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============================================================================= --------- DATA (as in single @, databegin and so on) can have imbedded "-" characters so you can have negative numbers or filenames with a "-". This does not mean you can have a filename with a "-" outside of a data statement without quotes, so: pload pic-view,1 will still screw up, unless you use: pload "pic-view",1 BUT! data pic-view pload @,1 will now work. --------- GETMOUSE: New command GETMOUSE, is similar to GETKEY. The syntax is: GETMOUSE VAR1 VAR2 VAR3 The first value is button status, second and third are mouse coordinates. The following example draws lines with the mouse when a button is pressed: video a color 3 mouse on lp: getmouse but msx msy if @but dlp: set ox @msx oy @msy getmouse but msx msy if @but line @ox @oy @msx @msy goto dlp endif endif goto lp GETMOUSE when no driver installed will not change/setup variable values. GETMOUSE with last click/release option will return a zero for button status if their were no clicks/releases since last check. --------- IFMOUSE when used with reverse box option and a color of 0, will no longer pause from drawing a XOR box of color 0 (which does nothing). ============================================================================= Page 6 ============================================================================= --------- Some new commands/variations on old commands: mouse window x1 y1 x2 y2 ;restrict mouse movement window getmouse but x y ;get current mouse position getmouse but x y 0 ;get last mouse release button pos getmouse but x y 1 ;get last mouse press button pos --------- A new option for MOUSE command sets the current mouse cursor position: MOUSE POSITION X Y Another new option for mouse command is mouse sense which lets you set the mouse sensitivity and velocity just like in PICTOR. It's syntax is: MOUSE SENSE ;reset to sens 1, velo 5 (default) MOUSE SENSE sens ;set sens only (velo will be set to 5) MOUSE SENSE sens velo ;set sens and velo The MOUSE CURSOR command will now accept clipping buffer numbers as well as filenames. --------- MOUSE WINDOW with no parms will reset the mouse window to the current WINDOW setting, which is the same as: MOUSE WINDOW @MINX @MINY @MAXX @MAXY This is to make MOUSE WINDOW syntax consistent with WINDOW syntax. --------- GETCOLOR now supports an optional variable name. If the variable name is specified the drawing color will remain unchanged and the variable will contain the color at that coordinate. --------- The GETKEY command will now handle Function and ALT keys via 2 character strings with the second character being chr(1), so a check for ALT-M would be: getkey k if @k==chr(50)$chr(1) text "you hit ALT-M" endif or you might prefer: getkey k if peekw(adr(@k))==(50|256) text "you hit ALT-M" endif ============================================================================= Page 7 ============================================================================= A major addition to the getkey command now gives it the option of getting a key not by character, but name, so the following would be valid: getkey key name if @key==home text "you hit the Home key" else if @key==ctrl-f1 text "you hit the f1 key" endif endif The parm which controls whether the variable will be a ascii value, or a key name is the second parm on the getkey command. You need to use the word "name". --------- Glib: There's a new command option in Glib called Move (/M). Like Update (/U), it inserts the named files into the library file. Unlike Update, it also deletes the files from the directory. For example, the command GLIB /M MYAPP *.* would copy all files in the current directory into MYAPP.GL, then delete them, leaving only MYAPP.GL. Be careful that you have a backup of files in another directory. --------- The new command LOAD is used to load .GRP files, and assorted data files such as sound. The following two commands are the same: local grasp readfile(c:\grasp\sound.grp) and load c:\grasp\sound The LOAD command will only create a new variable if there is no global variable of the same name. This is so you can load sound data, and routines within a subroutine by making your variables global before using LOAD. --------- A new feature for CALL, LINK and MERGE. They will all accept an address of a block of text in place of a filename. Example: if !def(myfuncs) global myfuncs 0 load myfuncs.txt endif merge @myfuncs link fun fun.txt: merge @myfuncs ============================================================================= Page 8 ============================================================================= --------- SETUPSCR in mode S on PARADISE based cards has been disabled. This allows the sequence: VIDEO S SETUPSCR 1024 480 WINDOW 0 0 639 479 to work on virtually all SVGAs. Previously, it was not necessary to use the SETUPSCR command when developing for a PARADISE system. This was a problem if the program was going to be run on any other video system which would require the SETUPSCR command. --------- WHEN command: A WHEN command that calls a subroutine has to use the word GOSUB before the subroutine's name. This is the only instance where using a subroutine's name alone will not work. ============================================================================= Page 9 ============================================================================= Section 2: Variables and Functions ---------------------------------- list of functions: ------------------ abs(), adr(), append(), asc(), chr(), close(), create(), dec(), def(), eval(), faralloc(), farfree(), farrealloc(), hex(), in(), left(), len(), mid(), ofs(), open(), pad(), peek(), peekl(), peekw(), random(), read(), readfile(), right(), seek(), seekgl(), seg(), size(), sqrt(), string(), width(), widths(), write() list of global readable variables: ---------------------------------- cliptext, color, drawpage, elapsed, fontxsize, fontysize, gap, glfs maxx, maxy, memfree, memused, minx, miny, mouse, runtime, sgap, sptr, textx, texty, txtbuf, txtlen, vgap, viewpage, vmode, wrap, xoff, yoff list of global SETable variables/options: ----------------------------------------- esc, space, retrace, monospace, xor, quicktext, debug, cgetshift center, left, right, abort, msvert, wrap, cliptext, nocli, cgetshift, maxcall ============================================================================= FUNCTIONS: --------- String function: The function STRING(LENGTH,CHAR) returns a string of the specified length filled with the specified character (or filled with the first character of CHAR if it's longer than one character). For example, this command displays a line of dashes: TEXT STRING(80,"-") --------- Some new functions for expressions are eval(), pad() and dec(). Eval is just like eval macro, but much cleaner. Example: eval(18$"-(5+7)")==18-(5+7)==6 dec() is much like hex except that is has a second parameter which is the field width, so: dec(67,5)=="00067" and dec(167,1)=="167". dec() pads with zero characters. pad() pads a string with spaces, so: pad("john",10)==" john" DATIME.TXT is a small example of DEC() and PAD() which displays date and time by calling DOS. ============================================================================= Page 10 ============================================================================= --------- Another new function is WIDTH(), it returns the width in pixels of a string in the current font. Example: video m under 40 50 "Hi there" waitkey exit under: text @1+1 @2+1 @3 line @1 @2 @1+width(@3) @2 return --------- New operator is ->. It's called arrow and it lets you get information on a picture or clipping buffer. Valid values for the right hand side of the -> are: xsize ;width of a picture/clipping ysize ;height of a picture/clipping xoff ;X position on screen stored as part of image yoff ;Y position on screen stored as part of image Example: video m cent image waitkey exit cent: cload @1,1 putup ((@maxx-@minx)-c1->xsize)/2+@minx$" ",((@maxy-@miny)-c1->ysize)/2+@miny,1 cfree 1 return the $" " stuff is how to continue a very long line. --------- A new math function ABS() gives absolute value. As an example, this distx function will return the distance in pixels between two X coordinates: distx: return 1+abs(@1-@2) Another new math function SQRT() gives the square root of a number (integer result). ; ; DISTANCE X1 Y1 X2 Y2 ; distance: local x 1+abs(@1-@3) local y 1+abs(@2-@4) return sqrt(@x*@x+@y*@y) ============================================================================= Page 11 ============================================================================= --------- Function seekgl(fname), will return the size of a file within the .GL which is currently open and seek to the beginning of that file. It will return 0 if the file was not found. --------- An example which uses wrap off, @glfs and seekgl: set wrap off ;keep original formatting opengl fontbug ;open fontbuf.gl set ln seekgl(testfast.txt)-1 ;get length of testfast.txt readstr @ln ;read whole text file into string text @0 ;display testfast.txt waitkey exit readstr: local buf ofs(string(@1," ")) ;setup dummy buffer to read into int 0x21 0x3F00,@glfs,@1,@buf,,,seg(@buf) ;call dos to read data return @((seg(@buf)<<16)+@buf) ;return actual data --------- Math function RANDOM() gives random number between two numbers. text random(1,6)$"-"$random(1,6) --------- A pile of new built in functions have been added, most of them duplicating functions found in DOSIO.TXT which is no longer needed. --------- Two critical functions added are FARALLOC which allocates a memory buffer and returns a 32 bit pointer to that buffer. Also, FARFREE which frees up the space that buffer takes up. That space will automatically be freed up when your program exits, but it's best to not make lots of buffers and not free them up. An example using new functions is: set wrap off ;keep original formatting opengl fontbug ;open fontbuf.gl set ln seekgl(testfast.txt)-1 ;get length of testfast.txt readstr @ln ;read whole text file into string text @@0 ;display testfast.txt . farfree(@0) waitkey exit readstr: local buf faralloc(@1+1) ;setup buffer to read into . read(@glfs,@buf,@1) ;read data from gl file return @buf ;return address of actual data ============================================================================= Page 12 ============================================================================= --------- Other new functions are: fs=open(fname) ;open a file for reading fs=create(fname) ;create a new file for writing fs=append(fname) ;open a file for reading/writing len=size(fs) ;get length of file pos=seek(fs,pos,rel) ;seek to a position within file len=read(fs,adr,len) ;read a block of data with 32 bit ;address len=read(fs,seg,ofs,len) ; with seg/ofs len=write(fs,adr,len) ;write a block of data with 32 bit ;address len=write(fs,seg,ofs,len) ; with seg/ofs err=close(fs) ;close an open file buf=faralloc(size) ;allocate a block of memory err=farfree(buf) ;free a block of memory The period alone can be used to execute functions without doing anything with their return value. An example is the ". read(" in the given example. --------- New Function READFILE() allows you to pass it a filename and it reads it from the currently open GL or currect directory. It returns a 0 if the file was not found, otherwise it returns the 32 bit address just like FARALLOC(), which can be free'd up with FARFREE(). Additionally, if you use a number for a command which exceeds 256, the number will be treated as an address that will be called. Some example code which uses this feature: set lower readfile(lower.grp) set upper readfile(upper.grp) @lower "Hello There" set str @@0 text @str ;prints hello there @upper @str text @@0 ;prints HELLO THERE . farfree(@lower) . farfree(@upper) --------- New function DEF(var) returns a 1 if a variable is defined, and a 0 if not. Example: if !def(john) set john 50 endif ============================================================================= Page 13 ============================================================================= --------- New function farrealloc() to be used in conjunction with faralloc() and farfree(). Farrealloc() is used to change the size of an allocated block of memory. An example would be a buffer full of PCM sound which you would like to add a digital echo. In order for the echo to continue after the normal end of the sound, you would need to extend the length of your sound buffer to accomadate the extra data at the end. Farrealloc has the side effect of "compacting" memory, even if you resize a block of memory to the same size it was already allocated. In fact, if you give a new size of 0, GRASP will default to the same size the block has already been allocated. Example: pload john 1 set buf readfile(david.snd) pfade 0 1 pfree 1 set buf farrealloc(@buf,0) play @buf . farfree(@buf) --------- Also added are DELETE() and MOVEMEM. DELETE() is a new function which deletes a file and returns a zero if the delete succeeded. MOVEMEM is a new command containing 3 parameters; source address, destination address and number of bytes to move. Some example code to save a picture buffer to a allocated buffer (pretty useless, but it's an example of what could be done). With a bit more work this could be made to save to EMS. ... savebuf p1 set save @0 ... restbuf p1 @save ... exit savebuf: local buf faralloc(@1->size+4) ;allocate buffer pokew @buf @1->xsize ;save xsize pokew @buf+2 @1->ysize ;save ysize movemem @1->adr @buf+4 @1->size ;save image data pfree @1 ;free up picture buffer return @buf restbuf: pnewbuf @1 peek(@2) peek(@2+2) movemem @2+4 @1->adr @1->size . farfree(@2) return ============================================================================= Page 14 ============================================================================= same code except it saves to disk: ---------------------------------- ... savebuf p1 tmpfile.tmp ... restbuf p1 tmpfile.tmp ... exit savebuf: local fs create(@2) ;create temp file . write(@fs,adr(@1->xsize),2) ;write ysize to file . write(@fs,adr(@1->ysize),2) ;write ysize to file . write(@fs,@1->adr,@1->size) ;write image data . close(@fs) pfree @1 ;free up picture buffer return restbuf: local fs open(@2) ;open file with saved data local tmp adr("1234") ;create temp buffer to ;read x,y . read(@fs,@tmp,4) ;read in xsize and ysize pnewbuf @1 peek(@tmp) peek(@tmp+2) ;create new picture buffer . read(@fs,@1->adr,@1->size) ;read image data into ;buffer . close(@fs) . delete(@2) ;delete old file return --------- Address function: The function ADR(variable) returns a 32-bit address in hex, containing both the segment and offset. For example, ADR("myname") might return the string "0x287B3E58". In addition, the PEEK functions and POKE commands (PEEK, PEEKL, PEEKW, POKE, POKEL, POKEW) can use one 32-bit address parameter instead of two 16-bit ones. This approach, however, limits you to Poking one value rather than multiple ones. Here's an example: SET POINTER ADR("SHARY") ; put address of string "SHARY" in STRPOINTER POKE @POINTER+4 ASC("I") ; write "I" to memory at fifth byte position TEXT @@POINTER ; display "SHARY" WAITKEY --------- Exclusive OR: The caret (^) is the exclusive-OR operator. Comparison is bit-by-bit. ============================================================================= Page 15 ============================================================================= --------- New function widths(). This is a VERY specific function which is intended for those interested in writing their own text routines. It builds a table of character widths for the current font. This is only valid in graphic modes. An example of use might be: video g load height ;load height.grp @height ;pass height no parms to get address to ;store width table . widths(@0) ;use width function with address of ;array inside loaded height.grp set xs 50 set str "Hello there my name is unknown" @height @xs @str window 1+@maxx-@xs,1+@maxy-@0,@maxx,@maxy color 1 rect @minx,@miny,@maxx,@maxy color 14 text @str waitkey The data is 256 bytes of character widths, followed by 4 bytes that are gap, vgap, xsize and ysize respectively for the current font. The height.grp is a C routine which caculates the height of a string in pixels given a wrap width. This is very useful for generating a window for a block of text whose size is not hardcoded. Please do not complain about how round about the code in height.c is, I simply took the text format routine from the text command in grasp and stripped out the actual plot code to come up with a height calculation algorithm. You will find height.grp and height.c in the GRASP subdirectory. ============================================================================= VARIABLES: --------- Global variables: In addition to SET and LOCAL, the GLOBAL command can create variables, which can be used by any routine at any level. See the disk file CDCMD.TXT (in your GRASP directory) for an example. The command is used in the routine CDINIT to set the name of the CD drive. There is now support for system global variables (read only, they don't work with SET). Currently supported ones are: @minx @miny @maxx @maxy @color ============================================================================= Page 16 ============================================================================= --------- Return variable: The return variable @0, which is discussed on page 3-40, is also set when a subroutine is called. It's set equal to the subroutine's name, which makes it easy to trace program flow when debugging or reporting errors. The DOS routine DOSERR uses this feature. --------- Memory and variables: This example illustrates a peculiarity of memory addressing in GRASP. You can't use the obvious method to directly alter variables: SET X "SHARY" ; put string "SHARY" into variable X SET POINTER ADR(@X) ; put address of X into variable POINTER POKE @POINTER+4 ASC("I") ; write "I" to memory at fifth byte position TEXT @X ; still displays "SHARY" WAITKEY You have to create a variable which is the address of a string and refer to the string itself by double indirection. Here's a correct example: SET XPOINTER "SHARY" ; create pointer variable to point to "SHARY" POKE @XPOINTER+4 ASC("I"); write "I" to memory at fifth byte position TEXT @@XPOINTER ; display "SHARY" WAITKEY This limitation is imposed by GRASP's own memory management routines which are designed to maximize available memory for image buffers. --------- Direct memory reference: As illustrated in the manual, the indirection function @ looks at the contents of what follows. For example, @X refers to the contents of X instead of the string "X". However, if @ is used with a number greater than 255, GRASP will interpret it as a reference to the contents of memory at the given location and will return the string at that address up to the first null (ASCII 0) character. For example, @0x287B3E58 refers to the string at hex address 287B3E58. --------- You may now set a variable with no value. --------- Environment variables can now be referenced as regular variables, like: EXEC @COMSPEC ;exec's command.com --------- Two new global variables have been added. The first is @sptr which is the current return stack depth. Each time you do a gosub this variable is incremented. The other is @mouse, this variable is 1 if there is a mouse driver installed, otherwise it is 0. ============================================================================= Page 17 ============================================================================= --------- New global variables: @wrap ;wrap on or off @xoff ;global offset on x axis @yoff ;global offset on y axis @glfs ;filestream number (for DOS) of current open GL --------- New flag is: SET WRAP ON/OFF controls the wraping of text. If on (the default), single CR/LF pairs are ignored unless the next line begins with a space character (actually a space or control character). Off will still wrap normally EXCEPT CR/LF pairs will be treated as hard returns so tables and preformatted text will look ok. --------- A new global variable has been added, @runtime. It is TRUE if we are running under GRASPRT. --------- Global variables, @textx and @texty, are the current text pointer, where text will continue to print with the next text statement if no coordinates are given. --------- Global variables, @viewpage and @drawpage, are the current view and draw pages that have been set with setpage or revpage. --------- More new global variables: @fontxsize ;current font width @fontysize ;current font height @gap ;current gap between characters @sgap ;current width of a space character @vgap ;current vertical gap size (between lines) @vmode ;current video mode letter --------- New variable @elapsed is the number of 1000ths of a second that have elapsed since the last TIMER command. --------- Timer overflow variable (for low level routines that reprogram the PC's timer interrupt) has been added. It's at offset 0 in SEG("") (GRASP's variable/text segment). --------- New global variable is CLIPTEXT, it can be either SET CLIPTEXT or read @CLIPTEXT. If set to ON, then text will not wrap at window boundries, instead it will be clipped. --------- Four new global read-only variables, @memfree, @memused, @txtbuf and @txtlen. @txtbuf is the address of our current GRASP program in memory (which will move around, so be careful). @txtlen is the length of the current text buffer (GRASP program). @memfree is the current number of bytes free (available for loading pictures, fonts and so on), @memused is the number of bytes GRASP has currently used, just like the USED: display in the editor. ============================================================================= Page 18 ============================================================================= Section 3: General Information ------------------------------ --------- CAP now supports 1024x768x256 modes --------- Any POINT type commands (like LINE or slow TEXT) will now work in bitplane modes when done after a TEXT with QUICKTEXT turned on. --------- SET DEBUG ON: This actually displays a status line at the bottom of the screen. When you hit ESC while DEBUG is on you are put at that line in the editor (like when you get an error). --------- There is a new command line option for GRASP, GRASPC and GRASPRT. It's -d (or /d) which stands for debug and it will force GRASP to run in batch mode with all error messages written to stderr (standard error). This option is mainly for folks who use editors like Brief to edit their GRASP files and want Brief to "know" about errors when you run your text files. --------- New option SET NOCLI ON is added which disables the few remaining lines of code that would normally run with interrupts turned off. This option is not advised except for those with VERY critical background routines running on slower machines! --------- New SET option, SET CLEARKEY ON/OFF defaults to ON. This option controls whether GRASP allows type ahead. Normally GRASP will throw away extra key presses, this can now be disabled with SET CLEARKEY OFF. This is most useful for text input routines. --------- Sigma Legend VGA is now supported. --------- Keyboard routines are speeded up to eliminate long delays from poorly written BIOS's (big problem for background sound routines). This will cause problems with some old keyboard enhancement programs like Repeat Performance (where the repeat will no longer work). ============================================================================= Page 19 ============================================================================= --------- Quotes: A long standing problem with strings and filenames that are not enclosed in quotes and yet have a minus character in them just as: ifkey ctrl-a done pload my-pic is partially resolved, GRASP will now take a minus sign as part of a string if the minus is followed by a letter, so ALT-F1 will work, but Alt-1 will not. This is because @alt-1 is a valid expression (the variable alt minus one), and @alt-f1 would give the value of a variable called "alt-f1". Please don't use variable names with minus symbols in them. Use underlines instead since the minus characters can make reading an expression very hard. This kludge is mainly to help out users of GRASP 3.1 and remove the general annoyance of having to use quotes all the time. --------- New SET option MAXCALL will force the CALL statement to use FAR memory (same memory as used for pictures, fonts, clippings, DFF's and so on) to swap the current text file. This allows you to nest many large text files with CALL statments and not run out of memory. --------- All help is rewritten from scratch (sorry to all those folks who were using their own help screens). The help is still in GRHELP.OVR, but it is in 4 script files: EDIT.TXT --- editor help COMMAND.TXT --- command and function help FADE.TXT --- fade and mode help PAGED.TXT --- code for paged display of help USERA.TXT --- user defined help/code ALT-F3 key USERB.TXT --- user defined help/code ALT-F4 key ... USERF.TXT --- user defined help/code ALT-F8 key The text files are all standard GRASP scripts and can do almost anything that a standard script can do (The possibilites are pretty neat!). Since this feature has so much more powerful than simple text screens, 5 more user defined "help keys" ALT-F3 to ALT-F8 have been put in. The screen is automatically restored upon exit from the script. Look at PAGED.TXT for example. --------- The ALT-F2 screen has been enhanced to include DFF, FLI, TXT and GRP. It also checks the first command on the current line for the default file type. The number of lines of filenames displayed is doubled to 8 (as well as in the normal load screen off the menu). PGUP and PGDN keys are now available in ALT-F2 screen. --------- PCX files are now saved at a origin of 0,0 instead of 1,1. Some programs had problems with a non 0,0 origin. ============================================================================= Page 20 ============================================================================= --------- New feature, if you use a number for a command which exceeds 256, the number will be treated as an address that will be called. Some example code which uses this feature: set lower readfile(lower.grp) set upper readfile(upper.grp) @lower "Hello There" set str @@0 text @str ;prints hello there @upper @str text @@0 ;prints HELLO THERE . farfree(@lower) . farfree(@upper) The code for lower.grp in C: ---------------------------- unsigned _acrtused; /* Dummy variable required by linker */ #define code _based(_segname("_CODE")) unsigned char code buf[256]=""; /* Buffer to build result in */ /* Called function has standard C Parameters passed to it */ unsigned long far main(argc,argv) int argc; char **argv; { unsigned char far *dpt; register unsigned char *spt; dpt=buf; while(--argc) { spt=*++argv; while(*spt) { if(*spt>'A' && *spt<='Z') /* Is it Upper case? */ *spt+=32; *dpt++=*spt++; /* Copy char into buf */ } } *dpt++=0; /* Put the trailing Zero for end of string */ /* Return far pointer to buf */ return (unsigned long)((unsigned char far *)buf); } The MAKEGRP Batch file to compile .GRP files is as follows: c:\msc\bin\cl -AS -nologo -Oacgs -Gs -Zl -Zp -FPa -Zi -c %1.c link %1; exe2com %1.exe %1.grp del %1.exe Also EXE2COM is a public domain program written by Chris Dunford, it is available on Compuserve as EXECOM.ARC. This is required if you don't have EXE2BIN which IBM/Microsoft no longer ship. ============================================================================= Page 21 ============================================================================= --------- LINE2.C, LINE2.GRP and LINE2.TXT are example routines. LINE2.C is a example routine which draws a two dot wide line in 320x200 256 color mode. LINE2.TXT has a simple example of calling LINE2.GRP. --------- Digitzed Sound: The syntax of the SOUND.GRP options FIND and USE had to be changed, they no longer use the word "soundblaster", but rather "blaster", this is because the soundblaster specific data will in the near future be kept in a seperate file and the word "soundblaster" has too many letters for a filename. In future the: @sound find blaster command will look for a file called blaster.dev which will be loaded, the .dev file will have the search/detect code, as well as the setup/init code and actual DAC port information. The 4.0 manual says: @sound find soundblaster @sound port @0 @sound use soundblaster but that will have to read: @sound find blaster @sound port @0 @sound use blaster The "@sound find" and "@sound port" functions will work with the following code: load sound @sound find blaster if @0 @sound port @0 @sound use blaster endif Also a new feature has been added to sound.grp. It's a speed option, where you can adjust the playback speed. @sound speed 90 ;play back at only 90% of original speed There is a new sound example file called PLAYSND.GL (which is called by PLAYSND.BAT). To use try: PLAYSND GINMILL --------- Automatic oversampling rate in SOUND.GRP. If you specify a oversampling rate of 0, a correct oversampling rate will be automatically selected. ============================================================================= Page 22 ============================================================================= --------- Editing Keys: When editing programs in the GRASP editor, the following Wordstar key combinations can be used in addition to the keys listed on page 6-8 of the manual. Ctrl-F Next word Ctrl-A Previous word Ctrl-R Page up Ctrl-C Page down Ctrl-D Next character Ctrl-S Previous character Ctrl-X Next line Ctrl-E Previous line Ctrl-W Scroll down one line Ctrl-Z Scroll up one line Ctrl-Q C Go to end of file Ctrl-Q R Go to beginning of file Ctrl-Q D Go to end of line Ctrl-Q S Go to beginning of line Ctrl-Q B Go to start of block Ctrl-Q K Go to end of block Ctrl-K B Mark start of block Ctrl-K K Mark end of block Ctrl-K C Copy block Ctrl-K V Move block Ctrl-K R Read in a file Ctrl-K W Write block to disk Ctrl-K Y Delete block Ctrl-K H Turn off block Ctrl-K D Save changes & exit Ctrl-K Q Abandon changes & exit Ctrl-K S Save file & continue Ctrl-K X Exit to main menu Ctrl-N Insert new line Ctrl-Y Delete line Ctrl-G Delete character Ctrl-Q Y Delete to end of line Ctrl-P Insert next character Ctrl-V Toggle insert on and off typed, even if it's a control character. --------- W option in editor search/replace is in, it will force a search/replace to only find a match when the search string is found as a word, so if you search for the word "go" it will not match "going" but will match "@go-10". Words are defined as not surrounded by letters, so "feb" will match "11feb91" but not "february". --------- ^QA and ^QF search/replace and search are available, options are N for non-stop (search/replace until there are no more), U for ignore Uppercase (match either upper or lower), B for backwards search, and G for global (start from beginning of file (or end if backwards is set)). Also a repetition count can be specified, this is the number of times to replace or find a certain string. Spaces or commas are not required to seperate options so 100gu or bg or nu are all valid (case is also ignored, so UG is the same as ug). All options except G remain in effect when using ^L (repeat search/replace or search). --------- New command line option /T, when turned on will write a list of all opened files (and files loaded from a GL) to the file TRACK.LST. --------- New sound utility called NEWRATE added, it lets you convert a sound file to a higher OR lower sampling rate. --------- You may add the tutor to a hotkey from the editor or run it as a standalone program. --------- Split only works on EGA cards. --- end of file ---