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************************************************************************
    MICROSOFT(R) SQL SERVER(TM) SPECIAL INFORMATION
************************************************************************
This file contains information pertaining to the installation and use of
Microsoft(R) SQL Server. The information contained
in this file is intended to supplement the manuals included in your
SQL Server package.
************************************************************************

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using SQL Server 4.21A with Windows NT(TM) Server Version 3.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

*****What's Changed in Microsoft SQL Server Version 4.21A*****

With this release, some SQL Server components have
been updated for better compatibility with the Windows NT
Server version 3.5 operating system.

Beginning with this release, Microsoft SQL Server version
4.21A is available in two package configurations: Microsoft
SQL Server and Microsoft SQL Server Workstation System.
Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Server users are now licensed
separately from one another. You must acquire separate user
licenses for each user who wants to access SQL Server; an
administrative-use license to install and configure SQL
Server is included. For Microsoft SQL Server Workstation
System, no separate user license is needed.

Also provided with this release are some additional
diskettes (this additional software is not provided on
the Microsoft SQL Server CD-ROM):

-  Supplemental Services. For Intel(R)-, MIPS(R)-, and Alpha
   AXP(TM)-based computers, this disk provides Net-Libraries
   for DECnet(TM) sockets and for AppleTalk(R) (ADSP).
   The DECnet sockets Net-Libraries allow VMS(TM) clients
   using DECnet to access SQL Server, and the AppleTalk
   Net-Libraries allow Apple(R) Macintosh(R)-based clients
   to connect to SQL Server via AppleTalk. For more
   information, see the README.TXT file included on the disk.

-  ODBC 2.0. This disk provides ODBC client computer support
   only for Intel-based computers. It includes the Open Database
   Connectivity (ODBC) Driver Manager, SQL Server ODBC client
   drivers for Win32(R) and Win16, and online Help.

   To install ODBC drivers on Microsoft Windows(TM) version
   3.1 clients, use either File Manager or Program Manager
   to run Setup from the root directory of the ODBC 2.0 disk.
   This installs the Win16 driver, plus a special 32-bit
   version of the ODBC Driver Manager that allows Win32S
   applications to access the 16-bit driver. To install ODBC
   drivers on Windows NT version 3.1 or 3.5 clients, run Setup
   from the \32i directory of the ODBC 2.0 disk. If you will
   be running 16-bit applications in the Windows on Win32
   (WOW) subsystem of Windows NT, run both versions of Setup.

   For more information, see the ODBC online Help.

*****Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SQL Server Workstation System*****

Microsoft SQL Server version 4.21A is available in two package
configurations:

-  Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management
   system that is capable (depending on your application
   and hardware environment) of supporting hundreds of
   simultaneous users.

-  Microsoft SQL Server Workstation System has the same features and
   functionality as Microsoft SQL Server, except that it is a
   single-user licensed product that supports a maximum of
   15 simultaneous database connections.

*****Install SQL Server on Windows NT Server Version 3.5*****

For Windows NT version 3.5, Microsoft SQL Server should be
installed on a computer running the Windows NT Server operating
system. SQL Server is not supported for installation on a computer
running Windows NT Workstation version 3.5. Windows NT Server
is optimized for server functions and offers better performance,
scalability, and capacity than Windows NT Workstation.

Microsoft SQL Server is not recommended for installation
on a Primary Domain Controller or a Backup Domain
Controller because those computers perform the
resource-intensive tasks of maintaining and
replicating the network accounts database and
performing network login authentications.

For Windows NT version 3.5, Microsoft SQL Server Workstation
System can be installed on a computer running either the Windows
NT Workstation or Windows NT Server operating system.

Note that SQL Server and SQL Server Workstation System are
both compatible with Windows NT version 3.1 and Windows NT
Advanced Server version 3.1.

*****Setting Frame Types for NWLink IPX/SPX*****

In order to establish and maintain connections, SQL
Servers and clients communicating via the NWLink
IPX/SPX protocol must be configured to use the same
frame type. The most commonly used frame types for
Ethernet are 802.3 and 802.2. Windows NT Version
3.5 offers an auto-detect option that in most cases
properly configures a server or workstation for the
appropriate frame type.

In some rare situations, especially on networks with
mixed Novell(R) server versions or with clients
running various frame types, you might encounter
difficulty establishing connections between SQL
Server clients and servers when the Windows NT
Version 3.5-based computers are configured for
frame type auto-detect. If this occurs, you can
configure the Windows NT Version 3.5-based computers
for specific frame types.

Note: Computers running the Windows NT Server operating
system can be configured for multiple frame types.
Computers running the Windows NT Workstation operating
system can be configured only for a single frame type.

First, determine what frame type(s) you will
use. Check what frame type other network clients are
using (you may want to set your Windows NT Version
3.5-based computers to that frame type). For Ethernet,
you will usually use frame type 802.2 for networks
with servers running NetWare(R) version 3.12 or
later, and frame type 802.3 for networks with
other configurations.

To set frame types on each computer running Windows
NT Server version 3.5:

1. From the Control Panel, choose the Network application.
   The Network Settings dialog box appears.
2. From the Installed Software list, select NWLink
   IPX/SPX Compatible Transport, and then choose
   Configure. The NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol Configuration
   dialog box appears.
3. Select the Manual Frame Type Detection option, select
   one or more frame types from the list, and then
   choose the Add button.
4. Choose OK. The Network Settings dialog box returns.
5. Choose OK. The Control Panel returns. Close the
   Control Panel.

To set a frame type on each computer running Windows
NT Workstation version 3.5:

1. From the Control Panel, choose the Network application.
   The Network Settings dialog box appears.
2. From the Installed Software list, select NWLink
   IPX/SPX Compatible Transport, and then choose Configure.
   The NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol Configuration dialog box
   appears.
3. In the Frame Type box, select the appropriate frame
   type (you may choose only one), and then choose OK.
   The Network Settings dialog box returns.
4. Choose OK. The Control Panel returns. Close the
   Control Panel.

For additional information on frame types, choose the
Help button from the NWLink IPX/SPX Protocol
Configuration dialog box.

*****SQL Server and DHCP Servers*****

Windows NT Version 3.5 provides easy administration of large TCP/IP
networks by offering the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
service for automatic TCP/IP configuration. Windows Internet Name Service
(WINS) provides dynamic mapping of network names and addresses, enabling
users to operate in large scale TCP/IP networking environments with little
administrative support.

When using the DHCP service, computers are automatically assigned a
"leased" (temporary) IP address by the DHCP server. Leases have an
expiration date and time, but if the computer is available on the network
when the lease expires, the leased IP address is automatically renewed.
However, if a computer is not available on the network when the lease
expires (for example, if it is turned off), the DHCP server can cancel
the lease and that address becomes available to any computer needing a
lease. When the original computer again becomes available on the network
it is assigned an IP address that may be different from its previous IP
address.

For SQL Server, this means that on rare occasions the IP address of a
server might change (usually, only if the server was turned off at the
time the IP address lease expired). If you occasionally encounter problems
with dropped client-server connections when using the DHCP service on
Windows NT version 3.5, you can assign reserved IP addresses to the
computers running SQL Server. (This is necessary only for servers, not
clients.)

Instructions for setting a reserved IP address can be found in Chapter
4, "Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers," in "Microsoft Windows
NT Server TCP/IP," available with Windows NT Server.

Instructions for setting a reserved IP address are also available from
the DHCP Manager online Help file. You can start DHCP Manager on the
DHCP server by choosing its icon from the Network Administration Tools
group in Program Manager. View the online instructions by selecting the
Help menu, choosing Contents, choosing "Administering DHCP Clients," and
then choosing "Managing Client Reservations."

*****Using Dump Devices on a NetWare Server*****

The Client Service for NetWare allows a Windows NT
Server version 3.5 to access files on a NetWare file
server. If you want to use a file on a NetWare server
as a disk dump device for SQL Server, you must:

1. Run SQL Server as a service under a Windows NT user
   account that matches the user ID and password of a
   valid NetWare user. You cannot run SQL Server as a
   service under the LocalSystem account.

   For information on how to set this up, see "Configuring
   Network Permissions for SQL Server," in Chapter 2 of the
   Microsoft SQL Server Configuration Guide (page 64).

2. Identify the network share point of the dump device
   using UNC naming rather than drive letters. For
   example, the following command would be valid:

    sp_addumpdevice 'disk','netware_dump',
    '\\netware1\big_disk\dumpdir\dumpfile.dat', 2

   Note: In the above command, you cannot use a drive
   letter ("n:") in place of the UNC designation for the
   drive and dump share ("\\netware1\big_disk").

*****Running SQLMail on Windows NT Server Version 3.5*****

With Windows NT Server version 3.5, SQL Server can
run as a service in a user account and use SQLMail
functionality. If you run SQL Server in the LocalSystem
account on Windows NT Server version 3.5, then in the Services
application in the Windows NT Control Panel, in the Startup
dialog box, you should select the option Allow Service To
Interact With Desktop.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installing or Upgrading
------------------------------------------------------------------------
To install Microsoft SQL Server version 4.21A, run the
Setup program and choose the Install SQL Server And Utilities
option. To upgrade a previous version of Microsoft SQL Server
to version 4.21A, run the Setup program and choose the Upgrade
SQL Server option.

The CD-ROM disc contains three separate SETUP directories,
one for Intel-based computers (the \I386 directory), one for
MIPS-based computers (the \MIPS directory), and one for Alpha
AXP-based computers (the \ALPHA directory). SQL Server
must be installed from the directory containing the software
compatible with your hardware platform. You cannot use a
different processor architectureÆs Setup program to install SQL
Server.

For detailed installation instructions, see the Setup program's
online Help or the Microsoft SQL Server Configuration Guide.
Note that the printed SQL Server documentation is the same
for versions 4.2, 4.21, and 4.21A.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
If You Have a Beta Version of SQL Server for the MIPS Platform
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have a Beta version of Microsoft SQL Server for a
MIPS-based computer, you must newly install this release.

This release includes a CD-ROM disc for installing SQL Server for
Windows NT. Note that the CD-ROM disc contains three separate SETUP
directories, one for MIPS-based computers, one for Intel-based computers,
and one for Alpha AXP-based computers. Be sure you setup SQL Server
using the directory for MIPS-based computers (the \MIPS directory). You
cannot use a different processor architecture's Setup program to install
SQL Server.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Migrating Data Between RISC and Intel Architectures
------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is not possible to dump a database in one processor architecture and
load it in another. Even if the operation appears to succeed, serious
problems will subsequently result. You also should not run the Setup
program to perform an upgrade from a database environment that existed
on a different computer. For example, you cannot dump a database from
an Alpha AXP-based computer and load it into an Intel-based computer. Nor
should you copy your MASTER.DAT from an Intel-based computer to a
MIPS- or Alpha AXP-based computer and run Setup to upgrade it. (However,
you can use SQL Transfer Manager, provided with Microsoft SQL Server
version 4.21A, to transfer the data from one architecture to another.)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft SQL Server Adds SQLMail Functionality
------------------------------------------------------------------------
With version 4.21, SQL Server includes extended stored procedures that
allow SQL Server to send messages through the built-in mail application
programming interface (MAPI) client interface in Windows NT. These
messages can consist of short text strings, the output from a query, or
an attached file. You can send messages from within a trigger or a
stored procedure. (For example, you can send an alert when changes
occur in the database.) Mail functionality has also been integrated
with SQL Monitor and SQL Administrator scheduled backups. You can use
this capability with SQL Administrator's scheduled backup feature to
enable SQL Monitor to notify a list of recipients when backups occur
and if errors occur during a backup. In addition, you can use the
SQLMail feature to notify you when long-running processes, such as
data downloads, are complete.

A new DLL, SQLMAPI.DLL, is installed with SQL Server and includes the
extended stored procedures necessary for mail enabling. You enable the
SQLMail functionality through the Set Server Options dialog box in the
Setup program. You can start and stop mail or send a message by using
the new extended stored procedures (documented below). You can also
automatically start mail when you start SQL Server by setting
AutoStart Mail Client in the Set Server Options dialog box. For more
information about enabling SQLMail, see the online Help included with
the Setup program. Note that before you enable SQLMail you should
ensure that the Mail client interface in Windows NT is set up and
working and that you can send an ordinary mail message to the
intended recipients of SQLMail messages. For more information
about the Mail client interface, see your documentation for
Microsoft Windows NT.

*****SQLMail Extended Stored Procedures*****

This section explains the extended stored procedures for SQLMail:
 xp_startmail, xp_stopmail, and xp_sendmail.

----------------
xp_startmail
Starts a SQL Server Microsoft Mail client session.

Syntax:
xp_startmail ['@user'] [, '@password']

where

@user
Is an optional parameter that specifies the mail user name.

@password
Is an optional parameter that specifies the mail password.

Remarks:
SQL Server attempts to log in to Microsoft Mail using the name and
password specified. If no name or password is supplied, SQL Server
uses the name and password specified in the Mail Login dialog box
under Set Server Options in Setup. If no name and password are specified
in the Mail Login dialog box, or if they are incorrect, you will
receive error 17903 "MAPI login failure" in the Windows NT Event Log
and/or the SQL Server error log.

Even if you don't use the Mail Login dialog box to save your Mail user
name and password, you must select the Copy SQLMail Configuration
From Current User Account option in the Mail Login dialog box to set up
SQLMail for the first time.

If Mail is already running on the workstation, SQL Server "piggybacks"
on that instance of Mail instead of starting one of its own.

Example:
xp_startmail 'sqluser', 'sqlpassword'

Messages:
Msg 17952 "Failed to start Microsoft Mail session. Check the errorlog
file in the SQL Server directory for details."
The name and/or password you have typed (either in the Mail Login
dialog box, or as parameters to xp_startmail) could be incorrect. Check
that you are using the correct name and/or password and that you have
typed them correctly. Make sure that you can run a regular Microsoft
Mail session using that user name and password. Also make sure that
you have selected the Copy SQLMail Configuration From Current
User Account option in the  Mail Login dialog box after you have your
Microsoft Mail client session working.

"Microsoft Mail session is already started."
A Microsoft Mail session is already started; SQL Server will not start
one of its own.

Permission:
Execute permission defaults to the system administrator, who can grant
permission to others.

See Also:
xp_sendmail, xp_stopmail

----------------
xp_stopmail
Stops a SQL Server Microsoft Mail client session.

Syntax:
xp_stopmail

Messages:
Msg 17966 "Microsoft Mail session is not started."
There is no existing SQL Server mail session to stop.

Permission:
Execute permission defaults to the system administrator, who can grant
permission to others.

See Also:
xp_sendmail, xp_startmail

-----------------
xp_sendmail
Sends a message, and/or a query result set, and/or an attachment to the
specified recipients.

Syntax:
xp_sendmail @recipients, [@message] [, @query] [, @attachments]
[, @copy_recipients] [, @blind_copy_recipients] [, @subject] [, @type]
[, @attach_results] [, @no_output] [, @no_header] [, @width]

where

@recipients
Is a required parameter specifying the names of the people you are
sending the mail to. If you specify more than one name, separate the
names by semicolons (;).

@message
Is an optional parameter that specifies the message to be sent. You
must specify @message, @query, or @attachments.

@query
Is an optional parameter that specifies a valid SQL Server query, the
result of which will be sent in mail. You must specify @query, @message,
or @attachments.

@attachments
Is an optional parameter that specifies a file to attach to the mail.
You must specify @attachments, @query, or @message.

@copy_recipients
Is an optional parameter that identifies other recipients you are
sending the mail to.

@blind_copy_recipients
Is an optional parameter that identifies other recipients you are
sending a blind copy of the mail to.

@subject
Is an optional parameter that specifies the subject of the mail. If you
do not specify a subject, "SQL Server Message" is used as the subject.

@type
Is an optional parameter that sets a custom message type of the mail
message. Custom message types are of the form

IP<MIC>.VendorName.subclass

A message type beginning with IPM (interpersonal message) will appear
in the recipients' Inbox; a message type beginning with IPC will not
appear in the Inbox and must be read by a custom MAPI application. The
default is Microsoft Mail's IPM type. See the "Windows NT Resource Guide"
or the "Microsoft Mail Technical Reference" (available separately) for
more information about using custom message types.

@attach_results
Is an optional parameter that specifies that the results set of a query
should be sent in mail as an attached text file (.TXT) instead of
appended to the mail. The default association for a .TXT file is Notepad,
but a different association can be specified using File Manager.
The default for this parameter is False, which means that the results
set is appended to the message.

@no_output
Is an optional parameter that sends the mail but does not return any
output to the SQL Server client session that sent the mail. The
default value is False, which means that the SQL
Server client session receives output.

@no_header
Is an optional parameter that sends the query results in mail but does
not send column header information with the query results. The default
is False, which means that column header information is sent with the
query results.

@width
Is an optional parameter that sets the line width of the output text
for an @query message. This parameter is identical to the /w parameter
in ISQL. For queries that produce long output rows, use @width together
with @attach_results to send the output without line breaks in the
middle of output lines. The default width is 80 characters.

Remarks:
The SQLMail session must be started prior to executing xp_sendmail.
Sessions can be started either automatically (using the Auto Start Mail
Client option in the Set Server Options dialog box of Setup) or with
xp_startmail. One SQLMail session supports all users on the SQL Server,
but only one user at a time can send a message. Other users will
automatically wait their turn until the first user's message is sent.

If @query is specified, xp_sendmail logs in to SQL Server as a client
and executes the specified query. SQLMail makes a separate connection
to SQL Server; it does not share the same connection as the original
client connection that issued xp_sendmail. Note that the @query can be
blocked by a lock held by the client connection that issued xp_sendmail.
For example, if you are updating a table within a transaction and you
create a trigger for that update that attempts to select the updated
row information as the @query parameter, the SQLMail connection will
be blocked by the exclusive lock held on that row by the initial client
connection.

Examples:
A. xp_sendmail 'user1', 'The master database is full.'
This example sends a message to user1 that the master database is full.

B. xp_sendmail @recipients = 'user1;user2', @message = 'The master
    database is full.', @copy_recipients = 'user3;user4',
    @subject = 'Master Database Status'
This example sends the message to user1 and user2, with copies sent to
user3 and user4. It also specifies a subject line for the message.

C. xp_sendmail 'user1', @query = 'sp_configure'
This example sends the results of the stored procedure sp_configure
to user1.

D. xp_sendmail @recipients = 'user1', @query = 'select * from sysobjects',
    @subject = 'SQL Server Report', @message = 'The contents of sysobjects:',
    @attach_results = 'True', @width = 250
This example sends the results of the query 'select * from sysobjects'
as a text file attachment to user1. It includes a subject line for the
mail and a message that will appear before the attachment. The @width
option is used to prevent line breaks in the output lines.

E. create table #texttab (c1 text)
    insert #texttab values ('Put your long message here.')
    declare @cmd varchar(56)
    declare @tabname sysname(30)
    select @tabname = name from tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
        where name like '#texttab%' +
        convert (varchar(5), @@spid) + '%'
    select @cmd = 'select c1 from tempdb.dbo.' + @tabname
    exec master.dbo.xp_sendmail
        'user1', @query = @cmd, @no_header= 'True'
    drop table #texttab
This example shows how to send a message longer than 255 characters.
Because the @message parameter is limited to the length of a VARCHAR
(as are all stored procedure parameters), this example writes the long
message into a temporary table consisting of a single text column. The
contents of this temporary table are then sent in mail using
the @query parameter. The @query parameter makes a separate connection,
so the name of the temporary table must be retrieved from the
sysobjects table in tempdb.

Messages:
Msg 17914 "An invalid recipient was specified."
One or more of the recipients you specified could not be found.

If SQL Server detects an error when executing the @query statement, you
will receive the full error message at the client, as if you had
executed the query directly. Possible errors include Msg 229 "SELECT
permission denied" and Msg 208 "Invalid object name." See the "Microsoft
SQL Server Transact-SQL Reference" for information on errors pertaining
to specific query statements.

Permission:
Execute permission defaults to the system administrator, who can grant
permission to others.

See Also:
xp_startmail, xp_stopmail

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft SQL Server Network Support
------------------------------------------------------------------------

*****Banyan(R) VINES(R) Support*****

Banyan VINES support for Windows NT-based clients and servers is
available only for SQL Server on the Intel platform; it is not
currently available on the MIPS or Alpha AXP platforms.

*****SQL Administrator Communication with SQL Monitor*****

SQL Administrator must communicate with SQL Monitor to complete tasks
such as scheduled backups. SQL Administrator uses configuration entries
to determine how to connect to SQL Monitor. If you use the default
Net-Library, SQL Administrator will usually be able to connect to
SQL Monitor using the defaults, and you will not need to adjust these
configuration entries. If you are connecting to SQL Server using a
logical server name (set up using the Advanced button of the SQL Client
Configuration Utility) you will need to configure these entries using a
text editor in Microsoft Windows(TM) or the Registry Editor in
Windows NT.

For clients running Windows, the SQL Server Setup program puts the
following default lines in the [SQLMONITOR] section of WIN.INI:

    dbnmp3=?1:\\?1\pipe\winsql\backup
    dbmsspx3=?1:?1_mon
    dbmsvin3=?1@?2:?1_mon?2
    dbmssoc3=?1,?2:?1,1434

For clients running Windows NT, the SQL Server Setup program puts the
following default REG_SZ values in the
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\SQLServer\Client\Monitor key
of the Windows NT Registry:

    dbnmpntw    ?1:\\?1\pipe\winsql\backup
    dbmsspxn    ?1:?1_mon
    dbmsvinn    ?1@?2:?1_mon?2
    dbmssocn    ?1,?2:?1,1434

These entries describe the default rules for each Net-Library that
SQL Administrator uses to build a SQL Monitor connection string from
the SQL Server name. You can override these rules by using a
configuration entry that matches the SQL Server name. If
SQL Administrator finds an entry that matches the SQL Server name, it
will use that entry to attempt to connect to SQL Monitor. If no entries
match the SQL Server name, SQL Monitor will use the default rules.

To override the default rules for a specific SQL Server, directly
specify a SQL Monitor connection string using the following format:

    <servername>=<netlib_name>,<monitor_connection_string>

    where

    <servername>
    Is the SQL Server name.

    <netlib_name>
    Is the name of the Net-Library file (not including the .DLL
    extension) used to communicate with SQL Monitor.

    <monitor_connection_string>
    Specifies what value SQL Monitor is listening on.

For example, to use the default SQL Monitor named pipe when
connecting to a SQL Server named GIZMO from Microsoft SQL
Administrator:

        gizmo=\\gizmo\pipe\winsql\backup

You can modify the default rules if they don't fit your environment. To
specify a rule for building the SQL Monitor connection string given a
specified SQL Server name, use the following format:

    <netlib_name>=<server_source_template>:<monitor_subst_template>

    where

    <netlib_name>
    Is the name of the default Net-Library file (not including the .DLL
    extension) used by the client.

    <server_source_template>
    Is a string template for the SQL Server name. This template can
    contain up to nine tagged expressions. Each tagged expression uses
    the format:

        ?<n>[<string>]

        where

        <n>
        Is a single digit 1 through 9.

        <string>
        Is an optional case-sensitive string of zero or more
        characters to be searched for in the SQL Server name. This
        string terminates at the next '?' in the
        <server_source_template> or at the end of the SQL Server name.

    The SQL Server name is parsed to build the tagged expressions.
    All characters up to, but not including, <string> are included
    in a tagged expression. Any subsequent portions of the
    SQL Server name include <string>.

    For example, given the following <server_source_template>:

        ?1xxx?2

    If the specified SQL Server name is AAAxxxBBB, then the following
    tags would be built:

        ?1 = AAA
        ?2 = xxxBBB

    <monitor_subst_template>
    Is the substitution template, used with the above tagged
    expressions, to build the SQL Monitor connection string. This string
    can contain tagged expressions using the format ?<n>.

    Each tagged expression is substituted with the corresponding
    tags built from the <server_source_template>. Any characters
    other than ?<n> are used directly to construct the SQL Monitor
    connection string.

    Using the example above, and given the following
    <monitor_subst_template>:

        ?1_mon@test_?2

    the resulting SQL Monitor connection string would be:

        AAA_mon@test_xxxBBB

*****TCP/IP Windows Sockets Client Support*****

For clients running Windows for Workgroups or Windows NT,
SQL Server supports client communication using standard
Windows Sockets as the IPC method across the TCP/IP protocol.

The following client Net-Library files, supported for connecting
only to Microsoft SQL Server, are provided with SQL Server:

- DBMSSOCN.DLL. Windows NT-based Windows Sockets client.
  The Windows Sockets Net-Library for Windows NT is supported
  on Windows NT Server version 3.5, Windows NT Workstation
  version 3.5, Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1, and
  Windows NT version 3.1.

- DBMSSOC3.DLL. Windows-based Windows Sockets client. The
  Windows Sockets Net-Library for Windows is supported on
  Windows for Workgroups version 3.11 with Microsoft TCP/IP
  for Windows for Workgroups version 1.0 and on Windows for
  Workgroups version 3.11 with the new Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for
  Windows for Workgroups 3.11.

  The Windows Sockets Net-Library for Windows is also supported
  on the Windows 3.1 environment (WOW) of Windows NT Server
  version 3.5, Windows NT Workstation version 3.5, Windows NT
  Advanced Server version 3.1, and Windows NT version 3.1

  Note: Windows clients running the new Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for
  Windows for Workgroups 3.11 stack and attempting socket
  connections to the server must upgrade to the newest
  DBMSSOC3.DLL, which is included with SQL Server version 4.21A.

- DBMSSOC.EXE. MS-DOS-based Microsoft TCP/IP socket client. The
  Microsoft TCP/IP socket Net-Library for MS-DOS is supported
  for MS-DOS-based applications running on Windows for Workgroups
  3.11 with Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows for Workgroups version
  1.0. It is not supported for the MS-DOS environment of Windows
  NT version 3.1, nor with the new Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for Windows
  for Workgroups 3.11 (because these environments support only the
  Windows Sockets specification).

The Windows Sockets Net-Libraries have been extensively tested on
the supported platforms for connecting to Microsoft SQL Server.
Support for other TCP/IP protocols that support Windows
Sockets is planned for future releases. Using these Net-Libraries
with other TCP/IP protocols or to connect to other than Microsoft
SQL Server has not been extensively tested, and
their use in these ways is not guaranteed. Any feedback you have
on the Windows Sockets Net-Libraries is welcome on the Microsoft
SQL Server (GO MSSQL) forum on CompuServe(R).

-----------------
New TCP/IP-32 Protocol Stack for Windows for Workgroups Clients

A new client protocol stack, Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for Windows
for Workgroups 3.11, is distributed with Windows NT Server
version 3.5 (and will also be made available by Microsoft
from other distribution sources). It allows Windows for
Workgroups clients to upgrade to the improved 32-bit protected
mode stack and take advantage of new TCP/IP services provided
by Windows NT Server version 3.5 (such as the new DHCP and WINS
services).

Note: This protocol stack does not support the real-mode sockets
as implemented in earlier versions of TCP/IP for Microsoft LAN
Manager and Windows. All socket support is provided through the
Windows Sockets specification. Because of this, DBMSSOC.EXE
(the MS-DOS-based Microsoft TCP/IP socket client Net-Library) is
not supported in this configuration.

Windows clients running the new Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 stack and attempting socket
connections to the server must upgrade to the newest
DBMSSOC3.DLL, which is included with SQL Server version 4.21A.

-----------------
Simplified System Administration Using DHCP and WINS

Windows NT version 3.5 provides for easy administration
of large TCP/IP networks by offering the Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service for automatic TCP/IP
configuration, and the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
for dynamic mapping of network names and addresses. This
enables users to operate in large scale TCP/IP networking
environments with little administrative support. (For
information on configuring clients, see Client
Configuration, below.)

Note that to take advantage of the DHCP and WINS services
a Windows for Workgroups client must be using the new
TCP/IP-32 protocol stack and must have these services enabled.

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Client Configuration

To configure a client running Windows or Windows NT to use
the Windows Sockets Net-Library, follow the steps under
"Setting Up Server Connections" in Chapter 3 of the Microsoft
SQL Server Configuration Guide (page 94). In the DLL Name box,
type the appropriate Windows Socket Net-Library name (DBMSSOCN for
Windows NT, DBMSSOC3 for Windows). The Connection String
uses the format:

   <ip_address>,[<socket_number>]

where <ip_address> is the IP address of the computer
running SQL Server, and <socket_number> is the optional
socket number that SQL Server is listening on.

It is also possible to configure a client running Windows
or Windows NT to use the Windows Sockets Net-Library by
default. From the SQL Client Configuration Utility, in
the Default Network box select TCP/IP Sockets. Using this
method, connections can be established by using the
<ip_address>,[<socket_number>] directly as the SQL Server
name, or by using a server name with the format:

   <host_name>,[<socket_number>]

where <host_name> is a TCP/IP host name that has been
defined in the client HOSTS file or on a Domain Name Service
(DNS), or is the machine name of a Windows NT Server
running SQL Server if WINS is enabled, and <socket_number>
is the optional socket number that SQL Server is listening
on. For a client running Windows for Workgroups, the HOSTS
file is located in the \WINDOWS directory by default. For
a client running Windows NT, the HOSTS file is located in
the \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC directory by default. For
other TCP/IP protocols that support Windows Sockets, see
your TCP/IP documentation.

To configure a client running MS-DOS to use the Microsoft
TCP/IP sockets Net-Library, you use an environment variable
before loading the Net-Library TSR (DBMSSOC.EXE). The
environment variable <server> is a logical server name,
and is set using this format:

   set <server>=<ip_address>,[<socket_number>]

In all cases, if the <socket_number> is not specified, the
Net-Library uses 1433, the official Internet Assigned Number
Authority (IANA) socket number for Microsoft SQL Server. Because
this official IANA socket number was not available at the time,
SQL Server version 4.2 used a temporary TCP/IP
socket number of 3180 by default.

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Memory Considerations Using TCP/IP for Windows for Workgroups Version 1.0

The Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows for Workgroups WINSOCK.DLL
requires 47K of low memory, 1.6K of low memory per socket
defined, and 32K of low memory per socket opened. If
available low memory becomes insufficient or fragmented,
you might see the error "There is not enough DOS memory
allocated for DOS buffers for all sockets" when attempting
to open a socket connection. If this error occurs, try closing
some applications, configuring your system to make more
conventional memory available, or reducing the number of
available sockets. Although Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows
for Workgroups supports up to 21 sockets, it is recommended
that you set this value to a realistic number of concurrent
SQL Server connections.

Note that this applies to clients using Microsoft TCP/IP for
Windows for Workgroups version 1.0. These considerations can
be avoided by upgrading to the new Microsoft TCP/IP-32 for
Windows for Workgroups 3.11.

*****Windows for Workgroups Clients on Novell NetWare Networks*****

Microsoft Windows for Workgroups version 3.11 enhances the network
integration available with Novell NetWare by offering peer network
functionality and connectivity to computers running Windows NT.
SQL Server clients running Windows for Workgroups can be configured
in several ways using the Network Setup application.

If only Windows support for Novell NetWare is installed (and Microsoft
Windows Network is not installed), then you are using the Novell NetWare
IPX protocol (IPXODI). This protocol supports SPX as the IPC method for
connecting to SQL Server. This means that you should use the SQL Client
Configuration Utility to set the default network to Novell IPX/SPX.
This configuration will allow Windows for Workgroups to use the IPX/SPX
Net-Library to connect to SQL Server for Windows NT running NWLink, and
to connect to SQL Server for OS/2 running the Microsoft Network
Integration Kit for Novell NetWare Networks.

If only the Microsoft Windows Network is installed (and Windows support
for Novell NetWare is not installed), you can still use IPX to
connect to SQL Server for Windows NT. Use the Drivers button to ensure
that the IPX/SPX Compatible Transport With NetBIOS network protocol
is installed. This IPX protocol is included with Windows for
Workgroups 3.11 and is similar to Windows NT NWLink. This protocol
supports named pipes as the IPC method for connecting to SQL
Server. This means that you should use the SQL Client Configuration
Utility to set the default network to Named Pipes. This
configuration will allow Windows for Workgroups to use the named
pipes Net-Library to connect to SQL Server running
NWLink. However, it will not connect to SQL Server for OS/2, because
Windows for Workgroups named pipes are not designed to interoperate
with Novell OS/2 Requestor named pipes.

If both the Microsoft Windows Network and Windows support for Novell
NetWare are installed, you can use either the named pipes or IPX/SPX
Net-Library to connect to SQL Server for Windows NT running NWLink,
or use the IPX/SPX Net-Library to connect to SQL Server for OS/2 running
the Network Integration Kit for Novell NetWare Networks.

It is recommended that the named pipes Net-Library be used, because
features such as integrated security and adjustable packet size are
available only with named pipes.

*****Updated Files Required for Windows for Workgroups 3.11-based Clients*****

Windows NT Server version 3.5 allows clients running Windows
for Workgroups version 3.11 to connect to the server via direct
host IPX.  However, a client running Windows for Workgroups
version 3.11 cannot establish named pipe connections over
NWLink to SQL Server on Windows NT Server version 3.5 unless
that client is provided with some updated Windows for
Workgroups files. These files include a new version of
the Windows for Workgroups redirector and other network
support files that provide improved performance. They are
distributed on the Windows NT Server version 3.5 CD, in the
\CLIENTS\WFW\UPDATE directory. The updated files are:

   NDIS.386
   NET.EXE
   NETAPI.DLL
   NWNBLINK.386
   VNETSUP.386
   VREDIR.386

These files should be used only for Windows for Workgroups
version 3.11. They will allow named pipe connections to work
properly to Microsoft SQL Server over direct host IPX. To
install these new files on a computer running Windows for Workgroups:

1. Copy all the files from the \CLIENTS\WFW\UPDATE directory
   on the Windows NT Server CD into the local C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM
   directory of the Windows for Workgroups 3.11-based client.

   Note: Remember to use the Windows NT Server CD. The
   Microsoft SQL Server CD does not contain these files.

2. On the Windows for Workgroups 3.11-based client, move
   the NET.EXE file from C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM to C:\WINDOWS.
   Because these files provide a general maintenance upgrade
   along with a number of fixes and improvements, copying
   the updated files is the preferred solution. However,
   there is an alternative solution. On any Windows for
   Workgroups 3.11-based client that does not have the
   updated files, you can edit the SYSTEM.INI file of the
   client to set:

      [network]
      DirectHost=off

This allows that Windows for Workgroups 3.11-based client
to establish named pipe connections over NWLink to SQL Server
on Windows NT Server version 3.5.

*****Novell NetWare And Microsoft Windows 3.1 Software Patches*****

If you are experiencing occasional system hangs, black screens, frozen
mouse pointers, or EMM386 errors on your client workstations while
using SPX/IPX connections, several patches are available on CompuServe
to help eliminate or reduce the frequency of these problems.

The majority of these types of problems are solved by upgrading the Novell
client software. DOSUP9.EXE and WINUP9.EXE are distributed by
Novell in the Novell Software Library (GO NOVLIB).

A small percentage of these failures can be caused by a problem in the
Windows virtual timing device. Microsoft is distributing a patch
(WW0863.EXE) for this problem in the Microsoft Software Library
(GO MSL).

*****OS/2 2.1 Network Client Support*****

Installation of Microsoft LAN Manager version 2.2, IBM(R) LAN Server
version 2.0 (Entry System), or IBM LAN Server version 3.0 on
OS/2 2.1-based workstations is required to enable the use of named pipe
client connections. With these versions, named pipe clients are
supported in both native OS/2 2.1 and DOS-OS/2 environments.

Installation of the Novell NetWare Requester for OS/2 version 2.01
on OS/2 2.1-based workstations is required to enable the use of IPX/SPX
client connections. With this version, IPX/SPX clients are supported in
both native OS/2 2.1 and DOS-OS/2 environments.

Installation of the Banyan VINES version 5.52(5) client software on
OS/2 2.1-based workstations is required to enable the use of VINES SPP
client connections. With this version, VINES SPP clients are supported
in both native OS/2 2.1 and DOS-OS/2 environments.

It is recommended that you run Windows-based SQL Server client
applications in their native environment, on Microsoft Windows
version 3.1. However, Windows-based applications that access SQL Server
using named pipes will run on OS/2 version 2.1 if you are
using Microsoft LAN Manager version 2.2 or IBM LAN Server version 3.0.
Internal testing has found the WIN-OS/2 environment to be unstable
with other networking software.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT Tools Enhancements
------------------------------------------------------------------------

*****SQL Transfer Manager*****

Microsoft SQL Server version 4.21 includes
SQL Transfer Manager. SQL Transfer Manager provides an easy, graphical
way to transfer objects and data from a Microsoft-based SQL Server or a
SYBASE(R)-based SQL Server to Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT. (For
example, transferring data from Microsoft SQL Server running on an
Intel-based server to a SQL Server on a different architecture, or
transferring data from a SYBASE SQL Server on UNIX(R).)

You can also use this tool to transfer data from a server with one sort
order to a server with a different sort order. Note, however, that this
tool does not convert extended characters, so you cannot use it for
conversion from one code page to another.

For detailed information about using SQL Transfer Manager, see the
online Help provided with the utility.

*****SQL Administrator Compatibility*****

Although the version of SQL Administrator that runs against SQL Server
for OS/2 4.2/4.2A will also work against SQL Server for Windows NT,
it is recommended that you upgrade SQL Server client tools on any
Windows 3.1-based clients that you plan to run against SQL Server for
Windows NT. This enables you to use additional tools and features
available with SQL Server for Windows NT (such as SQL Object Manager,
ISQL/w, and the SQL Client Configuration Utility). SQL Server for OS/2
version 4.2B contains these tools (version 4.2/4.2A does not). You can
upgrade your tools to the very latest version, 4.21A, by using the
Windows 3.1 Utilities disk provided with this release of SQL Server for
Windows NT. If you use the Utilities disk, you must also upgrade the
existing SQL Server for OS/2 installation if it is not version 4.2B
(for example, it is  version 4.2 or 4.2A) by running INSTMSTR.SQL,
INSTCAT.SQL, ADMIN2.SQL, and OBJECT2.SQL, which are found in the
\SQL\INSTALL directory of the SQL Server for Windows NT installation.

*****SQL Monitor Enhancements*****

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SQL Monitor and Changing the SA Password

If you change the SA password in SQL Server and want to start
SQL Monitor as a service (instead of starting SQL Monitor from the
command line), you must change the SA password in SQL Monitor as
well. To do this, use the /NEWPASSWORD = parameter in netsql start
sqlmonitor. For example:

netsql start sqlmonitor /NEWPASSWORD=sqlsa

Note that starting SQL Monitor with the password parameter (/P=)
overrides the set SA password.

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SQL Monitor is Now Mail Enabled

If you have configured SQL Server to be mail enabled,
SQL Monitor can send mail messages to specified recipients about
scheduled backup events. Use the Scheduled Backup Event Entry dialog
box in SQL Administrator to specify a list of recipients. You can
specify up to 60 characters; separate names by semicolons(;). After you
have specified a list of recipients, those people will be sent mail
whenever a backup occurs.

*****SQL Administrator Scheduled Backups*****

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Transaction Log Backups

In previous versions of SQL Administrator, when SQL Monitor attempted
to perform a scheduled backup for a transaction log and SQL Monitor
terminated sometime during the process, SQL Monitor would dump the
transaction log again when restarted, regardless of whether the previous
backup was successful. This posed a problem because SQL Monitor would
overwrite the previous transaction log dump, even though it might have
completed, so the chain of transaction log backups would be incorrect.
To solve this problem, SQL Monitor now handles failure during a
transaction log dump in the following order:

1. SQL Monitor records a dump in progress while it is dumping the
transaction log.

2. If SQL Monitor fails and then starts up again and sees that a dump
was in progress, but it does not know whether that dump completed,
SQL Monitor records an error to the Event Log and also sends a mail
message about the failure to a list of recipients (if SQL Server is mail
enabled and SQL Administrator is set up to send messages to a list
of recipients).

3. Further dumps of the transaction log are suspended. After the user
either dumps the full database or determines that the transaction log
dump is complete, the user must reactivate the scheduled transaction
log dumps. (This is done by selecting Yes under Enable in the Scheduled
Backup Event Entry dialog box. )

Note that if the scheduled backup is a database backup, steps 1 and 2
are followed, and the schedule for database backups will continue as is
and not be disabled.

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Performing Long Scheduled Backups

If you are using SQL Administrator to perform scheduled backups of large
databases (for example, those greater than 100 megabytes), you will likely
need to increase the SQL Monitor /sqltimeout option to a length of time
long enough to complete the backup.

*****SQL Object Manager and BCP*****

SQL Object Manager version 4.2 used bulk copy files based on the ANSI
character set if AutoANSItoOEM was turned on, or based on the character
set of the SQL Server if AutoANSItoOEM was turned off. The character
mode BCP.EXE versions 4.20 and 4.21 utilities use bulk copy files based
on the character set of the SQL Server. With version 4.21,
SQL Object Manager now uses the OEM character set. If you used
SQL Object Manager version 4.2 with AutoANSItoOEM turned on to bulk
copy out character data that contained extended characters (character
positions 128-255), the file is based on the ANSI character set; if you
bulk copy the files back in using SQL Object Manager version 4.21,
these extended characters will be converted incorrectly.

*****Additional Information About Database Backups*****

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Database Names When Dumping and Loading

When you dump a database to tape, only the first 17 characters of the
database name are stored. If the database name is longer than 17
characters and you try to restore the database, you will receive an
error message indicating that the names are different. For this reason,
it is recommended that you limit database names to 17 characters if you
plan to back them up to tape. If you are using SQL Administrator to
restore the database, you can choose to continue, even if the names are
different, as long as you're sure that the actual databases are the
same. If you are using ISQL, however, the restore process will be
terminated.

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Performing Multivolume Backups Using a QIC Tape Drive

If you are using a QIC tape drive to perform multivolume dump or load
operations using ISQL, you must have the console program running.
Do not use a batch operation to perform multivolume tape operations
with this drive.

*****Additional Information about BCP and ISQL*****

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Default Packet Size in ISQL and BCP

The documentation for the /a packet_size parameter of ISQL and BCP
gives an incorrect value for default packet size. The correct default
packet size for ISQL is 512. The correct default packet size for BCP on
Windows NT is 4096; on MS-DOS and OS/2, the default packet size is 512.

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BCP Out

In addition to the BCP support documented in the "Microsoft SQL Server
Transact-SQL Reference," the BCP utility now also supports copying
data out of a view. This feature allows you to copy specific columns,
add a WHERE clause, or perform special formatting such as changing
data formats using the CONVERT function.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cache Management Improvements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A new system process, Lazywriter, has been added to Microsoft SQL Server
version 4.21. The Lazywriter's main task is to flush out
batches of dirty, aged buffers (buffers that contain changes that must
be written back to disk before the buffer can be reused for a different
page) and make them available to user processes.

Previously, individual processes would search the data cache for an
available buffer. If a clean buffer (a buffer that remained unchanged
since the last read from disk) was not found, the user process would
select a dirty buffer and be required to flush the contents of the
buffer to disk before claiming it. In the case where most buffers in
the data cache were dirty (due to extensive update activity), the
overhead of searching for free data buffers and having to individually
flush dirty buffers to disk caused degradation in performance. One way
of avoiding this problem previously was to reduce the recovery interval
and have checkpoint flush the buffer cache in batches more often so that
individual processes wouldn't have to do it one at a time.

With the introduction of Lazywriter, the need to checkpoint
frequently for the purpose of creating available buffers has been
eliminated. The batch I/O size used by Lazywriter can be set by the
max async io parameter of sp_configure. This parameter controls both
the checkpoint's and Lazywriter's batch I/O size, and it can be tuned
to maximize the I/O throughput for specific hardware platforms and I/O
subsystems.

The Lazywriter process automatically starts flushing buffers when the
number of available free buffers falls below a certain threshold, and it
stops flushing buffers when this number goes ~5-6% above the threshold.
This threshold value is specified as a percentage of the total number
of buffers in the buffer cache. The default threshold is set to 3% of
the buffers in the data cache and should be sufficient in most situations.
However, if necessary, the Lazywriter threshold can be modified using
the BLDMASTR utility with the -y switch, as follows:

bldmastr -dc:\sql\data\master.dat -yLRUThreshold=<x>

where x is a percentage of the size of the data cache (values
between 1 and 40 are valid).

***CAUTION: Be careful to type the command exactly as shown. The
command should complete nearly immediately and not prompt for any
input whatsoever. If you are prompted for input, you have made a
syntactic error. Use CTRL+C to terminate the utility immediately.
INCORRECT USE OF THE BLDMASTR UTILITY CAN INADVERTENTLY CHANGE
YOUR MASTER DATABASE. The LRUThreshold argument is case-sensitive.

Because cache management has been enhanced, some meanings of the
SQL Server counters in the Performance Monitor have changed. For the
most up-to-date definitions of the SQL Server performance counters,
see the Explain text in the Performance Monitor.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enhanced NOCOUNT option of the SET statement
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Previously, even if the NOCOUNT option of the SET statement was set (so
that no messages about the number of rows affected by a SQL statement
were displayed in a client session), the messages were still being sent
across the network. For this release, the NOCOUNT option has been
enhanced so that when it is set, no row count messages are sent across
the network at all. This can reduce network traffic when executing a
stored procedure containing a large number of SQL statements across a
wide area network (WAN) or when using remote access or dial-up networks.

You can use this option from within a trigger or a stored procedure, or
you can set it on a user basis. The system administrator can also set
this option server-wide by using the trace flag 3640 when starting
SQL Server. Note that when you use this trace flag, even if a client
session wants to see the rows affected messages, the messages will
not be sent.

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Acknowledgments
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Information in this document is subject to change
without notice. Companies, names, and data used in
examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise
noted. No part of this document may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express
written permission of Microsoft Corporation.

⌐1990-1994 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft, MS, Windows, Windows NT and Win32 are
either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries.

Alpha AXP is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Apple is a registered service mark of Apple Computer, Inc.
AppleTalk is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Banyan is a registered trademark of Banyan Systems, Inc.
DECnet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.
Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
MIPS is a registered trademark of MIPS Computer Systems, Inc.
NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.
Novell is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.
SQL Server is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
SYBASE is a registered trademark of Sybase, Inc.
VINES is a registered trademark of Banyan Systems, Inc.
VMS is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
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