.linux.announce instead.
-
- See the FAQ for more exact hardware requirements. The Linux
- kernel is written by Linus Torvalds
- (Linus.Torvalds@.Helsinki.FI) from Finland, and by other
- volunteers. Most of the programs running under Linux are
- generic Unix freeware, many of them from the GNU project.
-
- The Linux FAQ
- A collection of common problems and their solutions. Answers
- many questions faster than the net. Stored on many Linux ftp
- sites (including /pub/linux/docs on tsx-11.mit.edu) and
- rtfm.mit.edu, the general archive site for all FAQs.
-
- The Linux HOWTO's
- These are somewhat like FAQ's, but instead of answering common
- questions, they explain how to do common tasks, like ordering a
- release of Linux, setting up print services under Linux, setting
- up a basic UUCP feed, etc. See sunsite.unc.edu, directory
- /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/ for the definitive versions of all the
- HOWTO's. Other sites with up-to-date copies of the HOWTOs are
- ftp.cc.gatech.edu and tsx-11.mit.edu.
-
- In addition, there are many short, free-form documents called
- "mini-HOWTOs". These documents cover very specific subjects,
- such as BogoMIPS or Color-ls. These are available in the
- directory /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/
-
- Linux newsgroups
- There are several Usenet newsgroups for Linux. It is a good
- idea to follow at least comp.os.linux.announce if you use Linux.
- Comp.os.linux.announce is moderated by Lars Wirzenius. To make
- submissions to the newsgroup, send mail to linux-
- announce@news.ornl.gov. You may direct questions about
- comp.os.linux.announce to Lars Wirzenius,
- wirzeniu@kruuna.helsinki.fi
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce is a moderated newsgroup
- for announcements about Linux (new programs, bug fixes, etc).
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.answers is a moderated newsgroup to
- which the Linux FAQ, HOWTO documents, and other documentation
- postings are made.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.setup is an unmoderated newsgroup
- for discussion of issues and problems involved in setting up
- Linux systems.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.admin is an unmoderated newsgroup
- for discussion of administration of Linux systems.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.system is an unmoderated
- newsgroup specifically for discussion of Linux kernel
- development. The only application development questions that
- should be discussed here are those that are intimately
- associated with the kernel. All other development questions are
- probably generic Unix development questions and should be
- directed to a comp.unix group instead, unless they are very
- Linux-specific applications questions, in which case they should
- be directed at comp.os.linux.development.apps.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.apps is an unmoderated
- newsgroup specifically for discussion of Linux-related
- applications development. It is not for discussion of where to
- get applications for Linux, nor a discussion forum for those who
- would like to see applications for Linux.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.hardware is for Linux-specific
- hardware questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.networking is for Linux-specific
- networking development and setup questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.x is for Linux-specific X Windows
- questions.
-
- The newsgroup comp.os.linux.misc is an unmoderated newsgroup for
- any Linux discussion that doesn't belong anywhere else.
-
- In general, do not crosspost between the Linux newsgroups. The
- only crossposting that is appropriate is an occasional posting
- between one unmoderated group and comp.os.linux.announce. The
- whole point of splitting comp.os.linux into many groups is to
- reduce traffic in each. Those that do not follow this rule will
- be flamed without mercy...
-
- Other newsgroups
- Do not assume that all your questions are appropriate for a
- Linux newsgroup just because you are running Linux. Is your
- question really about shell programming under any unix or unix
- clone? Then ask in comp.unix.shell. Is it about GNU Emacs?
- Then try asking in gnu.emacs.help. Also, if you don't know
- another group to ask in, but think there might be, politely ask
- in your post if there is another group that would be more
- appropriate for your question. At least the groups
- comp.unix.{questions,shell,programming,bsd,admin}, and
- comp.windows.x.i386unix should be useful for a Linux user.
-
- The World-Wide Web
- Greg Hankins, gregh@cc.gatech.edu, maintains the home WWW page
- for the Linux project. The URL is
- http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/linux.html
-
- Linux Journal
- A magazine called Linux Journal was launched several years ago.
- It includes articles intended for almost all skill levels, and
- is intended to be helpful to all Linux users. Subscriptions are
- $22 in the U.S., $27 in Canada and Mexico, and $32 elsewhere
- around the world, all payable in U.S. funds. Subscription
- inquiries can be sent via email to subs@ssc.com or faxed to
- (U.S.) 1-206-782-7191 or mailed to Linux Journal, PO Box 85867,
- Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA. SSC has a PGP public key if you
- wish to send your credit card number via encrypted email: finger
- info@ssc.com
-
- The Maps
- Information on free software available for Linux can be found in
- the Linux Software Map, which can be found on sunsite.unc.edu in
- /pub/Linux/docs/LSM.gz
-
- Information on non-commercial projects can be found in the
- Projects Map, which is posted occasionally to
- comp.os.linux.announce and is stored at sunsite.unc.edu in
- /pub/Linux/docs/Projects-Map/Projects-Map.gz.
-
- Information on commercial products can be found in the Linux
- Commercial Products Map, which is posted occasionally to
- comp.os.linux.announce
-
- 2. Getting Linux
-
- 3. Linux FTP sites
-
- A more complete list of Linux FTP sites is in the Linux INFO-SHEET,
- which can always be found at tsx-11.mit.edu in the directory
- /pub/linux/docs/. A DVI version is in INFO-SHEET.dvi, and a
- PostScript version is in INFO-SHEET.ps. The most important sites are
- listed here; please see the INFO-SHEET for a site nearer to you (there
- are many mirrors).
-
- textual name numeric addr Linux directory
- ======================= ============== ===============
- tsx-11.mit.edu 18.86.0.44 /pub/linux
- sunsite.unc.edu 152.2.22.81 /pub/Linux
- ftp.funet.fi 128.214.248.6 /pub/Linux
-
- These sites are the main ``home'' sites for Linux where most uploads
- take place. There are many mirror sites; please use the closest
- (network-wise) site to you.
-
- 3.1. Linux on BBS's
-
- Occasionally, someone posts a list of BBS's that have Linux available
- for download. Try them if you can't FTP. This list is available by
- ftp from tsx-11.mit.edu as /pub/linux/docs/bbs.list. You may use
- ftpmail (described elsewhere in this document) to get this list if you
- have mail access, or ask a friend with internet access to get it for
- you.
-
- 3.2. Linux on physical media
-
- Linux is distributed on physical media, mainly CD-ROM, by several
- commercial vendors. Please read the distribution HOWTO, posted
- regularily to comp.os.linux.announce, and available for ftp at
- sunsite.unc.edu as /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/distribution-HOWTO.
-
- 3.3. AFS
-
- Linux is available over AFS by mounting the volume project.linux from
- sipb.mit.edu
-
- 3.4. Commercial networks
-
- GEnie mirrors most of tsx-11.mit.edu and sunsite.unc.edu. Compu$erve
- also has some Linux archives.
-
- 3.5. Mailservers and such
-
- Sunsite offers ftp-mail service --- mail ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu.
-
- 4. Linux distributions
-
- Linux is distributed by its author only as a kernel. Other people
- have put together ``distributions'' that can be used. These
- distributions pair the kernel as released by the author with software,
- to make a complete working package. Most releases include application
- programs as well as system software, providing ``one stop shopping''
- for Linux.
-
- There are several distributions of Linux, which are available at
- various sites. Sunsite mirrors almost all the distributions in
- /pub/Linux/distributions. The most commonly-recommended freely-
- available distributions are Red Hat, Debian, and Slackware. These are
- all available for free over the internet, and are also sold on
- floppies and CD-ROM's.
-
- There are other distributions of Linux as well. Most commercial
- distributors of Linux advertise in Linux Journal as well.
-
- 5. Linux mailing-lists
-
- Used mostly for discussion between developers of new features and
- testers of pre-release versions. See addresses in the FAQ. Send mail
- to majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu with the single word help in the body of
- the message , and you will get mail explaining how to subscribe to the
- many Linux mailing lists there. Save this mail, as it tells you how
- to unsubscribe from the lists, and if you post annoying messages to
- the list complaining about not being able to get off the list (because
- you didn't follow instructions and save the mail telling you how to
- unsubscribe), you will likely be flamed for wasting international
- bandwidth and money.
-
- 6. Documentation for various programs
-
- Many programs come with some sort of documentation, often in a file
- called README or something similar. It is a VERY good idea to read
- them with care. It is boring to see (and answer) questions that are
- answered in the documentation.
-
- 7. More Documentation
-
- The Linux Documentation Project is working on a lot of documentation.
- Already, over 1600 pages of book-style documentation has been released
- to the general public, and a large set of man pages has also been
- released, with more to follow. Check
- sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/LDP for documents written by the LDP.
- The LDP also provides the HOWTO's, described above.
-
- 8. Keeping track of current releases
-
- Important new releases, programs, and ports are usually announced in
- comp.os.linux.announce. finger torvalds@klaava.helsinki.fi or finger
- @linux.cs.helsinki.fi to get some information about the current
- kernel.
-
- 9. This Document
-
- The latest version of this document should always be available from
- <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/linux.html>
-
- 10. Legalese
-
- Trademarks are owned by their owners. Satisfaction not guaranteed.
- No warranties about this document. Void where prohibited.
-
- The content of this document is placed in the public domain, but if
- you quote it, please be polite and attribute your source.
-
-