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- CD Summary Part 4
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- CD-ROM Data Tracks
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- Each CD-ROM data track is divided into individually addressable blocks of
- 2352 data bytes, i.e. one subcoding block or 98 frames. A header in each
- block contains the block address and the mode of the block. The block
- address is identical to the encoding of minute, second, and frame number
- in subcode channel Q. The modes defined in the CD-ROM specification are:
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- Mode 0 -- all data bytes are zero.
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- Mode 1 -- (CD-ROM Data):
- Sync Field - 12 bytes
- Header Field - 4
- User Data Field - 2048
- Error Detection Code - 4
- Reserved - 8
- Error Correction - 276
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- Mode 2 -- (CD Audio or Other Data):
- Sync Field - 12 bytes
- Header Field - 4
- User Data Field - 2048
- Auxiliary Data Field - 288
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- Thus, mode 1 defines separately addressable, physical 2K byte data blocks
- making CD-ROM look at this level very similar to other digital mass
- storage devices.
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- Second Level Error Correction
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- An uncorrected error in audio data typically results in a brief, often
- inaudible click during listening at worst. An uncorrected error in other
- kinds of data, for example program code, may render a CD unusable. For
- this reason, CD-ROM defines a second level of error detection and error
- correction (EDC/ECC) for mode 1 data. The information for the EDC/ECC
- occupies most of the auxiliary data field.
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- The error detection code is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the sync,
- header, and user data. It occupies the first four bytes of the auxiliary
- data field and provides a very high probability that uncorrected errors
- will be detected. The error correction code is essentially the same as
- the first level error correction in that interleaving and Reed-Solomon
- coding are used. It occupies the final 276 bytes of the auxiliary data
- field.
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- Editorial: This extra level of error correction for CD-ROM blocks is one
- of the many reasons that CD-ROM drives are much more expensive than
- consumer audio players. To perform this error correction quickly requires
- substantial extra computing power (sometimes a dedicated microprocessor)
- in the drive.
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- This is also one reason that consumer players like the Magnavoxes which
- claim to be CD-ROM compatible (with their digital output jack on the back)
- are useless for that purpose. They have no way of dealing with the CD-ROM
- error correction. They also have no way for a computer to tell them where
- to seek.
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- Another reason that CD-ROM drives are more expensive is that they are
- built to be a computer peripheral rather than a consumer device, i.e. like
- a combination race car/truck rather than a family sedan. One story,
- probably apocryphal but not far from the truth, has it that a major
- Japanese manufacturer tested some consumer audio players to simulate
- computer use: they made them seek (move the optical head) from the inside
- of the CD to the outside and back again. These are called maximum seeks.
- The story says they managed to do this for about 24 hours before they
- broke down. A CD-ROM drive needs to be several orders of magnitude more
- robust. Fast and strong don't come cheap.
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