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- JACOsub FONT SPECIFICATIONS
- ===========================
-
- Note: You do not need to read this unless you plan to design your own
- fonts for use with JACOsub. If you don't have such plans, then this
- document will only confuse you.
-
- JACOsub will work with all fonts supported by the Amiga operating system.
- To get the most effective use out of JACOsub, some consideration must be
- given to fonts and how they are used by the program. This document covers
- the following topics:
-
- 1. Font types
- a. Mono-color fonts
- b. Color bitmap fonts
- c. Fixed width versus proportional fonts
- 2. Standard character set
- 3. Reserved character codes
- 4. Controlling boldface thickness
- 5. Converting from other font formats
-
-
- 1. FONT TYPES
- --------------
-
- a. Mono-color fonts
- --------------------
-
- JACOsub can read all Amiga mono-color bitmap fonts and, under AmigaDOS 2.0
- and above, CompuGraphic scalable outline fonts (once loaded in memory, all
- fonts are treated as bitmap fonts). These fonts are all mono-color. If
- you wish JACOsub to display them with an outline and/or dropshadow, you
- must use the FO and/or the FS directives in your script, respectively.
-
- Alternately, you can load these fonts into a font editor such as
- Calligrapher and build your own outline and shadow around the font images,
- thereby converting the font to a multi-color font.
-
- b. Color bitmap fonts
- ----------------------
-
- AmigaDOS 2.0 and higher has direct support for multi-color (actually this
- means "multi-bitplane") fonts. AmigaDOS 1.3 requires a colortext driver
- to be loaded prior to using color fonts. JACOsub will load any color
- bitmap font. However, for JACOsub to have proper control over the font
- colors, it expects one important thing about bitmap assignments: The
- pixels making up the font face (the part of the character image having an
- adjustable color) must occupy ONLY bitmap 0.
-
- This is equivalent to saying, if you stripped the font down to one bitmap,
- turning it into a mono-color font, none of the font-face image information
- should be lost, although other imagery (like dropshadows) would be lost.
- And indeed, if you try to use any JACOsub font under AmigaDOS 1.3 without
- first loading a colortext driver, the fonts appear like normal mono-color
- fonts, with no outlines or shadows.
-
- It is important to remember that a font's own internal color definitions
- have nothing to do with the colors on the screen in which they are
- displayed. The display's color palette controls the appearance of the font
- colors.
-
- For JACOsub compatibility, the font's internal color assignments should be
- as follows when designing a font:
-
- Color Bitplanes used Assignment
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- 0 none Background (transparent to genlock)
- 1 0 Font face imagery
- 2 1 Font outline/shadow imagery
-
- All JACOsub color fonts are 2-bitplane (4-color) fonts. As you can see
- colors 0, 1, and 2 are reserved for specific uses. Color 3 is available in
- a 2-bitplane font, but it is not used in the JACOsub font definitions.
- Color 3 may be used; however, it will appear as a fixed color changeable
- only through modifying JACOsub's color palette.
-
- It is unlikely that your video titling application will require more colors
- internal to a font than 4. If you need more, just remember to design your
- font with colors 0, 1, and 2 reserved with the assignments above, and you
- can do whatever you like with the other colors.
-
- c. Fixed-width versus proportional fonts
- -----------------------------------------
-
- JACOsub treats fixed-width fonts slightly differently than proportionally-
- spaced fonts in calculating screen area used by titles. The program also
- will allow only fixed-width fonts (like JACOsub 18) to be used as a timing
- font for display on the running clock or on the timing screen, and it will
- perform flush-justification only on proportional fonts.
-
- Do not try to load a fixed-width font into Calligrapher! You'll be sorry
- you did. Calligrapher fouls up the spacing and width of fixed-width fonts.
- It is an excellent font editor for proportional fonts, however.
-
- 2. STANDARD CHARACTER SET
- --------------------------
-
- The Amiga uses the ECMA-94 Latin 1 international 8-bit character set, also
- known as the ISO 8859-1 character set. Most operating systems except MSDOS
- support this standard. The JACOsub software does not care how each
- character code looks on the screen; however, the proportionally-spaced
- JACOsub fonts were designed for the most part to conform to the
- international standard (the fixed-width JACOsub 18 font is a pure ASCII
- font with no funny foreign high-bit characters).
-
- For typographical convenience, the character set contains some useful
- characters not normally available from the keyboard. Character code 173
- (0xAD), for example, referred to as SHY, appears as an em-dash. This is a
- long dash useful for pauses in speech; much better than using a hyphen.
- Quotation marks are another example. Using pairs of left and right single
- quotes (`` '') comes out looking more like typeset quotes in the JACOsub
- character set; much better than normal double-quote characters (" "). And,
- of course, for Japanese Animation, we can't do without the Yen (¥) symbol,
- code 165 (0xA5).
-
- JACOsub's "Hex Entry" menu selection, which allows you to access characters
- not normally available from the keyboard, will display the international
- character set, and not the caracter images which happen to be in your font
- of interest. This menu display will match the JACOsub characters, however.
-
- The large JACOsub (36 pixel height) font is missing some character images
- to save space. These images are unlikely to be used. The character codes
- for the missing characters are (in hex) A0, A2, A4, A6-A8, AA, AC, AE, AF,
- B0-BA, BC-BE, D7, and F7.
-
- If you distribute a script using high-bit characters, you should make sure
- to use a font like the JACOsub fonts, which conform to the international
- standard, so that other people can make use of your script.
-
- 3. RESERVED CHARACTER CODES
- ----------------------------
-
- JACOsub reserves a few character codes for special uses. One use is the
- "hard space" designated in your scripts with a tilde (~) and treated
- internally during script compilation as a control-A (0x01). This is
- temporary, and reverts to a normal space after wordwrapping, but the
- presence of a control-A in your script will be treated as a hard space.
- You should not beusing ANY control characters in your script anyway.
-
- Another special-use character is for flush-justifying both margins of a
- text block. For this, JACOsub must commandeer one character out of the
- character set to use as an adjustable space when calculating text widths
- and displaying titles. The character code for this adjustable space will
- be 128 (0x80), 31 (0x1f) or 127 (0x7f), searched in that order, depending
- on what is available in the font. Except for 127 (the DEL character),
- these character codes are normally non-displayable, and therefore they are
- safe to substitute with a displayable space. One of these character codes
- must exist in your font for flush-justification to work. Flush
- justification is not supported for fixed-width fonts; you can do that
- yourself by adjusting the number of spaces between words.
-
- 4. CONTROLLING BOLDFACE THICKNESS
- ----------------------------------
-
- If a font is not already designed as a boldface font, the Amiga OS can
- generate this style algorithmically, resulting in a horizontal thickening
- of the characters. The extent of this thickening is controlled by a
- parameter called BoldSmear in the font data structure.
-
- Normally, all JACOsub fonts have a BoldSmear value of 1, meaning that
- boldface text will be generated by thickening normal text horizontally by 1
- pixel. This value is fine for small screen fonts which you usually use
- with computer appications, but for large video title fonts like thickening
- by just 1 pixel will result in a font that is not noticeably "bold." As of
- version 2.5, all proportionally-spaced JACOsub fonts have a BoldSmear value
- of 2. The SuperHires fonts have a BoldSmear value of 3.
-
- If you design your own font, most font editors do not provide a way to
- change BoldSmear. You can do that yourself easily, however, with a binary
- editor like NewZap. Simply load up the font data file (the file that
- begins with a number, like "18" or "36.4C"). The byte at hexadecimal
- offset $0077 is the BoldSmear value; it usually contains the value $01.
- Change it to 2. Any more than 2 will probably be too much.
-
- 5. CONVERTING FROM OTHER FONT FORMATS
- --------------------------------------
-
- I can't help you here. I know that utilities exist to convert, for
- example, TrueType fonts to Amiga-compatible format. There's another
- utility called ATE which allows the Amiga operating system to support
- PostScript fonts directly. Anybody who wants to fill in this documentation
- section is welcome to do so.
-
- Send revisions to matuli_a@marlin.navsea.navy.mil.
-