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Demacs version 1.2.0 (1991/12/12) DOS version of GNU Emacs Manabu Higashida manabu@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp Osaka University, JAPAN and HIRANO Satoshi hirano@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp University of Tokyo, Japan Copyright 1991 Halca Computer Science Laboratory TM Copyright 1991 Manabu Higashida Demacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 1 as published by the Free Software Foundation. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License (this package includes it as file 'copying') for more details. Demacs version 1.2.0 ******************** Demacs---386/486 DOS version of GNU Emacs. Current Version =============== Demacs is currently based on GNU Emacs version 18.55 (partly 18.57). Demacs version itself is 1.2.0 (1991/12/12). ## Command: demacs-version Return string describing the version of Demacs that is running. Platforms ========= Hardware 386/486 based DOS machines---IBM PC and its compatible, AX, J-3100, or NEC PC-9801, High resolusion PC-98 and its compatible EPSON PC-386 Software MSDOS 3.0 or later XMS manager (`HIMEM.SYS') and VCPI memory manager (`EMM386.EXE', `QEMM', etc.) compatible. Demacs does not support DPMI, thus it can not be used with extended mode on Windows. Bug Report ========== When you have troubles with using Demacs, please follow the following steps before inquire us. First, read this README and the online-manuals (with Info Browser) to find answers. Next, consult to Emacs experts around you or on the networks. In case you decide to send a mail to the authors, you must read "Bugs" section in the Emacs manual before sending the mail. Suggestions and bug fixes are welcome with next address. demacs-bugs@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp If you want to know current status about Demacs, send empty mail to next address. demacs@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp We will reply your mail with latest information, automatically. Installation ************ Contents of This Distribution Kit ================================= The package consists of two archives; `dem120e.lzh' and `dem120s.lzh'. You need LHarc or LHa utility to unpack these archives. Don't forget to use `/mx' switches with `-x' option to unpack them. For example do as following. lharc x /mx dem120e.lzh lharc x /mx dem120s.lzh And similarly apply these options to the archives which are contained by them. After unpacking, following files will appear. `dem120e.lzh' (executables) readme this file demacs.tex texinfo version of `readme' demacs.dvi compiled `demacs.tex' by TeX copying GNU General Public Licence copying.dj DJGCC copyright notice termcap sample termcap file _emacs sample startup file bin\demacspc.exe DOS extender for IBM PC and its compatible machines bin\demacs98.exe DOS extender for PC-9801, PC-386 series bin\demacs demacs object file (stripped) bin\temacs `plain' demacs object file (stripped) etc.lzh emacs documentation string file and etc. lisp.lzh includes lisp files which are necessary to run edired.lzh enhanced dired-mode `dem120s.lzh' (source files) src\diffs.lzh includes only different files from the original lisp\diffs.lzh includes only different files from the original go32_98\source.lzh PC-9801 version go32 DOS extender from DJGCC go32_pc\source.lzh IBM PC version go32 DOS extender from DJGCC NOTE: This package only includes lisp files which are modified for Demacs. Original and/or other useful lisp stuff can be obtained from various FTP sites (for example `ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp') or from: Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA How to Install ============== Demacs requires special version of `go32.exe' DOS extender. This package includes it with its name `bin\demacspc.exe' for IBM PC or `bin\demacs98.exe' for PC-9801 series. You should use one of them with renameing to `demacs.exe'. Since `go32.exe' which came along with the package of DJ's GCC/G++ version 1.05 can not handle `Ctrl-C' properlly, we modified it to work correctly. And we made some changes to be able to handle more DOS function call, and enhanced its memory management strategy (detail, see below). Installation procedure is quite easy. 1. If your system is IBM PC variant (including AX and J-3100 series), copy `bin/demacspc.exe' to the directory in PATH with its name `demacs.exe'. If your system is NEC PC-9801 or EPSON PC-386 series, copy `bin/demacs98.exe' to the directory in PATH with its name `demacs.exe'. 2. Copy `bin\demacs' in the same directory with `demacs.exe'. 3. Create `lisp' and `etc' directory in `\lib\emacs' directory. 4. If you want to use lisp library, get original lisp files from somewhere and copy them in `\lib\emacs\lisp' directory. Then unpack `lisp.lzh' in `\lib\emacs' directory. 5. Unpack `etc.lzh' in `\lib\emacs' directory. 6. Set TERM environment variable for your system (See following example). 7. Set TERMCAP variable if `termcap' file is not stay under `\etc'. 8. Prepare your `_emacs' (`.emacs' on Unix system) under your HOME directory if you need it. Sample Session to Install ========================= C> copy bin\demacspc.exe \tools\bin\demacs.exe (IBM PC, AX, J-3100) C> copy bin\demacs \tools\bin or C> copy bin\demacs98.exe \tools\bin\demacs.exe (PC-9801, PC-386) C> copy bin\demacs \tools\bin C> mkdir \lib\emacs C> mkdir \lib\emacs\lisp C> mkdir \lib\emacs\etc C> copy lisp.lzh \lib\emacs C> copy etc.lzh \lib\emacs C> cd \lib\emacs C> lharc x /mx lisp.lzh C> lharc x /mx etc.lzh C> del lisp.lzh C> del etc.lzh C> set TERM=ibmpc (IBM PC) or set TERM=j3100 (J-3100) or set TERM=pc98 (PC-9801, PC-386) C> set TERMCAP=c:\etc\termcap (IBM PC, J-3100) or set TERMCAP=a:\etc\termcap (PC-9801, PC-386) C> set HOME=c:\home (your startup file '_emacs' is placed) Invocation ********** Environment Variables ===================== `C>set GO32TMP=c:/tmp' directory where swapped files are placed (see DJGCC's readme). `C>set TERM=ibmpc' entry name of `termcap'. `C>set TERMCAP=c:/etc/termcap' directory where `termcap' file are placed. `C>set HOME=c:/home' directory where startup file `_emacs' are placed. `C>set TZ=JST-9' time zone. `C>set USER=manabu' your name up to 8 characters. `C>set EMACSLOADPATH=d:/emacs/lisp' set lisp load path if you don't use standard path `/lib/eamcs/lisp'. `C>set EMACSEXECPATH=d:/emacs/etc' set etc load path if you don't use standard path `/lib/emacs/etc'. `C>set DEMACS_KEEP=1024' amount of extended memory to keep (detail, see below). `C>set SHELL=c:\command.com' your command interpreter path. Options of DOS Extender `demacs.exe' ==================================== `-keep [NUM]' When `demacs.exe' invokes a child process, `demacs.exe' does not swap out contents of the extended memory to a disk. If NUM is specified, `demacs.exe' uses up to NUM killo bytes of extended memory. You should use this option with XMS or VCPI memory manager. If not, may cause violation. More about `-keep' opiton: `demacs.exe' provides virtual memory mechanism. If an application (e.g. Demacs) requires more memory than equipped real memory, `demacs.exe' write out a portion of real memory to a disk in order to make a free memory, then `demacs.exe' assigns the new free memory to the application. This is called "swapping". Swapping does not only happen when real memory shortage, but also happens when `demacs.exe' calls a child process. That is, before execution of the child process, `demacs.exe' swapps out all of allocated memory to a disk so that the child process can use memory. Unfortunatly, swapping takes very long time because Demacs is a huge program. In order to eliminate this swapping time, our `demacs.exe' can take `-keep' option. `-keep' option requests to `demacs.exe' NOT to swap out contents of extended memory (conventional memory (less than 640KB) is always swapped out). In case you use XMS driver such as `himem.sys', since `demacs.exe' obtains all of free extended memory at startup, a child process can not use any extended memory (Remember GCC/G++ requires extended memory). You can reserve extended memory for the child process by following NUM to `-keep', e.g. ``-keep 1024''. NUM which is killo byte unit number limits amount of usage of extended memory by `demacs.exe'. If less amount of extended memory is available than NUM at startup, `demacs.exe' uses all of extended memory. Otherwise in case you use VCPI driver such as `QEMM' or `EMM386', `demacs.exe' gets extended memory on demand basis. ``-keep NUM'' limits amount of extended memory used by `demacs.exe' to NUM killo bytes. The following table shows a brief summary. | swap out | | extended memory | | at fork child | extended memory for child --------------+-------------------+------------------------------ without -keep | YES | all of extended memory at startup -keep | NO | nothing -keep <num> | NO | extended memory at startup - num Too small NUM makes Demacs slower. I recommend to set NUM at least 512. Example (Demacs uses 1024KB extended memory): demacs.exe -keep 1024 NUM can be also specified by DEMACS_KEEP environment variable. If both environment variable and option are specified, option has priority. If you don't need to specify NUM with `-keep' option, specify the value `0' with this environment variable. Options of Demacs ================= Type `demacs [-keep [NUM]] [options]' to invoke Demacs. If you need more information, see "GNU Emacs manual". Features ******** File Type: Text or Binary Translation ===================================== Translation Mode ---------------- On MS-DOS file system, a line is ended with CR (0x0d)/LF (0x0a) characters and a file is ended with `Ctrl-Z' character. But on UNIX file system, a line is ended with only LF character, and end of data meas end of file. Treating "binary files" which contains `Ctrl-Z' characters and for compatibility to UNIX file system, C I/O library on MS-DOS has following two translation mode which control these characters. * Text mode translation * Binary mode translation With text mode translation, on reading, CR/LF code are translated to CR and reading is terminated as soon as `Ctrl-Z' appears. On writing, LF is added to CR and `Ctrl-Z' is added to end of file. With binary mode translation, no code is translated. Demacs supports these two translation mode, and manage them on each buffer. You can find current translation mode of the buffer from file type mnemonic on the mode line. --**-Emacs: demacs.tex (T:Texinfo)--42%--------------- ^ File type mnemonic means `T' Text mode translation. `B' Binary mode translation. We call this translation mode which is managed on each buffer "file type". Demacs Buffer Management ------------------------ File Type of Each Buffer ........................ File type of each buffer is stored on buffer-local `file-type' variable. To set the value of `file-type' use the `set-file-type' function. The default value of `file-type' is the value of `default-file-type' variable. To set its value, use the `set-default-file-type' function. ## Local Variable: file-type `0' Text mode translation. `1' Binary mode translation. ## Command: set-file-type TYPE &optional BUFFER This function sets buffer-local `file-type' variable of BUFFER to TYPE. The argument BUFFER defaults to the current buffer. The value of TYPE is one of followings. `0' or `'text' or `"text"' Specify the buffer's file type to text mode. `1' or `'binary' or `"binary"' Specify the buffer's file type to binary mode. ## Global Variable: default-file-type The value of this grobal bariable is the default value of buffer-local `file-type' variable. ## Command: set-default-file-type TYPE This function sets the value of `default-file-type' variable to TYPE. The value of TYPE is one of followings. `0' or `'text' or `"text"' Specify the buffer's file type to text mode, by default. `1' or `'binary' or `"binary"' Specify the buffer's file type to binary mode, by default. Buffer Creation ............... When creating a new buffer, Demacs set the buffer's local variable `file-type' to the value of the `default-file-type' variable. Reading Files into Demacs Buffers --------------------------------- Using the `define-file-name-file-type' function, you can define file type associated with file name. For example, (define-file-name-file-type "\\.mem$" 'binary) defines that file type of files having extention `.mem' is binary. By default, the files ending with `.elc', `.obj', `.exe', `.com', `.lib', `.sys' (except `config.sys'), `.chk', `.o', `.a' and `.out' are defined as binary file type. This is defined in `demacs.el'. ## Function: define-file-name-file-type FILENAME TYPE This function defines file type associate with file name. FILENAME is regular expression or `nil'. `nil' matches any file anme. TYPE is file type. ## Function: find-file-type-from-file-name FILENAME This function returns file type which associate with FILENAME defined by `define-file-name-file-type' function. If no file type is defined, this returns a value of `default-file-type'. Inserting Files into Buffers ............................ When inserting a file already visiting buffer, Demacs calls the `find-file-type-from-file-name' function with file name of target file as its argument, and set return value to file type of the buffer. Visiting Files and Reading .......................... When visiting a file and reading into a buffer, Demacs calls the `find-file-type-from-file-name' function with file name of target file as its argument, and set return value to file type of the buffer. Creating Files and Visiting ........................... The `find-file-not-found-set-file-type' function is appended to the `find-file-not-found-hooks' variable. This means that `find-file-not-found-set-file-type' is called when the visiting file not exists. This function calls internally the `find-file-type-from-file-name' function with target name as its argument and set return value to file type of the buffer. Writing Buffers into Files -------------------------- When writing a buffer into a file, Demacs set translation mode to file type of the buffer. Process I/O ----------- Demacs communicate with external process (child process) using temporary file. The `default-file-type' variable is used as file type of the buffer which displays result. "8bit clean" Display Mode ========================= Demacs supports so called "8bit clean" display mode, which displays 8bit dirty characters as it is instead of backslashed or arrowed form. If you want use this mode, execute command `toggle-pass8-mode'. You can find in mode line whether the buffer is in "8bit clean" display mode. --**-Emacs: foo.bar (T:Fundamental Pass8)--28%--------------- ^^^^^ To return ordinary display mode, again execute command `toggle-pass8-mode'. If you want create a buffer always in "8bit clean" display mode, place (setq-default pass8-mode t) in your startup file. ## Local Variable: pass8-mode If this variable is `*Non-nil', Demacs displays 8bit dirty characters as it is. Default value is `nil'. ## Command: toggle-pass8-mode Set/Unset the buffer local variable `pass8-mode'. 8086 Software Interrupt ======================= Function `int86' generate 8086 software interrupt. DOS Extender `demacs.exe' not handle all interrupts, so some interrupts are treated as exception and may cause violation. Use this carefully. Use this function like this. int GetDisk () { union REGS regs; regs.h.ah = 0x19; /* 25 */ int86 (0x21 /* 33 */, ®s, ®s); return regs.h.al; } C funtion to get current disk number may write in Demacs as follows: (defun get-disk () (let ((regs (make-register))) (set-register-value regs 'ah 25) ; 0x19 (int86 33 regs) ; 0x21 (register-value regs 'al))) ## Function: make-register Generate instance of register type which is passwd to `int86' function. ## Function: register-value REGISTER NAME Get the value of REGISTER's NAME. NAME is one of followings. `'ax' `ax' register `'bx' `bx' register `'cx' `cx' register `'dx' `dx' register `'si' `si' register `'di' `di' register `'cflag' carry flag `'flags' flag register or `'al' lower byte of `ax' register `'ah' upper byte of `ax' register `'bl' lower byte of `bx' register `'bh' upper byte of `bx' register `'cl' lower byte of `cx' register `'ch' upper byte of `cx' register `'dl' lower byte of `dx' register `'dh' upper byte of `dx' register ## Function: set-register-value REGISTER NAME VALUE Set REGISTER's NAME to VALUE. VALUE is unsigned integer. ## Function: int86 INTNO REGISTER Generate 8086 software interrupt of number INTNO with REGISTER. This returns set of register value. Machine Specified Features ========================== New lisp variable `dos-machine-type' is introduced for support various machines. ## Global Variable: dos-machine-type Set one of `ibmpc', `j3100', `pc98' to select machine specific code. IBM PC ------ If you use IBM PC, evaluate `(setq dos-machine-type 'ibmpc)', then `Ctrl-SPACE' will generate null code and `meta-flag' will works. Toshiba J-3100 -------------- If you have J-3100, evaluate `(setq dos-machine-type 'j3100)', then following functions will be abailable in addition to IBM PC features. set-cursor-mode get-screen-mode set-cursor-mode set-keyclick set-screen-mode See `lisp/dos-fns.el' for more information. NEC PC-9801, EPSON PC-386 ------------------------- If you have PC-9801 or EPSON PC-386, evaluate `(setq dos-machine-type 'pc98)', then following functions will be abailable. pc98-assign-special-key pc98-cancel-special-key See `src/dosfns.c' for more information. Other Demacs Features ===================== 1. Filename Completion Demacs provides filename completion feature. Filename may include drive name in its front. For example, we assume the current directory is `c:/tools/emacs' and there is a file `d:/config.sys', under this condition `C-x C-f' invokes `find-file' function then the function prompts like Find file: c:/tools/emacs/ at this point your typing of `d:/confi' and TAB key causes: a:/tools/emacs/d:confi^I -> d:/config.sys [sole complete] 2. Child Process Function `suspend-emacs' calls sub shell. Try `C-z' and a new command shell is invoked. Function `call-process' calls sub shell like `suspend-emacs' but its stdout is redirected to a temporary file and it will be displayed after completion of the process. Try `M-!'. But don't call programs which require input from keyboard, because Demacs can't response to them. 3. Enhanced Dired This package includes enhanced dired-mode by Sebastian Kremer and their dos ported codes which works without UNIX compatible `ls.exe'. To use this, extract `edired.lzh' to your lisp directory and put lines (setq dired-mode-map nil) (load "emacs-19") (autoload 'dired "dired" nil t) to your startup file (`direddos.elc' is loaded from `dired.elc'). If you have `ls.exe', append (setq dired-load-hook '(lambda () (setq dired-ls-program "ls"))) to your startup file. If you use Demacs with `-keep' option, this configration works faster than former one. You can get more infomation from `dired.README' and its document string. Restrictions ************ * Demacs does not support asyncronous process. Therefore you can not use standard `compile.el', `shell-mode.el' and etc. I think it's too painful, so, customized `compiled.el' and `dired.el' are provided. See lisp directory. * `Ctrl-G' can't generate inturrupt signal. So you can't quit lisp-form like this: (while t ()) You shoud use the following form instead of it. (while (not (input-pending-p)) ()) * Demacs backup filename convension is following. Base backup filename is made from following rule. foo -> foo.~ foo.c -> foo.c~ foo.tex -> foo.te~ Since DOS filename rule (8.3) is too tight, numeric backup such like `foo.c.~2~' can not be used. Similarly auto save filename is made from following rule. abcdefgh -> #abcdefg.# foo.c -> #foo.c# foo.tex -> #foo.te# Similarly, auto-save file name is created. * If you don't configure XMS or VCPI driver and invoke Demacs with `-keep' option, child process Demacs (or go32 application) will *not* work correctly. * If you use VCPI manager and you have less extended memory than 300KB, Demacs will hang up or being to work *VERY* slowly. Plese give Demacs much memory if you met this. Compilation *********** If you wish to recompile Demacs, 'GJ's GCC/G++' (GNU C compiler for DOS) and original Emacs source are required. Diffs to the original Emacs source files are included in `src\diffs.lzh'. Unpack the archive. The files in `diffs.lzh' are not `diff' form but they are full source files, so you need not to apply patch. You may need to alter makefile. Then run `make -f xmakefile all' command. Make generates `temacs' and `demacs'. Caution! just `make' will destroy `xmakefile'. I prepared `xmake.bak' for you. Note that all modifications are embeded by `#ifdef MSDOS' and `#endif MSDOS', so you may follow my modifications easily. Machine specified codes are embedded in similar flags. *.h *.c (C source files) | ------| make | | | V | temacs (plain demacs) and lisp/*.el (lisp source files) | | | | go32 temacs -batch -l loadup.el dump |---->| V xemacs Provided `bin/temacs' enables you to reconfigure demacs without recompilation. After editing lisp sources which are loaded up by `loadup.el', run `go32 temacs -batch -l loadup.el dump'. Terminal Specified Features *************************** If your machine is IBM PC or its compatibles, set environment variable TERM with `ibmpc', then you can use cursor keys and functon keys. The functions which is assigned to those keys are as follows: Key Function ----------+--------------------+----------------- PgUp scroll-up Scroll text upward by page PgDn scroll-down Scroll text downward by page Insert set-mark-command Set mark current cursor position Del delete-backward-char Delete previous character UpArrow previous-line Move cursor vertically up LeftArrow backward-char Move cursor left RightArrow forward-char Move cursor right DownArrow next-line Move cursor vertically down Home beginning-of-buffer Move cursor beginning of buffer End end-of-buffer Move cursor end of buffer F1 help-for-help Show help for help Shift-F1 describe-mode Show help of current mode Ctrl-F1 describe-key Show help of key F2 other-window Select different window Shift-F2 switch-to-buffer Select buffer by name Ctrl-F2 list-buffers Display a list of buffers F3 delete-other-windows Make current window fill the screen Shift-F3 delete-window Remove current window Ctrl-F3 scroll-other-window Scroll text of other window upward by page F4 split-window-vertically Split current window vertically Shift-F4 enlarge-window Make current window bigger Ctrl-F4 shrink-window Make current window smaller F5 split-window-horizontally Split current window horizontally Shift-F5 enlarge-window-horizontally Make current window wider Ctrl-F5 shrink-window-horizontally Make current window narrower F6 copy-region Copy from mark till cursor to yank-buffer Shift-F6 kill-region Cut from mark till cursor to yank-buffer Ctrl-F6 yank Paste yank-buffer to current cursor position F7 goto-line Goto line Shift-F7 isearch-forward Do incremental search forward Ctrl-F7 query-replace Do query replace F8 find-file Edit file Shift-F8 save-buffer Save current buffer Ctrl-F8 write-file Write current buffer into file F9 dired 'Edit' directory Shift-F9 compile Compile the program Ctrl-F9 repeat-complex-command Edit and re-evaluate last command F10 shell-command Execute command Shift-F10 suspend-emacs Call DOS command interpreter Ctrl-F10 save-buffers-kill-emacs Quit Emacs Summary: | F.1 | F.2 | F.3 | F.4 | F.5 | F.6 | F.7 | F.8 | F.9 | F.10 | |help | nextW | delOW |splitWH |splitWV |copy | goto | read |dired |command | s|mode |switchW| delW |largeWH |largeWV |kill |search | save | make |suspend | c|key |buffers|scrlOW |shrnkWH |shrnkWV |yank |replace|write |repeat| quit | If you want to append and/or change the function, use lisp variable `term-setup-hook'. See `lisp/term/ibmpc.el'. If you don't need cursor and function keys, append next line to `$HOME/_emacs': (setq term-file-prefix nil) Differences from UNIX Version ***************************** List of Functions which are not inplemented to Demacs ===================================================== accept-process-output process-list continue-process process-mark delete-process process-name file-locked-p process-send-eof get-buffer-process process-send-region get-process process-send-string interrupt-process process-sentinel kill-process process-status list-processes processp make-symbolic-link quit-process open-network-stream set-process-buffer process-buffer set-process-filter process-command set-process-kanji-code process-exit-status set-process-sentinel process-filter start-process process-id stop-process process-kanji-code waiting-for-user-input-p process-kill-without-query List of Variables which are not inplemented to Demacs ===================================================== delete-exited-processes process-connection-type List of Functions added to Demacs ================================= bdos intdos define-file-name-file-type invoke-find-file-type demacs-version make-register disk-free-space register-value disk-total-space set-cursor-mode file-type-internal set-default-file-type file-type-p set-file-type find-file-not-found-set-file-type set-keyclick find-file-type-from-file-name set-register-value get-cursor-mode set-screen-mode get-screen-mode toggle-pass8-mode int86 List of Functions added to Demacs ================================= default-file-type file-type demacs-version file-type-alist demacs-version-date find-file-type dos-inhibit-setdisk pass8-mode dos-machine-type register-name-by-byte-alist file-name-file-type-alist register-name-by-word-alist