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- ==================
- WHAT IS HYPERTEXT?
- ==================
-
- In recent years, many have heard of software called
- "hypertext" but few as yet know what this term means. In
- simple terms, hypertext is a generic term referring to a
- method of accessing information in a computer by means
- of an organized collection of links or nodes.
- <3A263A HYPERTEXT TERMS>
-
- ===================================
- HYPERTEXT IS NOT A TYPE OF DATABASE
- ===================================
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------
- IMPORTANT POINT #1:
-
- Hypertext is NOT a database or even very much like a
- database in the way it provides information.
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- How is this so?
-
-
- Non-linear pathways of access to knowledge are provided
- by hypertext; it does not require you to key in specific
- search conditions which the computer uses to later send
- back data that fits those conditions, like a database
- does. <LK104 2 SEARCH-BY-BROWSING METHOD>
-
- Rather, hypertext simply requires you to make and invoke
- certain choices that the hypertext network supplies you
- with, often in the form of lists or indexes or links in
- documents which best suit your needs. Links to other
- documents are inserted into a document because the
- hypertext builder judged that the link would lead to
- information that has some kind of relationship or
- association with the information on screen.
-
- Hypertext takes advantage of the propensity of the
- human mind to think in terms of associations, in
- clusters of connections. By providing coherent and
- obvious patterns of organization to knowledge, hypertext
- frees users from having to laboriously think through the
- connections in order find specific information.
-
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------
- IMPORTANT POINT #2:
-
- Hypertext systems are very easy to browse.
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
- TO EFFECTIVELY SEARCH FOR INFORMATION IN A HYPERTEXT
- NETWORK, you do NOT need a clear idea of exactly what
- you are looking for, unlike database systems.
-
- ===============
- LINKS AND NODES
- ===============
-
- When a choice of information is selected at a link
- <3A263A3 LINKS>, the information will almost instantly
- appear on the screen. The information that appears is
- what hypertext designers call "nodes," which can be a
- word, a sentence, a paragraph, a whole screen or file.
- <3A263A4 NODES> In this system, you can recognize links
- as the file names that appear between brackets that look
- like this: < >
-
-
- A link can also be thought of as a "jump-point." That
- is, the user "jumps" to another node (from this link)
- without having to go through any intervening files or
- branches of a tree structure. In this system, you will
- notice that most links or "jump-points" are labeled.
- This is done to give you an idea of what data (or type
- of data) will be accessed at the other end of the "jump"
- - it is a way of looking before you decide to "leap."
-
-
- ================
- HYPERTEXT DESIGN
- ================
-
- Hypertext designers must go about determining where
- links should be inserted and how files and nodes should
- be listed or cross-referenced. The "philosophy" of
- hypertext design and the technical issues behind
- hypertext are another matter, and an understanding of
- this is unnecessary for accessing a hypertext network.
-
-
-
-
- -------------------------------------------------------
- IMPORTANT POINT #3:
-
- If you are accessing a quality hypertext system, the
- organization of links devised by the hypertext designer
- should make it very easy to proceed to the information
- you want, or to information that you need but did not
- know you needed!
- ------------------------------------------------------
-
- That is, serendipitous searching is another benefit of
- hypertext, as you will find out in using hypertext.
-
- ======================================================
- NO SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IS NEEDED TO ACCESS HYPERTEXT
- ======================================================
-
- Database searching is often difficult or unsuccessful
- because so much precise information must be entered to
- find what is sought for. For example, what if the term
- you enter is different from the way it is listed
- according to the database? In such a case, the database
- will often tell you the data is not there when it really
- is!
-
- For example, in a well-known medical database, if a user
- keys in "cancer," the database will reply there are no
- articles on this subject. When the user types in
- "neoplasm," which is the term the database uses in place
- of the term cancer, then the user will be rewarded with
- many "hits" in response. But unless the user knows that
- "neoplasm" must be entered in order to receive article
- information on cancer, then the user would fail in his
- or her search for cancer information.
-
-
-
- Such a database requires specialized information at the
- outset in order for the user to make it work properly.
- This is not the case at all with a quality hypertext
- system. In hypertext, the user makes "jumps" to nodes
- which contain links to make other "jumps." The nodes
- contain information that would enable the user to reach
- what they are seeking WITHOUT a special knowledge of the
- terms used.
-
-
-
-
- -------------------------------------------------------
- IMPORTANT POINT #4:
-
- The organization of linkages, however, is created with a
- pattern in view, one which anticipates the pathways a
- user would "travel" on, and which, like a highway - a
- hypertext "highway" or "road" - enables the user to
- attain his/her information destination.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
-
- The pattern is set out to be easy for the user to
- understand immediately or intuitively, freeing the user
- to rapidly attain his or her goal through the links
- provided.
-
- In addition, the pattern would include links ("side
- roads") to the context a user needs for rapidly gaining
- knowledge to shed light on or make explicit, information
- that is only implicit in various terms or nodes.
-
-
-
-
- A database system, by its very nature, cannot supply
- access to context, or at best, it can only do so very
- laboriously, requiring special training on the user's
- part. Hypertext gives access to context.
-
- =================================
- THE SIMPLICITY OF USING HYPERTEXT
- =================================
-
- In any case, once the user gained the needed context or
- amplification of material, he or she can easily return
- to the "main highway" to reach the goal! Initially, the
- most important information the user needs to know is
- simply how to use the arrow keys on the computer's
- keyboard. <FILE021 ARROW KEY MOVEMENT COMMANDS>
-
- Databases are far from providing access to information
- without many and often difficult conditions to be met of
- various kinds. On the other hand, many computer programs
- called "hypertext" are often something other than
- hypertext. The hypertext network you will access here
- is, of course, a genuine hypertext network.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- IMPORTANT POINT #5:
-
- In short, real hypertext is closer to "push button"
- information retrieval than perhaps any other system of
- information access that exists!
- ------------------------------------------------------
-
- SEE ALSO -
-
- NAVIGATION THROUGH HYPERTEXT <3A263C>
-