PC Computing: Best Free Software/ZDCD.iso/top100/smalb.exe/F414.SBE

Text File | 1997-05-04 | 18.3 KB | 416 lines

@142 CHAP 11

      ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
      │   RELATED BOOK ON DOING BUSINESS IN THIS STATE    │
      └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

The author of this software program, Michael D. Jenkins,
J.D., CPA, is also the principal author of a book entitled
"STARTING AND OPERATING A BUSINESS IN @STATE."

This book is just one of a series of 51 such books, one for
each of the 50 states, plus a Washington, D.C. edition.
Most of the various editions are co-authored by CPAs with
the accounting firm of Ernst & Young, in the respective
states, or by other local experts -- lawyers, CPAs, business
professors or others -- in each state.

This book series, the only one of its kind, is used
throughout the nation in SBA offices, Small Business
Development Centers, college and university classes, by law
and accounting firms and other business advisors, and by
over a million small businesses who have purchased copies of
this book series since the first (California) edition was
published in 1981.

INC. MAGAZINE, in a 1994 cover article entitled "In Search
of the Small Business Bible," reviewed several hundred small
business self-help books currently available, and selected
6 as "The Best of the Best." One of the six winners was the
STARTING AND OPERATING A BUSINESS IN ______ series.  The
INC. editors noted that this book series is:

  "...a comprehensive--and truly frightening--catalog of the
   regulations affecting most businesses in your state....
   it's invaluable to have all the information in one place."
   (April, 1994 issue)

Similarly, the New and Small Business Journal (now the
National Small Business Journal) wrote in a 1994 review:

  "Here is a book that can help virtually every small
   business owner operator.  It has been a best seller in
   Atlanta for many months, and for good reason -- it's
   loaded with a tremendous amount of useful information in
   a terrific format.  And not only is it a nontechnical,
   'readable' manual, it is about as current as possible...."
   (March, 1994 issue)

The National Public Accountant's review concluded that:

   "It is probably the most useful small business self-help
    book available on the market." (Sept. 1994 issue)

The editors of Forbes Magazine, in a November 4, 1996
article, reviewed a number of small business "self-help"
books and concluded that most are not worth the paper they
are printed on.  Nevertheless, the Forbes article opined
that there were a few good ones, reviewing the "Starting
and Operating a Business" series and giving it, along with
only four other books, a strong recommendation.

This book series, which is found in all major bookstores and
in most discount warehouse clubs, as well, is published by
PSI Research, 300 N. Valley Drive, Grants Pass, OR 97526, at
$24.95 for the paperback version ($29.95 for looseleaf binder
version).  Each is about 275 to 300 pages in length, and
includes important state and federal tax forms, detailed
checklists, and a number of preprinted "tear-out" postcards,
each of which you can drop into the mail to quickly and easily
request important forms, free booklets and other information
from various state and federal government agencies.

The books series is updated annually, and each of the books
can be ordered by using out the order form that this program
will automatically print out for you, before you exit the
program.

Each of the books (the whole series takes up several feet of
shelf space) goes into far greater detail on most subjects
than this software, and covers a number of areas not
addressed in this program.  We think you'll find the book
edition for your state a very useful addition to your
library, particularly if you need more in-depth analysis
than we are able to provide in this software.

@CODE: AK CA ID NM OR WA
      ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
      │GENERAL INFORMATION ON DOING BUSINESS IN THIS STATE│
      └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
@CODE:OF

@CODE: AK
Alaska, the 49th and by far the largest state, is not only
the last American frontier and an exciting place to live or
visit, for the outdoor enthusiast, but is also a land of
opportunity for the beginning or business owner.  The state
is an almost ideal business location, with few business
taxes, vast natural resources, a strong tourism trade, and
a government that is committed to creating a friendly
environment for business.

There is no state personal income tax, no gross receipts tax,
no state wide property or sales tax, and no inventory tax or
property tax on intangible assets.  About the only taxes a
business needs to face is the corporate income tax, specific
natural resource taxes, and local sales taxes, generally at
rates of 3.5% to 4%, in some cities, such as Juneau, Nome,
Ketchikan, and Homer.

Located strategically on the Pacific Rim, Alaska is well
situated for international trade, which is a growing part
of the state economy.  Anchorage International Airport, one
of the busiest in the U.S., is located almost midway
between New York and Seoul, Bonn and Peking, and London
and Taipei.  With its network of modern highways, railroads
and deep ocean seaports, Alaska has an excellent
infrastructure and is surprisingly accessible.

On the down side, the state has long had a history of
alternating boom and bust periods, beginning with the
Klondike Gold Rush in 1898 and the more recent North Slope
"Oil Rush" in recent decades.  At present, the Alaska
economy is experiencing some "rough sledding," as both
the oil business, which is undergoing consolidation and
downsizing, and the fishing industry, which is suffering
from a potentially ruinous decline in fisheries, are in a
shrinking, rather than an expanding mode, the consequences
of which are felt by almost everyone doing business in the
state.

Alaska provides a "one-stop" business assistance center,
which provides information about the economy and necessary
steps to initiate a business in the state.  For assistance,
contact the Alaska Division of Economic Development in
Juneau, at [phone].

@CODE:OF
@CODE: CA
California, which has by far the largest population of any
state in the union, with approximately 30 million consumers,
offers an almost boundless market for all types of
businesses.  Its highly developed economy is the nation's
largest (and the world's seventh-largest) and is also one of
the most diverse of any state.  For several decades, the
words"California" and "growth" were almost synonymous, and
it was common knowledge that the California economy and the
price of California real estate could never go in any other
direction but up.  That, of course, is history.

Old myths die hard, and those days of unbridled optimism
and growth in California have come to an end, at least
for now; businesses operating in the state that intend to
survive have had to make some painful adjustments in recent
times.  The rapid growth of the economy and population in
the 1980s pushed real estate prices in much of California
to almost unheard-of levels.  But by 1990, property values
finally peaked and began to decline in much of the state
for the first time in many years.

The seemingly endless growth in the California economy
has also stalled in the last few years.  The state has
experienced a severe economic contraction as layoffs
expanded in certain key industries--such as construction
and defense-related areas--and as major employers shifted
facilities to other states with lower taxes, fewer
environmental problems and restrictions, and lower housing
and living costs.  Unlike prior national recessions that
always seemed to skip over California, the last recession
was felt in full force here, even as many formerly stricken
parts of the country, like the Midwest, were making strong
recoveries.

A confluence of several factors, including the national
economic recession, plus defense and aerospace cutbacks,
have added to the woes the state has faced.  The situation
was also exacerbated by a series of back-to-back natural
calamities, including the 1989 Bay Area earthquake, a
prolonged drought, a severe and unprecedented freeze in
1990, the devastating Oakland/Berkeley fire in 1991, the
L.A. riots in 1992, followed by the Malibu firestorm, a
virtual decimation of the wine vineyards by disease, and
the massive L.A. earthquake in January of 1994.  This run
of misfortune was capped by the most recent (manmade)
disaster, the errant financial speculation by the Orange
County government that resulted in losses of billions of
dollars on its investments and the filing for bankruptcy
protection by what had been one of the U.S.'s richest
counties.

During this difficult recent period, the business
environment in California was also worsened by an increase
in the top state income tax rate from 9.3% to 11%; a 1.25%
increase in the sales tax rate as well as authorization of
local governments to raise local sales tax rates; and
dramatic increases in alcoholic beverage, cigarette and
gasoline taxes.  These were subsequently offset by an
investment tax credit on purchases of production equipment
in most manufacturing industries and for new businesses
and R&D operations, as well as several other business tax
breaks.

All in all, California had become a difficult place to do
business in recent years, and is witnessing a significant
outmigration of businesses and residents to other western
states.

Even so, the state seems to finally be on the track to
recovery, and finally began to show job growth again in
1994 and since, with the state unemployment rate dropping
from nearly 11% at the start of 1994 to 6.5% by the spring
of 1997, with economic growth continuing at a fairly healthy
and quickening pace, in 1997.

In addition, it seems likely that 1997 will see more
reductions in taxes and other steps by state government
to make California a less hostile environment for businesses.
In 1996, the Legislature reduced the corporate franchise
tax rate on corporate income from 9.3% to 8.84%, starting
in 1997.  Also, the two high-income (10% and 11%) tax
brackets on individuals, temporarily enacted a few years
ago to deal with the state's budget crisis, expired at the
beginning of 1996, so that the top individual rate dropped
back down to 9.3% in 1996.  (A ballot initiative decided
by voters in the November, 1996, election proposed to
restore the 10% and 11% tax brackets on high-income
taxpayers, but was soundly defeated by the electorate.)

Whether or not any further tax incentives are enacted or
any other significant steps will be taken by state government
to make California a better environment for businesses,
California nevertheless remains the quintessential market,
the ultimate place to do business, due to the vast size and
richness of its marketplace.

Despite the sometimes apocalyptic, doom-and-gloom headlines
about the state's demise in recent years, the reports have
been greatly exaggerated (to paraphrase Mark Twain), and
California still has much to offer anyone wishing to start,
relocate, or operate a business.

@CODE:OF
@CODE: ID
Idaho's vast natural resources, including the largest
wilderness area in the lower 48 states, offer unlimited
opportunities for enjoyment and recreation, and are the
basis for a strong tourism industry.  Long a primarily
agricultural state, Idaho has tied its economic future to
high technology in recent years.  It is one of the five
states with the most rapid growth in manufacturing, and is
home to large companies such as Boise Cascade, Albertson's,
and Micron Technology.  Deriving some 3/4 of its electric
power from hydroelectric sources, Idaho has some of the
lowest electricity rates in the nation.  In addition,
Idaho businesses enjoy the second lowest tax burden of
any western state, as well as a friendly regulatory climate
and a highly-educated workforce, with the fourth highest
literacy rate in the nation.

@CODE:OF
@CODE: NM
With its pristine, timeless beauty and benign climate, New
Mexico is a uniquely desirable place in which to live,
visit, or do business.  Despite being the 6th-fastest-growing
state in the Sun Belt between the 1980 and 1990 censuses, and
its accelerating growth since 1990, New Mexico remains an
unspoiled "land of enchantment," as every auto license plate
in the state quite accurately proclaims.  Even with its recent
rapid growth (particularly in manufacturing), New Mexico's
relatively small population of about 1.6 million inhabits an
uncrowded state which is the fifth largest in land area in
the United States.

In addition to its delightful, sunny climate, friendly people
and frontier heritage, the state is rapidly becoming a center
for high technology and major research facilities, on the
cutting edge of the new frontiers of science.  Major research
facilities located in New Mexico include:

  . Los Alamos National Laboratories, with about 7,000
    workers engaged in high-level research focusing on
    both defense-related and nondefense-related programs;

  . White Sands Missile Range, which supports missile
    development and testing for the military and NASA,
    along with space shuttle testing, Army meteorological
    research, and satellite tracking;

  . Albuquerque's Sandia national Laboratories, a subsidiary
    of AT&T Technologies, which has more than 7,000 employees
    engaged in areas such as energy research, weapons
    development, and particle beam fusion;

  . The Air Force Space Technology Center at Kirtland Air
    Force Base in Albuquerque;

  . The Air Force Weapons Laboratory;

  . The Very Large Array, a large radio astronomy complex
    near Socorro; and

  . Three major universities with research facilities, as
    well as numerous other federal, state, and private
    research and development activities.

New Mexico offers a number of advantages to businesses.
Its tax environment is highly favorable for some kinds of
businesses -- it has no inventory tax nor unitary system
of business taxation, and property taxes per capita are
49th in the nation.  The business climate is very hospitable
to new firms, offering a variety of tax credits and
financial incentives.  Compared with most states, New
Mexico's legal, tax and regulatory systems are refreshingly
simple and straightforward.

Perhaps the main drawbacks are that New Mexico is a
relatively poor state, in terms of per capita income, and
the existence of its pervasive gross receipts tax that,
unlike the sales tax in most other states, applies to
almost every type of business income, including most kinds
of revenues from services.  Thus, for certain service
businesses that are unable to pass the tax along to their
customers, the gross receipts tax can be a serious
disincentive.

Furthermore, this tax on gross income is imposed in IN
ADDITION TO the New Mexico state income taxes on net
income of individuals and corporations.  This can make
for a particularly inhospitable tax environment for an
unincorporated business, where business income may be
subject to gross receipts tax of about 6% right off the
top, plus state income tax of up to 8.5% on what is left --
BEFORE even considering the federal self-employment tax of
up to 15.3% and federal income taxes!

@CODE:OF
@CODE: OR
Oregon, once known primarily as a timber and forest products
state, is now emerging as a leader in manufacturing, high
technology, and tourism, with a vibrant and diversified
economy.  In addition to its beautiful natural environment,
with snow-capped Cascade peaks, lush valleys and forests, and
spectacular Pacific Ocean coastline, Oregon provides an
excellent environment for businesses, particularly for new
and small businesses, many of which have migrated to the
state from California in recent years.

Business-friendly features include:

  . No state wide sales tax

  . No business and occupation tax

  . No tax on intangible property

  . No recordation or real estate transfer taxes

  . No property tax on business inventories, or on livestock
    or farm machinery

  . A one-stop business assistance center, offering
    assistance to businesses commencing operations in the
    state:

    Oregon Economic Development Corporation, Salem, Oregon:

    Telephone [phone] -- Main office
              1-503-373-1244 -- One-stop information and
                                referral service
              1-800-547-7842 -- Toll-free number

@CODE:OF
@CODE: WA
The fast-growing state of Washington has proved attractive
to entrepreneurs starting new businesses or acquiring
existing businesses.  It is known worldwide as the home of
two of the world's most dominant and most highly respected
technological enterprises, the Boeing Company and Microsoft.
But its strong development record and favorable economic
outlook are attributable to a number of factors, including:

  . A strong base of technology, related to its major
    position in the aerospace, software, medical, biotech,
    and nuclear power industries;

  . A broad resource base consisting of forests, agriculture,
    some of the nation's most important fisheries, and
    minerals, as well as abundant water for diversified
    production, agriculture, and energy generation;

  . A highly trained and industrious workforce;

  . A topnotch state higher education system with two public
    research universities, 17 other four-year colleges and
    universities, and 27 community colleges;

  . A diverse, highly developed transportation system,
    including a public transit system in the Seattle area
    that is widely regarded as the nation's best run public
    transit operation;

  . A state government seeking to accelerate state economic
    development, and a business culture accustomed to
    successfully dealing on an international level.

While the state has relatively high tax rates overall, it
imposes no income tax on individuals or businesses (although
it does impose a Business and Occupations Tax on the gross
income of all businesses -- a tax that, in some cases, may
be more burdensome than a tax on net income would be.)

Washington provides help to businesses seeking to start or
locate in the state, through the Business Assistance Center,
part of the Washington Department of Economic Development,
which can be reached at 1-800-237-1233.

@CODE:OF