DESCRIPTION: A small loon with a slender uptilted bill. Summer adults with a dark grey head, red throat patch and brown back. Winter birds are dark grey above, whitish below. Uptilted bill separates it from the Common and Pacific Loons. Its small size and slender bill distinguish it from the Yellow Billed Loon.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater ponds and lakes mainly on tundra. In winter favours seacoasts.
NESTING: Two olive and brown eggs in a ground depression or a heap of vegatation. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults almost identical to the Pacific Loon. Summer adults with dark grey head and nape. The throat has a greenish sheen instead of purple as in the Pacific Loon. Has a small straight bill. Back dark with white checkered marks.
RANGE: Western Alaska. └A ≡ADESCRIPTION: A small loon with a straight bill. Summer adults with a dark grey head and nape. The throat is blackish bordered with white streaks. Dark back with white check marks. Winter adults dark grey above, white below. It's straight bill separates it from the Red-throated and Yellow-billed. It is smaller than the Common Loon.
HABITAT: In summer larger freshwater lakes in the north. In migration, coastal areas.
NESTING: Two olive eggs with dark splotches. Nest a lined depression in the ground. ╕A ΦADESCRIPTION: A large loon with a straight bill. Head and neck black, with black and white necklace. Upperparts checkered black and white, belly white. Winter adults darker grey above, white below. All black head separates it from the Red-thoated. Similar to Yellow-billed but with a straight black bill.
HABITAT: In summer, freshwater lakes and rivers. In winter, seacoast and inshore lakes.
NESTING: Two olive-brown eggs with dark splotches. Nest usually a shallow ground depression. αA BDESCRIPTION: Summer adults similar to Common Loon but with slightly uptilted yellowish bill. White spots on the back are fewer and larger. Winter adults similar to Common Loon but cheeks and neck are paler with a dark spot behind the eye.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater lakes, ponds, and rivers. In winter coastal salt waters.
NESTING: Two olive-brown eggs with dark splotches. Nest on ground or in a heap of vegatation. ≡A BDESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black crown, hind-neck, throat and back. Sides of head and foreneck grey. Golden yellow eyes. Slim dark bill. Winter birds have a white throat, and less black on the crown. Shows a large white wing patch in flight.
HABITAT: Usually found in shallow, weedy freshwater habitats in southern Texas. A ADESCRIPTION: A small grebe with a stout bill circled by a black ring. Breeding adults brown overall with a black throat and pale belly. In winter, birds lose black bill and throat turns white. In flight there are no well defined wing patches.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater ponds, marshy bays. In winter, fresh or saltwater bays.
NESTING: 5 to 7 bluish-white eggs stained with buff. Nest a floating structure of vegtation. @A pADESCRIPTION: A small grebe with a short, straight bill. Breeding adults have buffy ear tufts against a black head. Chestnut neck separates it from the Eared Grebe. Winter birds dark crown, nape, and back, contrasts with white throat and breast.Small size, short neck and bill separate it from the Red-necked and Western Grebe.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater ponds, marshy bays. Winter birds prefer inshore salt water.
NESTING: 3 to 8 bluish-white eggs. Nest of soft decayed vegatation, floating or anchored. @A pADESCRIPTION: A large grebe with a long, stout, yellow bill. Summer adults have white cheeks and throat, with chestnut-red neck. Winter adults have grey upper parts and white under parts. Large size and yellow bill separate it from the Horned, Eared, and Pied-billed grebes. Smaller Horned grebe has red neck, black throat and bill.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater lakes or marshes. In winter, inshore coastal salt water.
NESTING: 3 to 8 bluish-white eggs. Nest a mass of aquatic vegatation, floating and anchored. ÉA áADESCRIPTION: A small grebe with a short, slender bill. Summer adults with buffy ear tufts and a black neck. Similar Horned Grebe has a chestnut neck. In winter small size and short slender bill separate it from the Red-necked and Western Grebes. The Pied- billed Grebe has a thicker bill.
HABITAT: In summer, marshy shallow lakes and ponds. In winter, coastal salt water.
NESTING: 3 to 4 bluish or greenish white eggs. Nest a mass of floating, anchored vegatation. @A `ADESCRIPTION: A large grebe with a long, slender neck sharply contrasted in black and white, and a black crown. Long, slender bill is yellowish green and slightly uptilted. Similar to Clark's Grebe but the black of the crown extends below the eyes.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater lakes. In winter, coastal bays, large inland lakes.
NESTING: 3 to 5 bluish white eggs. Nest a mass of floating vegatation, usually anchored. ░A ΦADESCRIPTION: A large grebe with a long, slender neck contrasted in black and white. Very similar to Western Grebe except that theblack crown does not extend below the eyes, and it's bill is yellow-orange.
HABITAT: In summer, freshwater lakes. In winter, coastal bays and large inland lakes.
NESTING: 3 to 5 bluish white eggs. Nest a mass of floating vegatation usually anchored. ░A ΦADESCRIPTION: Head, Body and base of wings white. Rest of wings and tail dark brown. Large size, massive pink bill and pale feet distinctive. Adults have a golden wash on the head. Immatures are all sooty.
HABITAT: Found over the open ocean. Rarely seen from shore. B BDESCRIPTION: A dark bodied albatross, blackish above and paler below. There is a white area around the base of the dark bill. The black feet and dark bill separate it in any plummage from immatures of the Short-tailed albatross. Adults also have white undertail coverts.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. αA BDESCRIPTION: In adults, head, neck, underparts and rump white. Upper surface of wings and back blackish-brown. Tail blackish. Immatures similar to adults. HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. B BDESCRIPTION: Head and neck white, the back of neck and cheeks tinged with grey. Back, upper side of wings, and tail, slaty brown. Underside of wings white with dark border. Rump and under parts white. Bill of adults black with a yellow ridge.
HABITAT: Found over the open ocean. Rarely seen from shore. B BDESCRIPTION: There are two color phases. In the Light Phase, head, neck, and under parts white. Back and upper wings, slate grey. Bill usually yellowish. In Dark Phase, entire plummage smoky grey. Bill dark with a yellow tip. Distinguished from gulls by nostril tubes and stiff winged glide, from shearwaters by thick yellow bill.
HABITAT: The open ocean. At nesting time inhabits cliffs near salt water.
NESTING: One white egg on bare rock, or in a shallow hollow on cliff ledges. ÉA áADESCRIPTION: Heavy-bodied stout billed petrel with a dark cap, white forehead, collar, and tail coverts. White U-shaped band on rump. Wings and back sooty brown. Distinguished from Greater Shearwater by wing shape and white forehead.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. `A ÇADESCRIPTION: Adults with medium grey upper parts. Face white with dark mark through eye. Under parts white with broad mottled grey area covering lower breast and belly. Under side of spread wing white with a distinctive broad black bar across it from mid-base to bend. RANGE: Southern Alaska and Aleutians. PA PADESCRIPTION: Adults dark grey above, white below. Dark bar on upper wing forms a "M" shape. RANGE: Alaska and western coastal states. PA PADESCRIPTION: Gray brown upper parts, white under parts. Bill is yellowish. Similar Greater Shearwater has dark cap, dark bill.
HABITAT: The open ocean usually well off shore. ÿA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts, including sides of face and neck, greyish brown. Under parts mostly white with variable grey mottling. Bill, legs, and feet pale flesh color.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. ÿA áADESCRIPTION: Entire plummage sooty, above and below. Bill flesh coloured with dark tip. Flesh coloured legs and feet distinguishes it from the Sooty shearwater.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. ÿA ÿADESCRIPTION: Upperparts sooty brown. Narrow white band on rump. Brown cap extends below the eyes, sharply contrasting the white cheeks. Bill blackish. Under parts white with a dusky patch on belly. Differs from Cory's Shearwater by white band on rump. Black-capped Petrel has wide bar on underwing.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. ÉA áADESCRIPTION: Gray above with blackish crown. Under parts mainly white. Distinguished in flight by broad blackish M across wings and back. Blackish wedge shaped tail, with grey upper tail coverts.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: Completely dark shearwater with whitish underwing linings. Bill and feet dark. Similar Flesh-footed Shearwater has flesh colored bill, legs and feet. Short Tailed shearwater is smaller with darker underwing linings.
HABITAT: The open ocean and occasionally closer to shore. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Upper parts sooty or blackish including the bill. Under parts slightly paler. It's dark bill separates it from the Flesh-footed Shearwater. Very similar to Sooty Shearwater, only smaller.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. `A `ADESCRIPTION: Medium size shearwater, blackish above contrasting sharply with white under parts. Cory's and Greater Shearwaters are bigger than the Manx. Manx also has a black bill. HABITAT: The open ocean. Comes to shore for nesting.
NESTING: One white egg in a chamber at the end of a burrow near the sea. @A pADESCRIPTION: Upper parts sooty brown becoming blackish on the rump. Under parts mainly white with a brownish gray wash across sides of neck and breast. Undertail coverts dark brown. HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. @A pADESCRIPTION: Small shearwater with brownish black upper parts, and white under parts. Undertail coverts blackish, legs flesh coloured. HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. @A @ADESCRIPTION: Brownish black overall with broad white band on rump extending to undertail covert. Smaller than Leach's and Band-rumped Storm- Petrels. Has square instead of forked tail. Yellow webs between toes seen at close range.
HABITAT: Usually found over the open ocean. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark upper parts and a dark eyestripe and crown. Face, wing linings, and under parts white. RANGE: Rare off the Atlantic coast. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: A bluish-grey petrel, paler on throat and undertail coverts. Has distictive forked tail and no white rump patch. HABITAT: The open ocean, breeds on coastal islands.
NESTING: One white egg at the end of a shallow burrow, or in a rock crevice. A ADESCRIPTION: Blackish brown upperparts, with a white rump patch and forked tail. Wilson's Storm Petrel has a squarer tail, and yellow webs between toes. HABITAT: The open ocean. Breeds on coastal islands.
NESTING: One white egg in a chamber at the end of a shallow burrow. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-gray overall, darkest on crown and leading wing edges. Ashy-grey on the underside of the wings and the head. Distinguished from Black Storm-Petrel by shallow, fluttery wing beats and paler appearance.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Similar to Leach's Storm-Petrel but with a less forked tail and a broad white rump band that extends to and scross the under parts. RANGE: Rare off Atlantic coast. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-brown overall, with a long forked tail. Upper wings with a pale bar. Larger size and graceful wing strokes separate it from the Leach's Storm-Petrel.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Very small, completely dark above and below. Has a short tail.
RANGE: Southern California coast. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults mainly white with distinctive black stripes on the wings and black wing tips. Has a long white streaming tail. Yellowish bill.
HABITAT: The open ocean. ≡A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Adults mainly white with heavy black streaking on upper parts. Has black wing tips and a long streaming tail. Reddish bill.
HABITAT: The open ocean. B BDESCRIPTION: Adults white overall, with black wings and tail. The wings with a large white patch. Long yellow bill, and black facial skin. The similar Northern Gannet has a white tail and a dark bill.
HABITAT: The open ocean. coastal islands. ╪A BDESCRIPTION: Adults with dark upper parts with a white rump and nape. Pale head with long dark streaks. Thick, pointed dark bill. Under parts are white. Feet are bright blue.
HABITAT: Coastal oean waters.
B BDESCRIPTION: Dark phase is brown with a white rump and tail. White phase is white with black primaries and secondaries. Both species have bright red feet.
HABITAT: Found in the open ocean, coastal islands. αA αADESCRIPTION: Head, neck, chest and upper parts dark brown contrasting sharply with white under parts and wing linings. Bill and feet yellowish. West coast populations have white head and neck.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal waters. ≡A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Adults are large white birds with the wings tipped with black. Straight pointed bill and pointed tail make it looked pointed at both ends when in flight. May have a golden wash on the head.
HABITAT: Coastal salt water near rocky islands.
NESTING: One egg in a nest of seaweed on the ledge of cliffs. B BDESCRIPTION: A large white pelican with a long orange bill. Wings are tipped with black. Flies with neck doubled back against shoulders. The Whooping crane, Snow Goose, and Gannet are similar large white birds but they fly with their necks outstretched.
HABITAT: In summer freshwater lakes. In winter the seacoast and freshwater lakes.
NESTING: Two white eggs in a shallow ground depression, lined with vegatation. \B îBDESCRIPTION: A large pelican shaped bird. Breeding adults have a white head and neck, yellow on top. Back of neck is dark chestnut, upper parts are brown. Winter adults are similar except that all of neck is white. HABITAT: Frequents coastal bays and lagoons. 0B XBDESCRIPTION: Upper parts brownish-black. Yellow throat pouch bordered in white. Breeding adults have white flank patches. The bill is long, slender and slightly hooked. The smaller Double-crested Cormorant has no white patch and an orange throat pouch.
HABITAT: Coastal salt water. Rests on coastal islands, rocks, cliffs, and sandbars.
NESTING: 3 to 4 bluish eggs in a pile of seaweed and sticks, on cliff ledges. B BDESCRIPTION: Adults mainly greenish-black. Large orange throat pouch. Breeding adults have two tufts of feathers curving back behind the eyes. They are black in eastern races, white in the west. Legs and feet are black. Great Cormorant has a yellow throat pouch. HABITAT: Freshwater lakes and rivers, estuaries, coastal salt water.
NESTING: 3 to 4 greenish-blue eggs, in a nest of sticks, seaweeds and debris. ΦA BDESCRIPTION: Adults primarily blackish in colour with a dull yellow throat pouch. Breeding birds glossier, with the throat pouch showing a pale border. Short white plumes on the side of the head. The similar Double-crested Cormorant is larger, has a shorter tail, and lacks the pale border around the throat pouch.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes. ╕A ΦADESCRIPTION: Adults usually black with greenish or bluish iridescence. Throat pouch blue. In breeding, long white plumes on sides of head and neck. No head tufts or crests. Blue throat pouch and lack of white flank patch separate it from other cormorants.
HABITAT: Coastal salt water. Nesting and roosting on rocky islands.
NESTING: Four bluish-white eggs in a nest of seaweed,moss and grass. αA BDESCRIPTION: Adults mainly black and glossy, with a dark bill. Breeding adult has a crest on the crown and forehead, white plumes on the side of the neck, and a white patch on the flanks. Red-faced Cormorant has a yellow bill, smaller than the Brandt's. Double-crested Cormorant has a yellow throat pouch.
HABITAT: Coastal salt water. Rests on sandbars, rocky islands, and cliffs.
NESTING: 3 to 4 pale bluish eggs in a nest of sticks, seaweed, and moss. ╚A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Adults with glossy black upper parts and dull brown wings. Bluish throat pouch, and reddish facial skin. Breeding adult has a large white patch on the flanks, white plumes on the side of the neck. The yellow bill separates it from the very similar Pelagic Cormorant. HABITAT: Alaskan coastal cliffs and rocky islands. °A BDESCRIPTION: Adults black with a greenish gloss. Grayish white streaking on the back and wings. Wing coverts are white. Females similar but head, neck and breast brownish. Both have a long slender neck with an unhooked long, sharp bill. Can often be seen perching with wings outstretched.
HABITAT: Freshwater ponds, rivers, marshes, and swamps.
B BDESCRIPTION: Adult male black with bronze or purplishish gloss. Long hooked bill with orange throat pouch. Long forked tail. Females similar except for white on breast and upper belly. Large size, narrow wings, and forked tail distinguish it from other birds. Does not swim or sit on water.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal waters. B 4BDESCRIPTION: Upper parts yellowish brown with black neck streaks. Yellow streak over the eye. Throat whitish with a brown stripe down centre. Under parts yellowish white streaked with brown. Bill yellowish. Legs and feet greenish yellow. Dark wing feathers shown in flight.
HABITAT: Fresh and salt marshes, swamps and wet thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 6 olive brown eggs on a platform formed of marsh vegatation. └A BDESCRIPTION: Small heron with black crown, back and tail. Back of neck and wing coverts are chestnut. Lower wing coverts are buffy. Under parts pale buff, throat white. Female is similar except that the black parts are more browner. Bill yellow, legs greenish.
HABITAT: Frequents freshwater marshes and ponds.
NESTING: 4 to 5 bluish-white eggs in a structure of marsh vegatation. 0A `ADESCRIPTION: A large heron with greyish blue upper parts. Black stripe on either side of white head. Foreneck is streaked with black. Long straight bill yellow. Under parts streaked with black and white. The Sandhill Crane is unstreaked and grey. In flight herons carry neck doubled back with head against the shoulders; cranes with neck outstretched.
HABITAT: Lakes, ponds, rivers, salt and freshwater marshes.
NESTING: Four greenish-blue eggs on a flat structure of sticks, usually in a tall tree. ,B PBDESCRIPTION: A large white heron with a long, yellow bill. Adults primarily white with black legs and feet. During breeding long white plumes down back, beyond the tail. Snowy Egrets and Little Blue Herons are also white but are smaller with dark bills. The Cattle Egret is white with a yellow bill but is much smaller.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, swamps, and mud flats.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale bluish-green eggs in a nest of sticks, usually in a tree. B (BDESCRIPTION: A small white heron with black bill, black legs and yellow feet. In breeding, adult has white plumes on head, neck and back. Differs from immature Little Blue Heron by all black bill, and in size by Great Egret.
HABITAT: Salt and Freshwater marshes, ponds, and swamps. áA ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults primarily slaty blue. Head, back, and neck support long plumes. Legs and feet black, bill black at tip, bluish at base. Similar to Green- backed Heron but the latter has yellow legs and is somewhat smaller. Immature similar to Snowy Egret, but its bill and legs are different. Purple head during breeding.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater marshes, ponds and lakes. áA ΦADESCRIPTION: Uper parts mainly bark blue, contrasting with white under parts and foreneck. Long, slender yellow bill. Lower back and rump whitish however this is obscured by long brownish plumes during breeding season.
HABITAT: Saltwater marshes. ╚A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with bluish-grey body and legs, a rufous head with shaggy plumes. Bill pink with a black tip. White phase bird is white all over with bluish-grey legs. Bill pink with a black tip. The similar Snowy Egret and Little Blue Heron have different coloured legs and bills.
HABITAT: Saltwater marshes and coastal lagoons. ╪A BDESCRIPTION: A small stocky white heron with buffy plumes on crown, back, and lower neck. Bill is reddish orange, legs dull red. Separated from Snowy Egret and Little Blue Heron by red bill, from the Great Egret by its smaller size.
HABITAT: Prefers open grasslands, also marshes.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale green or blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grasses in brush or low in a tree. ÿA áADESCRIPTION: Adults have greenish black crown, sides of head and neck chestnut. Throat white, belly bluish grey, legs and feet yellow. Remaining upper parts glossy green mixed with grey.
HABITAT: Sluggish streams, ponds, and marshes with woodland cover.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish eggs in a structure of sticks, usually 3 to 6m up a tree. ÇA ░ADESCRIPTION: Adults stocky with heavy neck and short legs. Crown and back black with a greenish gloss. Forehead white. Neck, wings, rump and tail grey. Bill blackish, legs and feet yellow to reddish. This Heron often alights in trees.
HABITAT: Salt and freshwater marshes, mudflats, edges of lakes, ponds, and streams. ╕A αADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-black upper parts, black face with white cheeks, black bill. Acquires white plumes on crown during breeding season. Under parts grey, legs and feet yellow. Crown tinged with yellow. HABITAT: Found in swamps and marshes.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale bluish-green eggs in a nest of sticks, usually in trees or bushes. ░A αADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults completely white with a long, slender downcurved bill. Bill, legs, and facial skin orange to red in colour. Immatures have brownish head , neck, and back streaked with white. Rump, breast and abdomen white. Wood Stork similar to adults but with a black bill, tail, and flight feathers.
HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes and swamps. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults mainly chestnut in colour with green or purple gloss on crown, back, rump, tail, and wings. Long, slender, downcurved brownish-olive bill. Skin around and in front of eye bare. Closely resembles the White-faced Ibis, but the latter has a narrow white margin around facial skin.
HABITAT: Freshwater and saltwater marshes. ░A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults mainly chestnut with a green and purplish iridescence on crown, back, rump, wings, and tail. Bill is long, slender and downcurved. White border around red facial skin distinguishes it from the Glossy Ibis. Bill, legs, and eyes reddish in colour. HABITAT: Freshwater marshes. ░A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with pinkish wings and back, a large reddish streak on the upper wings. Upper back, breast and neck white. The head is unfeathered, pale greenish-white. Legs bright pink. Large flat-shaped bill is distinctive.
HABITAT: Freshwater and saltwater marshes. ≡A BDESCRIPTION: A large heron-like bird. Adults primarily white with bald greyish head, black flight feathers. Long, stout bill, downcurved near the tip. Black tail. Flies with neck outstretched like a crane, shows black on wing. HABITAT: Prefers swampy areas and coastal shallows. B 4BDESCRIPTION: Adults pink overall with a large downcurved bill tipped with black. Long neck and legs. HABITAT: Prefers coastal marshes.and tidal shallows. B HBDESCRIPTION: Adults plain cinnamon in colour with a reddish brown crown, and a blackish line down the back of the neck. Front and side of neck white, streaked with brown. Wing coverts chestnut, white stripes on flanks. Back and wings dark brown with rusty tips. Upper tail coverts creamy white, bill and legs grayish.
HABITAT: Found in freshwater marshes. áA áADESCRIPTION: Adults with a chestnut back, breast and lower neck. Upper neck and face grey with a white eye ring. Bill orangish-red. Lower breast and belly black. Legs red or pink. White wing patch conspicuous in flight. The Fulvous Whistling-Duck does not have a black belly or reddish bill.
RANGE: Ponds and marshes in southern Arizona and Texas.
ÿA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Adults primarily all white with black bill, legs and feet. Bare skin in front of eye black sometimes with a yellow spot. Smaller than similar Trumpeter Swan. HABITAT: During migration favours lakes, rivers, and fields. In summer, marshy lakes and ponds.
NESTING: 3 to 5 creamy white eggs, in a mound of moss or grass near the water. @B \BDESCRIPTION: Adults completely white. Large yellow patch on bill extends to nostrils.
RANGE: Shallow freshwater ponds and lakes, coastal marshes of the Aeutians. pB pBDESCRIPTION: Adults large birds primarily white with black bill. Bare skin in front of eye black. Swans fly with their necks outstretched. Larger in size than the similar Tundra Swan.
HABITAT: Lakes, rivers, sometimes grain fields. In winter, also coastal river mouths.
NESTING: 5 to 8 dull white eggs on a bulky platform of aquatic vegatation, lined with down. XB äBDESCRIPTION: Adults primarily white . Prominent black knob at base of an orange bill. Often holds neck in a S curve. Bill distinguishes it from other swans. The Tundra Swan is smaller with a black bill. HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes. hB hBDESCRIPTION: Greyish-brown goose with plain under parts. Similar to immature Greater White-fronted Goose but with orangish legs and a dark bill with a yellow band near the tip.
RANGE: Rare spring migrant in western Aleutians and in western Alaska.
HABITAT: °A °ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts primarily greyish brown. White face patch at base of bill. Breast and belly greyish with black barring. Legs and feet orange. HABITAT: During breeding, lakes, mudflats, streams. In migration, lakes, ponds and grainfields.
NESTING: 4 to 6 creamy white eggs in a nest of moss and grass, lined with down. ╨A ≡ADESCRIPTION: White phase adults primarily white with black wing tips. Bill pink, legs and feet reddish. Often rust stained on head, neck. Blue phase adult has white head and neck often rust stained. Back is brown, upper wing coverts bluish grey. Primaries and secondaries black. Under parts variable white to brownish grey.
HABITAT: In migration, marshes, lakes, grainfields. In summer, ponds, lakes, streams.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs on a ground nest composed of moss and vegatation, lined with down. ╚A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Adults mainly white with black wing tips. No black patch on side of bill. Smallestgoose, about the size of a large duck.
HABITAT: In migration, lakes, ponds, and fields. In summer, freshwater lakes and marshes.
NESTING: 2 to 9 dull white eggs, in a scrape in the ground, or in a mound of moss and grass. ¿A ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults have a white hind neck and head. Throat and foreneck black. Breast, back, and sides bluish-grey with black barring. Tail white, bill pinkish or purplish with a whitish tip. Legs and feet orange-yellow. RANGE: Coastal marshes in Alaska and Pacific states. B BDESCRIPTION: Adults have black head, neck, chest and foreneck, contrasting sharply with brownish grey belly and sides. Narrow white crescent on either side of neck. Rump and tail black, tail coverts white, bill and legs black. Similar to Canada Goose except that it lacks the white cheeks.
HABITAT: In migration, saltwater bays, mudflats, and rocky shores. In summer tundra lakes, coasts.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs in a ground depression or in a mound of moss, lined with down. ╕A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Head mainly white with a black bar extending from eye to base of bill, the black of neck reaching up over nape and hind-crown. Neck , breast, rump and tail black. Upper and under tail coverts white. Bill, legs and feet black. Suggests a small Canada Goose but with a conspicuous white forehead.
RANGE: Breeds in northeastern Greenland, accidental vagrant in maritime provinces. ╪A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults head and neck black with large white patch on each cheek. Upper parts of body and wings greyish-brown, lower belly and under tail coverts white. Bill and legs black. Brant are similar but lack the white cheeks and have a narrow white collar on the black neck.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs in a ground depression, lined with down. ░A BDESCRIPTION: Variable colours ranging from all black to all white. Black species have a white wing patch. Short legs and large feet with sharp claws.
HABITAT: Edges of streams, ponds and marshes. αA αADESCRIPTION: Male with an iridescent green or blue head. White lines above and behind eye. Back, tail and upper tail coverts bronze-green. Chin and neck white, chestnut breast, sides buff. Bill yellow, orange and black. Legs yellow. Female has brownish-grey head with a green gloss. Throat white, breast and flanks brown, belly white. Legs and feet yellow.
HABITAT: Woodland lakes, ponds, and streams. marshes.
NESTING: 8 to 15 whitish eggs in a hollow trunk or limb of a tree. êA áADESCRIPTION: Male has a dark chestnut head with a green ear patch, outlined in white. Distinguished from other ducks by its small size and distinctive markings. It has no blue patch on the forewing. The female is mottled brown above with white undertail coverts.
HABITAT: Freshwater ponds, marshes, shallow edges of lakes. In migration shallow coastal waters.
NESTING: 10 to 12 white to pale olive eggs in a nest on the ground concealed with vegatation. pA pADESCRIPTION: Adult upper parts mainly brown with a purple wing patch bordered in black. Head brownish-grey with dark crown , nape, and eye stripe. Wing linings white. Males bill is yellow, females is olive. HABITAT: In summer, lakes, ponds, marshes, fields. During migration, salt and freshwater.
NESTING: 6 to 12 creamy white eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, lined with down. ¿A └ADESCRIPTION: Adults with a buffy-brown head, the throat mottled with brown. Remaining plummage is brown mottled with buff and black. Has a yellow bill. The speculum is greenish bordered in black. Closely resembles the female Mallard. The American Black Duck is darker overall with a purple speculum.
HABITAT: Frequents lakes, ponds, rivers, marshes. ÿA áADESCRIPTION: Male in breeding has a green head and neck, narrow white collar, chestnut lower neck and breast. Violet speculum bordered both sides with a white bar. Bill greenish yellow, legs orange. In summer like female. Female has upper parts dark brown, head buffy with dark crown and eyestripe. Under parts buffy and streaked. Violet speculum.
HABITAT: Lakes, ponds, rivers, marshes, coastal salt water in winter, grainfields.
NESTING: 8 to 12 greenish to white eggs in a nest of grass, reeds, and leaves, lined with down. ÿA ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults brown overal with black spots on the flanks and under parts. Sharply defined white cheeks and throat against the brown head and hindneck. Blue
bill has a red spot near the base. Green speculum bordered with buff.
RANGE: Southern Florida and Gulf coast. êA êADESCRIPTION: The males brown head and neck contrast sharply with white under parts. White line extends up neck near ear. Upper parts grey. Two long, black tail feathers. Bill greyish. Speculum green or purple bordered with black, white and chestnut. The female has a buffy head and neck, upper parts brown, under parts whitish.
NESTING: 7 to 10 eggs in a nest hidden in vegatation, usually near the water. ╨A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Similar to the Bue-winged Teal with blue upper wing coverts. Under parts have a dark breast contrasting with a lighter belly. Has grey legs. The male Blue-winged Teal has a white crescent on the face and yellow legs. HABITAT: Western Aleutians.
HABITAT: pA pADESCRIPTION: Male in breeding has head and upper neck grey with a white crescent in front of eye. Back, rump, and tail brown. Forewing light blue, bordering white stripe and green speculum. Under parts brown with black spots. White patch at base of tail. The female is primarily brown with a grey head and neck, belly white. Blue forewing.
HABITAT: Freshwater ponds, lakes, marshes, rivers. Not usually found on salt water.
NESTING: 9 to 12 buffy white eggs in a nest hidden in vegatation, usually near the water. `A ÇADESCRIPTION: Male has cinnamon head, neck and upper parts. Crown blackish. Forewing blue with green speculum bordered with black. Under tail coverts blackish. Legs and feet dull orange, bill blackish. Abdomen dusky brown. Female has a greyish head and neck with dusky crown and eyestripe. Upper parts, sides and breast brown. Blue forewing.
HABITAT: Shallow freshwater lakes, sloughs and streams.
NESTING: 10 to 12 whitish to pinkish-buff eggs in a nest on the ground. A ÇADESCRIPTION: Male has a dark green head and neck with a contrasting white breast. Brown back, blue forewing, green speculum. Abdomen, and flanks chestnut. Rump and tail blackish. The female has a streaked greyish-buff head and neck. Dusky crown. Back, rump and and tail dark brown. Wing similar to male. Both sexes have a long spatulate bill.
HABITAT: Shallow freshwater lakes, marshes, and potholes.
NESTING: 10 to 12 eggs in a nest of grass and similar material, lined with down. êA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Male has dark grey head and neck. Back dark grey edged in yellowish brown. Black tail coverts. Chestnut patch on wings, speculum white bordered by black. Breast brownish black with grey sides. Legs and feet yellow. Female has grey head and neck. Remaining parts mottled brown. Wings like male but with less chestnut. Belly white.
HABITAT: In summer, shallow lakes with vegatation, and grainfields.
NESTING: 10 to 12 creamy white eggs in a nest on the ground lined with down. ÉA ░ADESCRIPTION: Male has a rusty head and neck with a creamy crown. Upper parts grey with pale brown breast. Black tail, bill blue-grey. Female has mostly brown upperparts and a black speculum. Breast and sides reddish brown, belly white. Head reddish buffy. Female American Wigeon similar but with a greyer head. Male head marks distinctive.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes. êA áADESCRIPTION: Male with a conspicuous white crown. Broad green patch from eye to nape; rest of head creamy speckled with black. Upper parts light brown, forewing with large white patch. Breast brown, belly white. Female has a creamy head and neck streaked with dusky. Lacks white crown. Back greyish brown. Speculum black, belly white.
NESTING: 7 to 12 creamy white eggs in a nest on the ground of grass and weeds, lined with down. ÉA ░ADESCRIPTION: Similar to the Canvasback but dark bill has a grey center band. Adult male with a chestnut head and a black breast. Back and sides light grey. Rump and tail black.
RANGE: Western Aleutians. ÉA ÉADESCRIPTION: Male with head and neck chestnut, blackish on crown. Black breast, rump, tail coverts contrast sharply with white belly. Back and sides brownish grey, eye red, bill blackish. Female with a buffy brown head and neck and a dark crown. Upper breast dark brown, side and flanks paler, belly white. In both sexes forehead slopes to long, black bill.
HABITAT: In summer deeper marshes and lakes with vegatation. In migration coastal bays, lakes.
NESTING: Average of 10 eggs in a large structure of marsh vegatation, lined with down. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: The male head and upper neck chestnut. Black breast, rump, and tail coverts. Back and sides greyish, bill pale blue with a white ring behind black tip. Eye yellow. The female is primarily brown with a pale area bordering the bill. Whitish belly. Male resembles Canvasback but the latter has a long, sloping forehead and paler back.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds and marshes. In migration favours brackish coastal water.
NESTING: Average 9 eggs in a mass of vegatation lined with down. êA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male has a peaked head black with glossy purple and green. Back, rump, coverts, tail and breast black, belly white. Sides grey with a white crescent behind breast. Bill slate with a white band near base and tip. Eye yellow, speculum pearl grey. Adult female is primarily brown with pale head, dark crown, white eye ring and stripe.
NESTING: 6 to 14 eggs in a nest of marsh vegatation, lined with down. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: Adult male has glossy purple head and neck. Rounded head with drooping crest separates it from the similar Ring-Necked Duck. Black breast, back, and tail contrast with the white sides. Slate bill has black tip, white ring . Adult female is primarily blackish-brown above, brownish on breast and sides. Lack white eye and bill ring of Ring-necked.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, ponds and bays. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: The males head, neck, breast, and tail is black contrasting with white sides. Back whitish streaked with thin black lines. Eyes yellow, bill grey with black tip. Female has a dark brown head with white area at base of bill. Back, rump, and tail dark brown, sides light brown, belly white. Slightly larger than similar Lesser Scaup.
HABITAT: Lakes, ponds, and rivers. In migration, coastal waters, large freshwater lakes.
NESTING: 8 to 10 eggs in a hollow in the ground, lined with vegatation and down. êA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Male has a black head, neck, breast and rump. Head with purple gloss. Greyish back white sides and belly. Eye yellow, bill bluish grey with black tip. Female is dark brown with whitish area at base of bill. Upper breast, sides and flanks greyish brown. Male slightly smaller than Greater Scaup, has purplish head.
HABITAT: Lakes and ponds. In migration, small lakes, ponds, and coastal bays.
NESTING: 8 to 12 olive-buff eggs in a hollow on dry ground, lined with grass and feathers. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: Top of males head black with a white median stripe. Rest of head white with a greenish wash on nape. Neck, breast, back, and forewing white. Tail coverts, belly, and sides black. Bill in spring, orangish. Female has a brown head with a dark crown. Upper parts brownish black, breast and sides buffy, belly sooty brown.
HABITAT: Low lying rocky coasts, small rocky lakes, islands. Sometimes on freshwater.lakes.
NESTING: 4 to 6 olive-buff eggs on the ground or in a depression, lined with down. áA ╨ADESCRIPTION: Male has top of head, nape, and sides of neck pale bluish-grey. Greenish patch on cheeks bordered by white line. Breast white with a pink tinge. Back, sides, tail coverts black. Legs and feet yellowish to orange. Adult female is primarily brown with black V-shaped markings on sides. Dark crown, light brown head and neck.
HABITAT: Tundra freshwater lakes, ponds and streams. In migration, large lakes, coastal areas.
NESTING: 3 to 6 eggs in a nest on the ground, hidden among vegatation, lined with down. ¿A └ADESCRIPTION: Male has a green head with a large white area surrounding the eye, resembling spectacles. Black under parts extend across breast to base of neck. White throat, back. Adult female primarily brownish with black streaking. Pale brown patch surrounding eye. Bill is blue-grey, male bill is orange.
HABITAT: Coastal tundra, lakes and ponds. áA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male has a white head and upper neck with greenish head tufts. Black eye patch, throat, rump, tail, and tail coverts. Cinnamon-buff on breast and sides. Speculum blue with white border. Bill greyish-blue. Adult female is blackish-brown with pale eye ring, blue speculum bordered in white. This is our smallest eider.
HABITAT: Rocky coasts, in tundra areas. êA ÉADESCRIPTION: Male has head and neck dark blue, with a white crescent at base of bill, another white patch down side of neck. Narrow white collar. Back and breast slate-blue, sides chestnut. White bar on side of breast. Tail black, slender and pointed. Bill bluish. The female in spring has dark brown upper parts, three white patches on head.
HABITAT: Coastlines, rocky shores and islands, During breeding, near swift rivers and streams.
NESTING: 4 to 7 eggs in a nest on the ground, often in a clump of bushes. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: Winter male has white head and neck, with dark brown patch behind eye. Back, rump, and breast brown, sides and belly white, long pointed tail. In summer, head and neck are brown, large grey patch on side of head. Winter female has head white, dark crown, brown back, white sides. In summer, mostly brown with dark patch behind eye.
HABITAT: Tundra lakes and ponds in summer. Rest of year coastal waters, large lakes, rivers.
NESTING: 6 to 8 eggs in a depression on the ground, often among grass or dwarf willow. êA └ADESCRIPTION: Male is primarily black with orange-yellow knob at base of black bill. Legs blackish. Female has dark brown crown and nape, the rest of head greyish. Upper parts sooty brown, under parts lighter. Bill blackish. Male the only scoter without a white patch on wing or head. Female has greyish cheeks. White-winged Scoter has white wing patch.
HABITAT: Coastal waters, freshwater lakes, large rivers. Rarely on shore except for nesting.
NESTING: 6 to 10 eggs in a depression on the ground, lined with grass and down. êA ░ADESCRIPTION: Male black with white triangle on forehead and nape. Bill is orange, white, with a dark spot. White eye, reddish legs. The female has a blackish crown, two white areas below eye. Nape greyish, upper parts dark brown, lighter underneath. Brown eye. Surf Scoter does not have a white wing patch like the White-winged Scoter.
HABITAT: Coastal waters,freshwater lakes and rivers. Rarely comes to land except for nesting.
NESTING: 5 to 7 eggs in a depression in the ground, lined with grass and down. ÿA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male is primarily black, with a white spot extending back from the eye. White wing patch. Bill has black base, bordering red and orange. The female has a blackish head and neck with two vague white patches, one on the ear, one near the front of the eye. Rest of plummage sooty brown. White wing patch.
HABITAT: Coastal areas, freshwater lakes and rivers. Rarely comes to land except for nesting.
NESTING: 6 to 16 pale pink eggs in a depression on the ground, lined with grass and down. ÿA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male head and upper neck black with green and purple gloss. Large round white spot behind base of bill. Back, rump, upper tail coverts black. Lower neck, sides, and breast white. Eyes, legs and feet yellow. Female head brown, neck with white collar. Back, scapulars grey, rump blackish. White of wing less extensive than in male.
HABITAT: Woodland lakes, muskeg ponds. In migration, coastal areas, freshwater lakes and rivers.
NESTING: 6 to 15 bluish green eggs in a tree hollow, or large woodpecker hole. ÇA áADESCRIPTION: Male has a black head and upper neck with a purple gloss. Large white crescent behind base of bill. Back, rump, upper tail coverts black. Breast, sides white . Not as much white in wing as the Common Goldeneye. Female has a brown head. The back is bluish grey. Upper breast grey. Belly and speculum white. Darker head than Common Goldeneye.
HABITAT: Lakes, ponds, rivers. In migration coastal areas, estuaries, and lakes.
NESTING: 6 to 15 bluish-green eggs in a tree hollow, or a hole in a rock. ÇA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Male has head with green or purple gloss. Large white patch on back of head. Neck, breast, and sides white. Upper parts black. White wing patch separates it from teals. Female head and neck dark greyish brown. Back, rump, wings dark brown. Wings have a white patch. Sides grey, breast and belly white. Darker head than Common Goldeneye.
HABITAT: During breeding, ponds and lakes. Other seasons, coastal bays, freshwater lakes.
NESTING: 7 to 10 eggs in a tree hollow lined with down and feathers. @A pADESCRIPTION: Adult male mainly white with a dark patch from the eye to the base of the bill. Has a black middle back, black and white crest, and two narrow dark lines up the side of the breast. The female has a pure white cheeks and throat sharply contrasted against the chestnut-red head. Back, breast and flanks grey, belly white. White wing patches conspicuous in flight. Small duck-like bill.
RANGE: Aleutians. Accidental on east and west coasts, Great Lakes. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: Male head and neck black with triangular white patch on head. Back black, breast and belly white(black stripe on breast), sides and flanks reddish brown. Slender black bill. Head crested in both sexes. Female is primarily brown, darker on back. White wing patch and belly. Crested head. Slender bill separates male from Bufflehead.
HABITAT: Freshwater ponds, lakes and rivers. In migration similar areas, rarely saltwater.
NESTING: 5 to 12 eggs found in a hole in a tree. ÇA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male has head and neck blackish with green gloss. Upper back and scapulars black. Under parts white. Rump grey, red slender bill. Female has rusty crested head and neck. Upper parts grey, under parts white. Male similar to Red-breasted Merganser but lacks crest. Female has neck sharply cut off from breast, and a white throat.
HABITAT: Primarily freshwater lakes and rivers. In winter freshwater areas, rarely salt water.
NESTING: 8 to 12 creamy white eggs, usually in a hole in a tree. ¿A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Male has crested head and black neck with a green gloss. White neck collar and belly. Back and scapulars black. Wing black and white. Breast pale cinnamon. Eye, bill red. Female has a crested head and a cinnamon brown neck blending into white. Upper parts grey, under parts white. Female similar to Common Merganser .
HABITAT: In breeding salt and freshwater bays, lakes. and rivers. In migration coastal areas.
NESTING: 7 to 12 eggs in a ground depression, lined with grasses and down. áA ╚ADESCRIPTION: Male with top of head and nape black. Large white cheeks, blue bill. Neck, breast and upper parts chestnut, under parts whitish. Female has pale head with dark brown cap, streak across cheeks. Upper parts primarily dark brown with under parts dusky white. Breeding male recognized by chestnut colour and head markings.
HABITAT: Primarily freshwater lakes and ponds. In migration similar, sometimes saltwater.
NESTING: 5 to 10 dull white eggs, in a concealed mass of marsh vegatation. PA êADESCRIPTION: Upper parts rusty with black spots. Head mainly black with a rusty nape. Under parts buffy. White wing patches conspicuous in flight. Breeding male has a bluish bill.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater ponds, coastal swamps. PA PADESCRIPTION: Bare head and neck mark it as a vulture. Plummage black, in flight shows large white patches at base of primaries. Differs from Turkey Vulture by smaller size, black instead of red head, shorter wings and tail. HABITAT: Usually found over open country. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults have naked head and upper neck, red in colour. Remaining plummage primarily black. Long wings. Black under wing coverts contrast with greyish flight feathers. Glides with wings held in a broad V. Similar black vulture has black head, shorter wings and tail.
HABITAT: Open country, woodlands and farmlands.
NESTING: No nest. Two eggs are laid on the ground among rocks, on cliffs, or in caves. ╨A BDESCRIPTION: A large long winged hawk. Adults has a white head, streaked on crown, with a broad brown stripe from the eye down to back. Rest of upper parts dark brown. Under parts mainly white, some brown streaks on breast. Large size separates it from hawks, white under parts from eagles and vultures. Dives in the water for fish.
HABITAT: Vicinity of lakes, large rivers, and coastal bays.
NESTING: 2 to 4 buffy-white eggs in a large platform of sticks, at various heights in trees. ¿A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Adults mainly dark grey or brown above with a heavy strongly hooked bill. Male under parts are dark barred with grey. Females have a reddish collar and rusty barred under parts. Black and white banded tail. RANGE: Rare in Rio Grande valley. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: A medium sized hawk, with sharply defined black and white pattern. Tail long and deeply forked. Wings and tail solid black except for white under wing coverts. Head, shoulders, and under parts white. Differs from Mississippi and Black-shouldered Kites by deeply forked tail.
HABITAT: Frequents southern wooded swamps. ╕A ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults with pearl grey upper parts, and white under parts. Large black patch on the wings. Long pointed wings, and long white tail. The similar Mississippi Kite has a black tail. HABITAT: Open country and grasslands. pA êADESCRIPTION: Adult male slaty-black overall with white upper and under tail coverts. Tail white with a dark band. Bill orange or red. Female browner overall, heavily streaked underneath. White patch on the throat and forehead.
RANGE: Freshwater marshes in Florida. êA êADESCRIPTION: Adults dark grey above, paler below, with a light grey head. Small black area in front of eye. Unmarked black tail. White wing patch. Black unforked tail separates it from the American Swallow-tailed and Black-shouldered Kites. HABITAT: Found in open woodlands and plains. `A pADESCRIPTION: Adults dark brown with white head, neck and tail. Large yellow bill. Feet yellow. Legs only partly feathered. Takes four years to attain white head and tail. Immatures similar to the Golden Eagle, but do not have feathering down to the toes.
HABITAT: Near lakes, large rivers, and seacoasts.
NESTING: Usually two dull white eggs in a large platform of sticks, usually on a tree top. ≡A BDESCRIPTION: Adults mainly dark brown overall with a white tail. Head paler than the rest of the body.
HABITAT: Found in the Aleutians.
╨A BDESCRIPTION: Male head, neck and upper parts bluish grey with white rump patch. Tail grey, black wing tips. Under parts mainly white. Female upper parts dark brown, white rump. Under parts buffy streaked with brown. In both sexes white rump and owl like facial disc distinctive. Body slim with long wings and tail.
HABITAT: Fields, meadows, salt and freshwater marshes.
NESTING: 4 to 6 bluish-white eggs in a nest of weeds, sticks, and grass, on moist ground. êA └ADESCRIPTION: Adults have dark blue upper parts. Breast and abdomen barred with reddish brown and white. Short rounded wings and long tail mark it as an accipiter. Almost identical to Cooper's Hawk, only smaller. Crown on Cooper's Hawk darker than its back. Similar sized American Kestrel and Merlin have longer, pointed wings.
HABITAT: Woodland and wood edges, bushy clearings in migration.
NESTING: 3 to 6 dull white eggs in a nest of small sticks, in a coniferous tree. A `ADESCRIPTION: Short rounded wings and long tail mark it as an accipiter. Similar to Sharp-shinned Hawk with dark blue upper parts. Breast and belly barred reddish brown and white. Has stouter legs and more rounded tail. Crown dark against lighter head. The Goshawk is larger and heavier with greyish under parts.
HABITAT: Woodland, wood edges, bushy clearings.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-white eggs in a nest of sticks lined with bark, 6 to 18 m up a tree. `A áADESCRIPTION: Short rounded wings and long tail mark it as an accipiter. Adults dark bluish grey above with blackish crown. White eyebrow. Under parts are white with grey barring. Larger than the Sharp-shinned Hawk. Differs from Cooper's Hawk by white eyebrow and grey under parts.
HABITAT: Mixed forests and woodlands; also forest edges and clearings.
NESTING: 2 to 4 bluish-white eggs in a nest of stick lined with bark, 5 to 23 m up a tree. áA ╨ADESCRIPTION: Adults primarily blackish overall. Tail has a broad white band and is white tipped. Legs and base of bill bright yellow. Wings broad and rounded. The similar Zone-tailed Hawk has slimmer wings and the tail has several whitish bands.
HABITAT: Usually found about streamside woodlands in southwestern USA. ░A ░ADESCRIPTION: Adults dark brown overall with a large chestnut patch on the upper wing. Chestnut feathers on upper legs and wing linings. Legs yellow. Black tail with white base and tip. RANGE: Dry open woodlands in southern Texas. ÉA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts and a black tail with white bands. Grey barred underparts and wing linings. Yellow legs. White rump. The similar Broad-winged Hawk has reddish under parts. HABITAT: Open areas, streamside forests. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Broad, banded tail and rounded wings mark it as a buteo. Upper parts brown mixed with buffy and whitish. Shoulder of wing reddish brown. Tail black, crossed by several whitebars and tipped with white. Breast and belly barred with reddish brown and white. Larger than Broad-winged hawk with narrower tail bars.
HABITAT: Prefers open fields and woodlands.
NESTING: 2 to 4 dull white eggs in a bulky structure of sticks, 7 to 18 m up a tree. ÉA └ADESCRIPTION: Rounded wings and broad banded tail mark it as a buteo. Adults dark brown above. Tail brownish black with two whitish bands across it. Last band broader than others. Dark streak down jaw. Reddish brown breast. Similar to Red shouldered Hawk but smaller with a shorter tail.
HABITAT: Prefers open forests and woodlands.
NESTING: 2 to 4 whitish eggs in a nest of sticks and twigs, lined with bark, 6 to 12 m up a tree. PA ÉADESCRIPTION: Adult dark phase birds are blackish above and below, with black wing linings. Under sides of primaries pale grey. Tail grey with darkish bands. White phase adults similar above but have snowy white under parts.
RANGE: Open country and woodland edges in southern Florida. pA êADESCRIPTION: Distinguished from other Buteos by long narrow pointed wings. Adult pale phase dark brown above with cinnamon band across breast. Throat and belly white. Adult dark phase with upper and under parts dark brown with white under tail coverts. Intermediate phase has reddish under parts. Broad band across breast is diagnostic.
HABITAT: Found in woodland and open country.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a bulky nest of sticks, built in a tree at varying heights. ÿA ░ADESCRIPTION: Adults with dark grey upper parts and chestnut patches on the upper wing. Tail white with a narrow black band on tip. Under parts primarily white, sometimes lightly barred. Wings long and pointed. RANGE: Dry open areas in southern Texas. ╕A ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults slaty-black overall, the tail with several grey bands. Legs and upper bill yellow. The similar Common Black-Hawk has broader wings and tail, more yellow under the eye. HABITAT: Wooded canyons and streamside forests in mountainous areas. áA áADESCRIPTION: Broad rounded wings and broad tail mark it as a Buteo. Adults dark brown above mixed with white and rufous. Under parts whitish with broad band across belly. Upper surfaces of tail reddish, underside greyish. Similar Swainson's Hawk does not have a red tail and has a bar across its breast, not belly.
HABITAT: Found in woodlands and open country.
NESTING: 2 to 4 whitish eggs in a bulky structure of sticks, lined with bark, high in a tree. ÿA └ADESCRIPTION: Long, broad wings and broad tail mark it as a Buteo. Adult pale phase has brown upper parts streaked with white on the head and neck. Reddish orange on shoulders, back, and upper tail coverts. Whitish tail with a rusty wash. Throat, breast, and belly white. Rusty thighs contrast against white underparts.
HABITAT: Frequents plains, prairies and arid areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 blotchy white eggs in a nest of sticks and twigs, on trees or the ground. ^C ╚ADESCRIPTION: A large long winged Buteo of open country. Highly variable markings. Adult pale phase has brown upper parts. White head, neck and under parts streaked with brown. Dark phase brown above and below. Tail white with broad black band at tip. Has legs feathered to the toes.
HABITAT: In summer, escarpments, cliff ledges and ravines of arctic. In winter open areas.
NESTING: 2 to 6 greenish-white eggs in a nest of sticks, on cliff ledges, trees, or on ground. áA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults mainly dark brown, nape and hind neck golden brown. Separable in all plummages fron the Bald Eagle by the legs, which are feathered to the toes. Great size and massive bill separate it from dark-phase Buteos.
HABITAT: Mountainous terrain, foothills with grassy areas, cliffs and open country.
NESTING: Usually 2 white eggs in a nest of sticks lined with grasses, on a cliff or in a tree. ≡A $BDESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-brown overall. Black crown, white throat and neck. Bare reddish facial skin. Breast and upper back lightly barred. White tail with a black tip, white wing patches conspicuous in flight. HABITAT: Found in open country.and brushlands. ╕A ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male top of head blue-grey with a chestnut crown patch. Two black stripes on white face. Back reddish, barred with black. Tail chestnut with black bar at end. Breast and belly white, with large black spots. Bluish grey upper wing coverts. Female is reddish brown above with black barring, white below, similar head marks.
HABITAT: Open country, woodland openings, city areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 eggs in a tree hole, cliff cavity, bank burrow, or bird box. A @ADESCRIPTION: Male upper parts bluish black, banded tail tipped with white. Throat white streaked, breast and belly buffy streaked with brown. Female similar to male but blue of upper parts replaced with dark brown. Pointed, long wings separate it from the Sharp-shinned Hawk. Lack of face markings separates it from the American Kestrel.
HABITAT: Coniferous or deciduous woodlands. In migration, marshes, beaches, open areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 creamy-white eggs in a tree cavity, on a cliff ledge, or an abandoned nest. A PADESCRIPTION: Adults have black crown, nape and cheeks. Back, upper wings, and rump ashy blue. Tail barred with black and white. Under parts buffy with barring and spots on sides and belly. Conspicuous head pattern separate it from the Merlin and Prairie Falcon. HABITAT: In breeding the vicinity of cliffs. In other seasons open country, shores and marshes.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs usually laid on a cliff ledge,with little or no nest. pA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Adult pale phase mainly white, with dark brown barring on upper parts. Dark phase blackish brown above and below, under parts streaked with white. Variable intermediate stages also occur. Large size, stout legs and feet, legs feathered more than halfway to the toes, distinguishes it from other falcons.
HABITAT: In summer, arctic open country near cliffs. In winter open country, sometimes wooded.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a loose nest of sticks, grass, and moss usually on a cliff ledge. ¿A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Adults pale brown above, whitish below streaked with dark brown. Head with white eyebrow, brown moustache, and white throat. Similar to Peregrine Falcon but with different face markings and lighter plummage.
HABITAT: Western dry, open country. Breeds in the vicinity of cliffs, canyons, badlands.
NESTING: 3 to 6 eggs laid on bare rock or in the nest of other large birds. êA áADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts, paler under parts. Long dark green tail is tipped with white. Bare skin on throat is reddish on the breeding male. Small chicken-like head. HABITAT: Streamside forests along the Rio Grande. ░A ░ADESCRIPTION: A small short-tailed partridge, brown above and greyish below. Male has chestnut patch on belly. Flanks barred with chestnut. Rusty brown face and throat, reddish brown outer tail feathers. Similar Chukar has black neck stripe and darker barring.
HABITAT: Frequents open country, agricultural lands.
NESTING: 9 to 20 olive-brown eggs in a shallow ground depression lined with grasses. @A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults greyish brown with pinkish wash on upper parts. Buffy throat with black line down side of neck. Breast bluish-grey, Pale belly buffy. Flanks heavily barred with black and chestnut. Red bill and legs. In flight shows reddish outer tail like Gray Partridge but the latter has no black on head, breast or flanks.
HABITAT: Rocky, arid areas of the west. PA pADESCRIPTION: Distinctive bird with long, pointed tail, short rounded wings. Head glossy green with white collar. Glossy brown overall with black spots and barring on under parts. Female pale brown overall, smaller and duller than male. Distinguished from female Sharp-tailed Grouse by larger size, longer tail, and lack of barring below.
HABITAT: Found in farmland and open country.
NESTING: 8 to 15 olive-brown eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. B BDESCRIPTION: Male upper parts finely barred black and grey. Tail black tipped with brown. Forehead, cheeks, throat and upper breast black bordered with white. Lower breast black barred with white. Red eye combs. Female upper parts barred black, grey, and rusty. Under parts barred black, white and rusty, rustiest on breast.
HABITAT: Coniferous, mixed forests, muskeg, forest edges and openings.
NESTING: 4 to 7 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. pA êADESCRIPTION: Male upper parts dark slate mixed with grey or brown. Under parts slaty with white markings on flanks. Yellow-orange comb over eye. Tail black whith grey band. Female similar to male but upper parts more brown with greyish under parts. Larger than Spruce Grouse, more slaty in colour.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands, meadows, forest edges and openings.
NESTING: 7 to 10 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. êA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Male in summer has head, neck, and upper breast chestnut, white eye ring. Back, rump and upper tail coverts mixed black, brown, and white. Wings, belly, legs white. Comb red. In winter all white, with a black tipped tail. Female upper parts mixed black, buffy and white. Under parts barred with black, wings white. Comb pale red. In winter like male.
NESTING: 7 to 12 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. `A êADESCRIPTION: Winter adults all white with black tail. Male has black eye stripe and red eye combs. In summer adults upper parts mixed with black, brown and white. White wings. Under parts mixed black, buffy and brown. Black tail instead of white separates it from White-tailed Ptarmigan. In winter black eyestripe distinctive.
HABITAT: Arctic and alpine highlands. Lake and river margins, forest openings.
NESTING: 6 to 9 eggs in a shallow ground depression lined with leaves and feathers. PA ÇADESCRIPTION: Winter adults all white with dark bill and red eye combs. In summer plummage mixed black, brown and white. White wings, belly, and tail. All white tail and small size separates it from other ptarmigans in all seasons.
HABITAT: High altitude western mountains, rocky river meadows.
NESTING: 6 to 8 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass, leaves, and feathers. @A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with red and grey colour phases. Tail with many dark bands, broad band at tip. Head slightly crested. Black or reddish brown 'ruffs' on side of neck.
HABITAT: Second growth deciduous and mixed woodland. Forest edges, some coniferous woods.
NESTING: 9 to 12 buffy eggs in a hollow in the ground lined with leaves and feathers. ÇA ÿADESCRIPTION: Adults have upper parts mixed with brown, buff, white and black. Large black patch on belly. Male has white ruff on breast and yellow eye combs. Large size and black belly separate it from Sharp-tailed Grouse. Long, pointed tail. Male has a black throat.
HABITAT: Normally found on dry plains, frequently among sagebrush.
NESTING: 7 to 9 olive-buff eggs in a shallow ground depression, lined with grass. ░A ΦADESCRIPTION: Adults heavily barred in brown, cinnamon, and buff, above and below. Short rounded tail. Elongated neck feathers cover an inflatable sac on sides of neck. Male has yellow eye combs. Separated from Sharp-tailed Grouse by barred under parts and elongated neck feathers. Lesser Prairie Chicken paler, less heavily barred.
HABITAT: Open and brushy grasslands, cultivated land.
NESTING: 11 to 14 eggs in a ground depression lined with grasses. ÇA ÿADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above, barred with black and buff. Under parts white barred with brown. Breeding male with yellow eye combs, and reddish neck sacs. Similar to the Greater Prairie Chicken but smaller with less barring on the under parts.
HABITAT: Grasslands and open areas. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: A medium size grouse with a short pointed tail and V-marked under parts. Similar to prairie chickens with mixture of brown, buff and white. Pointed white sided tail separates it from most grouse. Separable from Prairie Chickens by V-marks on under parts instead of bars.
HABITAT: Open areas, grasslands, open woodland.
NESTING: 10 to 13 eggs in a clump of grass or under a bush, lined with grass. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Adult male with brown glossy upper parts, black breast tuft. Head bare skinned. Tail, upper tail coverts and rump chestnut. Females similar to male but duller. HABITAT: Normally found in mature deciduous forests.
NESTING: Pale buff eggs spotted with purplish grey, in a nest on the ground. B @BDESCRIPTION: Males with upper parts mottled with black, brown, and buff. Rounded pale brown crest on back of head. Breast dark brown, the sides, and flanks dark grey with white spots. Male with distinctive black and white facial pattern. Female has less distinct head markings.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. A ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts reddish brown with flanks striped in both sexes. White eye stripe and throat patch in male. In female these areas are a buffy colour. Face markings and rusty upper parts separate it from other quails.
HABITAT: Found in open areas and on cultivated lands.
NESTING: 14 to 16 dull white eggs in a hollow in the ground, lined with grass. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish upper parts, the breast bluish-grey with a scaly appearance. Crest is white on the male and buffy on the female. Some males in Texas has a chestnut patch on the belly. HABITAT: Dry brushy areas and grasslands. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Males with greyish upper parts, breast, and a black tear-shaped plume on the head. Chestnut crown, bordered with a white stripe. Black face and throat, the throat bordered with white. Lower breast buffy, the belly with a black patch. Lacks the scaled appearance of the similar California Quail. Female lacks black on the belly and head.
HABITAT: Desert brush and thickets. A ADESCRIPTION: Small chicken like bird, brown and grey, with a black forward curved plume on crown. Male has black throat with white border, grey breast, and scaled abdomen with a chestnut patch. Female similar but lacks black and white head pattern, has smaller plume and has faint chestnut patch on belly. Gambel's Quail lacks scaling on under parts.
HABITAT: Open and brushy areas, around dwellings.
NESTING: 10 to 18 creamy white eggs in a hollow in the ground lined with grass and leaves. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults are brown above, greyish brown on head with two long thin head plumes that often appear as one. Grey breast, chestnut flanks barred with white. Rusty throat outlined with white. HABITAT: Mountains, brushy ravines, and chapparal.
NESTING: 6 to 15 cream eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults buffy above, back marked with fine white crossbars across dark stripes. Short bill separates it from most rails. In flight shows large white patch on trailing edges of wings. Similar Sora has grey breast and black throat and face.
HABITAT: Grassy marshes during breeding. In winter, grainfields, fresh or saltwater marshes.
NESTING: 8 to 10 eggs in a cup of grass or on a mat of dead grass. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults blackish above, lightly speckled with white. Chestnut nape. Under parts dark grey, the flanks barred with white. Red eyes. Short tail and legs. HABITAT: Salt and freshwater marshes, swamps. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts, the back lightly streaked. White throat and grey cheeks. Breast either buffy or rufous depending on species. Dusky flanks barred with white. Duller than the King Rail and larger than the Virginia Rail.
HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes and mudflats. `A ÇADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above barred with black. Crown and face slate, with a buffy eyebrow. Neck and breast bright cinnamon, the flanks slaty barred with white. The similar Clapper Rail is paler above and below. Larger than the Virginia Rail.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater marshes, swamps.
NESTING: 5 to 11 pale buff eggs in a structure of marsh vegatation, supported above water. pA ÿADESCRIPTION: A small long-billed rail. Adults brownish above with chestnut wings. Grey cheeks and cinnamon breast. Reddish bill and legs. Similar to King and Clapper rails but much smaller. HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, coastal salt marshes.
NESTING: 7 to 12 whitish eggs in a woven basket of marsh vegatation, supported above water. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults have upper parts olive brown with fine black and white streaks. Throat and front of face black, breast grey. Short yellowish bill separates it from other rails. Yellow Rail does not have the grey breast or black face.
HABITAT: During breeding fresh or brackish marshes. During migration also saltwater marshes.
NESTING: 8 to 13 eggs in a shallow basket of woven marsh vegatation. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with head, neck, and breast deep purple. Back and wing coverts glossy green, under tail coverts all white. Bill red with a yellow tip, legs and feet yellow. HABITAT: Frequently found in fresh and saltwater marshes.
@A `ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black head and neck, becoming slate on breast and flanks. White streaks on flanks. Back brown to brownish-olive. Red bill with a yellow tip. Legs and feet yellow with a red ring on upper leg. Separated from Coots and Purple Gallinule by white streaks on flanks.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, ponds, slow rivers.
NESTING: 9 to 12 buffy eggs in a basket-like platform of marsh vegatation, supported above water. @A pADESCRIPTION: Adults have slate bodies, becoming black on head and neck. Outer tail coverts are white, inner ones blackish. Bill whitish with dark band near tip. Chestnut spot on forehead. White Bill separates it from the Common Moorhen.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, lakes, ponds, rivers. In winter uses both fresh and salt water.
NESTING: 8 to 12 eggs in a mass of marsh vegatation,either floated or anchored to other plants. PA ÇADESCRIPTION: Very similar to the American Coot. Dark overall with a white bill tipped with a black band. Has a white forehead shield.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater marshes of southern Florida. pA pADESCRIPTION: Adults are olive brown overall, heavily streaked with white on the head, neck, breast, abdomen, and upper wing coverts. Bill twice as long as head, curved downwards. Legs long and blackish-olive. Bold white streaking separates it from the Ibises. Immature night-herons never have a downcurved bill.
HABITAT: Commonly found in swamps and other wet areas. ╕A αADESCRIPTION: A large heron-like bird generally slate in colour sometimes with rusty stains on back. Reddish patch on crown and forehead. In flight can be distinguished from herons by the habit of flying with an outstretched neck, and quicker wing upstrokes.
HABITAT: In breeding, marshes, bogs, and tundra. In migration, fields, marshes.
NESTING: 2 buffy eggs in a mass of aquatic vegatation in shallow water or a ground depression. B @BDESCRIPTION: Adults mainly white, with black wing tips. Red bare skin on crown and cheeks. Long neck and long black legs. The Snow Goose and White Pelican are large white birds with black wing tips but they have short legs. Formerly close to extinction it is making a slow comeback.
HABITAT: Breeds in marshy, swampy areas. In migration, grainfields near ponds.
NESTING: 2 buffy eggs in a mound of marsh vegatation usually in shallow water. HB `BDESCRIPTION: Beeding adults have white crown, nape, and a stripe down to breast. Black face, breast, and belly. Under tail coverts white. Winter plummage more greyer. Differs from Lesser Golden Plover by larger size and bill, and less yellow speckling on upper parts. HABITAT: Moist fields, mud flats, beaches, in the vicinity of fresh or saltwter.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression lined with moss. A PADESCRIPTION: Adults in spring dark above, speckled with yellow, some white spots. White forehead, eyebrow and stripe down side of neck. Cheeks, throat and remaining under parts are black. Bill black, legs dark grey. Winter adults duller with no black under parts. Black-bellied Plover similar but with white crown and under tail coverts.
HABITAT: Open areas, fields, pastures, some beaches and shores. Breeds on arctic tundra
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression lined with lichens. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with a brown back and a broad rusty breast band separated from the white throat with a thin black line. Black mask with a white patch on the forehead. white belly.
RANGE: Western and northern Alaska. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: A small plover with thin dark bill. Upper parts pale brown, narrow black bar above white forehead. Dark patch on either side of breast. Remaining under parts white, bill black. Grey legs. Similar Piping Plover larger with thicker bill, and yellowish legs.
HABITAT: Normally found on sand beaches and mudflats.
░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts and long, black bill. Broad breast band black in male and brown in female. White throat and under parts, white stripe over eye. Similar Piping and Semipalmated Plovers have shorter, slender bills.
HABITAT: Normally found on beaches and mudflats. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Similar to the Semi-palmated Plover. Male with a brown back and a thick black breast band. Broad black patch from eye to bill and across the top of the head. Thin white eyebrow. White under parts.
RANGE: Northeastern Arctic Canada. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts, yellow bill with a black tip. Black breast band on white under parts. Black bar across white fore head, and from base of bill to cheeks. Upper parts darker than the Piping Plover. Piping Plover does not have black through eye.
HABITAT: Fresh and salt mud flats, beaches, flat open margins of lakes, ponds, and rivers.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a depression in sand, gravel or moss. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults pale brown above with black breast band, sometimes incomplete. Black bar across white forehead. Remaining under parts white. Breast bar may be absent in winter adults. Yellow legs. Yellow bill with a black tip. The Semipalmated Plover has darker upper parts. The Snowy Plover has darker, slender bill and darker legs.
HABITAT: Sand beaches on both salt and freshwater.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow depression in sand, on ocean or lake beaches. └@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts, cinnamon coloured rump and upper tail coverts. White under parts with two broad black breast bands. Similar ringed plovers are generally smaller with only one breast band. HABITAT: Open uplands, meadows, farm fields, margins of ponds and lakes.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression, sparsely lined. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults with plain greyish brown upper parts and a black eyestripe. Forehead white with a black patch on crown. Under parts are plain dull white with a buffy wash across breast. Bill black. Legs brownish yellow. Autumn adults lack black head markings. The similar winter Lesser Golden Plover does not have plain unmarked under parts.
HABITAT: Dry upland plains and meadows, semiarid areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults dark above with a bold white eyebrow that extends around the head. Brownish breast bordered with a white band. Belly blackish bordered with rusty flanks.
HABITAT: Coastal Alaska. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black head, neck and upper chest. Back and wings greyish-brown. White band across wings. Large reddish orange bill. Remaining under parts white. Pinkish legs. HABITAT: Normally found on coastal beaches and mud flats. êA ¿ADESCRIPTION: A crow sized all black shorebird with a long thick red bill. Pinkish feet. HABITAT: Normally found on rocky shores and islands.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a depression on bare rock, or in a hollow in beach gravel. êA ÉADESCRIPTION: Adults with black crown, nape, cheeks, upper back and wings. Under parts, throat, and lower cheeks white. Long, slightly upturned slender bill. Very long, slim red legs. Wings solid black with no white stripe. Female is browner above.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes, and mudflats. PA pADESCRIPTION: Adults with black back and wings. Broad white stripe acoss wings. White under parts. Head and neck rusty in breeding plummage, grey in winter. Bill extremely long, slender, slightly upturned. Pale blue long legs.
HABITAT: Shallow ponds, marshes, lake shores.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and weeds. ÇA áADESCRIPTION: Small wading bird with long toes and claws on the legs. Adults with head, neck, chest and upper back black, the remaining areas are chestnut. Commonly raises its wings revealing large yellow patches.
RANGE: Marshes and ponds in Southern Texas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults upper parts marked with grey, black and white. In breeding throat and breast are heavily streaked, sides and usually belly are spotted and barred. Long, bright yellow legs. Bill very slightly uptilted. In flight shows white rump and no wing stripe. Similar Lesser Yellowlegs smaller and has a shorter, thinner bill.
HABITAT: Shallow lake shores, saltmarshes, mud flats bogs, ponds.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression in the ground lined with grass, leaves, or moss. @A pADESCRIPTION: Adults grey and white above. Under parts white with fine streaks on the breast, and fine short bars on the flanks. Long yellow legs, white rump and tail. Bill shorter, thinner and straighter than the Greater Yellowlegs. The latter is also larger.
HABITAT: Shallow margins of lakes and streams, mudflats, salt marshes, ponds and bogs.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and leaves. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Similar in proportions to the Lesser Yellowlegs. Plummage is sooty black speckled with white and a white rump. Has reddish or orange legs. RANGE: Aleutians islands and western coast. `A `ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult has dark upper parts spotted with buff. Shows a white eyebrow. Upper breast is finely streaked, the remaining under parts are whitish. Small white rump patch.
RANGE: Outer Aleutians.
HABITAT:
NESTING: A ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts dark blackish brown with white spots in adults, buffy white spots in immatures. White under parts, lower throat, breast and flanks streaked with blackish brown. Legs dark green. White eye ring. Bill slender and straight. Separated from the Yellowlegs by darker legs and rump, smaller size.
HABITAT: Woodland pools, shallow margins of lakes, rivers, muskeg.
NESTING: 4 eggs laid in the old nests of tree nesting birds at various heights. α@ ADESCRIPTION: A large grey and white shore bird with a straight bill, white upper tail coverts, and a broad white band across the wing, contrasting with blackish flight feathers. Similar to Greater Yellowlegs but with grey blue legs, and conspicuous black and white wing pattern in flight.
HABITAT: Moist meadows, edges of marshes and lakes, coastal beaches.arshes, ponds and bogs.
NESTING: 4 olive-buff eggs in a depression in the ground lined with grass and weeds. `A êADESCRIPTION: Upper parts plain slate grey. White eyebrow. Breeding adults have under parts heavily barred with black and white. In winter, replaced by dark grey wash over breast and sides. Dark bill long and slim. Uniform dark grey upper parts separates it from the Surfbird, Black Turnstone, Red Knot, and the Yellowlegs.
HABITAT: Migrates over rocky seacoasts and islands. Breeds near mountain streams and meadows.
NESTING: 4 greenish eggs in a depression on a gravel bar, lined with twigs. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: A medium sized sandpiper very similar to the Wandering Tattler but with less barring and streaking on the abdomen. Grey upper parts and long straight bill. RANGE: Aleutian Islands. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults has brown upper parts streaked with dusky. Upper breast finely streked with brown. Remaining under parts plain white. In flight shows a long white wing stripe.
RANGE: Southern Alaska coast and Aleutians.
HABITAT:
A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish brown upper parts, slightly barred. In breeding, white under parts are heavily spotted. In winter, under parts white with greyish breast. In flight, shows white wing stripe. HABITAT: Shores of lakes, rivers, streams. Also coastal salt water.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a ground hollow, sparsely lined grass and moss. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with a slightly upcurved bill. Upper parts mainly greyish-brown. Lower breast and belly white. In flight shows a distinctive dark leading edge on the wing. RANGE: Outer Aleutians and Southern Alaska coast.
HABITAT: A ADESCRIPTION: Mottled brown upper parts. Has slender neck, small head and short bill. Long tail and wings. In flight black barring on wing lining contrasts with rest of body.
HABITAT: Open grassy uplands, pastures, prairies.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs concealed in a ground depression, lined with vegatation. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Plummage primarily mottled brown. Dark crown stripes, dark stripe through eye. Long, slender downcurved bill. Presence of head stripes separates it from the larger Long-billed Curlew. HABITAT: Nests on open tundra, dry uplands. In migration, mud flats, beaches, wet fields.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a ground depression lined with lichens and leaves. pA ÿADESCRIPTION: Long downcurved bill. Upper parts mottled brown. Similar to the Whimbrel but with a rusty rump.
HABITAT: Found on the coast of Alaska. pA ÉADESCRIPTION: Plummage generally brownish, with buffy under parts. Long, slender downcurved bill. Similar Whimbrel is smaller, with dark head stripes, stripe through eye. HABITAT: Wet and dry grasslands. In migration, beaches, marshes, grainfields. wet fields.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a ground depression, lined with grass and weeds. áA ╨ADESCRIPTION: Long bicoloured bill is either straight or slightly upcurved. Has a chestnut head and neck. The light under parts are heavily barred with black. Has a black tail with white upper tail coverts. Shows a white wing stripe and wing linings in flight.
RANGE: Western Aleutians and Atlantic coast.
HABITAT: pA êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black upper parts, white upper tail coverts, chestnut under parts with black barring. Long, slender upcurved bill. In winter under parts white with a greyish breast. White wing stripe visible in flight. Black tail against white upper tail coverts distinctive. HABITAT: Nests on tundra. In migration tidal mud flats, beaches, ponds and lakeshores.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow scrape, or in a mound of wet sedge or grass tundra. `A êADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above, with plain cinnamon under parts. Upper tail coverts white with dusky spots and barring. Tail barred with buff. In winter, under parts are white with a greyish breast. No wing stripe. Long, slender upturned bill. Similar Marbled Godwit has more cinnamon tones.
HABITAT: Generally found in coastal areas around Alaska. pA êADESCRIPTION: Generally buffy brown with cinnamon tones in the plummage, especially the wings. Long slender upturned bill. Mottled with black above, under parts barred. Barring less extensive on winter birds.
HABITAT: Breeds in grasslands, edges of lakes. In migration beaches, mud flats, coastal areas.
NESTING: 4 buffy eggs in a depression in dry or moist grassland, sparsely lined with grass. êA áADESCRIPTION: In spring and summer, chestnut back with black markings. Head white with black collar and bib. White under parts. Legs orange. Female colours are duller. In winter, bib pattern is retained but the chestnut is replaced by greyish browns.
HABITAT: Tundra, open areas. In migration, rocky shores, beaches, fresh and saltwater.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression, usually lined with leaves. A ADESCRIPTION: In breeding, head, neck, breast, and upper parts sooty black. White eyebrow and spot by bill. Wing stripe and remaining under parts white. Legs reddish brown. Winter birds similar but without any white on the head.
HABITAT: Frequently seen on ocean shores and reefs. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults have head and neck heavily streaked with grey and white, scapulars mixed with chestnut. Base of tail and upper tail coverts white, rest of tail brownish black. Wing stripe white. The white breast is heavily spotted. Flanks with V-marks of greyish brown. In winter, similar but has a dark grey head and unmarked breast.
HABITAT: Moutain tundra, slopes. In migration wave swept rocky shores and reefs.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow depression on rocky ground above the timberline. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult mixed brown, chestnut, and buffy above. Short, straight bill. Robin red throat and breast. Legs short. Autumn birds have white under parts with dusky streaking, light grey upper parts. In flight shows a narrow white wing stripe and a whitish rump. Dowitchers have longer bills, Surfbird has a sharply defined white rump.
HABITAT: Moist tundra areas. In migration, beaches, mudflats.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression, lined with twigs, leaves and grass. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults have brownish upper parts tinged with rust. Breast, sides of neck and head are rusty, spotted and barred with dusky and white. In autumn, pale grey above, white below. Short black bill and black legs. In flight shows white wing stripe.
HABITAT: Dry tundra areas. In migration, sand beaches or mud flats on fresh or saltwater.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a slight hollow on dry, rocky ground, lined with grass. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Semipalmated, Western and Least sandpipers very similar. Differs from the Least by black legs, thicker bill, greyer upper parts. Bill shorter than the Western and not slightly downcurved. Greyer upper parts lacking cinnamon shown on Western. Its breast is less streaked with no V-marks on breast or flanks.
HABITAT: Moist tundra areas. In migration, sand beaches, mud flats, shores of lakes, rivers.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression in a knoll or hummock in wet tundra, lined with grass. ░@ α@DESCRIPTION: Similar to Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers. Upper parts more rusty than the Semipalmated, with heavy streaking on the breast forming V-marks. Least Sandpiper has darker upper parts. Western has a black, slightly downcured bill, and black legs. Also has small rusty patch on the crown.
HABITAT: Nests on tundra. In migration coastal areas and mudflats. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Summer adults have the throat, foreneck and upper breast cinnamon-rufous. Lower breast and abdomen white. Upper parts dark with some grey and rufous edging. Winter birds are brownish-grey above, with white under parts, the sides of chest blotched with grey. Bill and legs black. RANGE: Western Alaska. á@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults have rusty streaked upper parts. Throat and abdomen white. Buffy breast spotted with black. Short straight bill. Black legs separate in from the Least Sandpiper.
RANGE: Rare on eastern coast and Alaskan islands. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with brown upper parts fringed with buff. Breast streaked with buff. Remaining under parts white. Legs are yellowish. Similar to the Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers. White outer tail feathers distinctive.
RANGE: Aleutian Islands.
HABITAT: á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Similar to the Least Sandpiper except for the darker crown and eye stripe. RANGE: Aleutian Islands. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Similar to Semipalmated and Western Sandpipers. The Least has darker upper parts. Also has a buffier breast, thinnner bill, and yellowish-green legs. Has completely unwebbed toes. HABITAT: Sedge, grass, mossy bogs. In migration, mudflats, wet fields.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression, sparsely lined with grass. á@ α@DESCRIPTION: The only small short-legged sandpiper with a completely white rump patch. Brownish grey upper parts, whitish under parts, streaked on breast and flanks. Similar Stilt Sandpiper has longer bill and legs. HABITAT: Wet, moist grassy tundra. In migration, mud flats, beaches, on both salt and freshwater.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a shallow depression in soil or moss, lined with grass and leaves. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Buffy brown upper parts with breast band. Bill short, straight and slender. Under parts white. Bill and legs blackish. Least Sandpiper has longer, downcurved bill. Larger than Semipalmated and Western. Breast band separates it from the White-rumped.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a shallow ground depression, lined with grass and leaves. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above with broad buffy band across breast and neck, streaked with dusky and sharply cut off from white belly. Throat white, rump blackish brown. Legs yellowish green. Baird's and White-rumped Sandpipers have breast band but not sharply defined. Least and Semipalmated are tinier.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a concealed nest on the ground, composed of grass and leaves. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with brownish upper parts streaked with black. Brown crown finely streaked with black. Breast buffy with dark streaks. Belly white and unmarked. Juveniles with a white eyebrow, the breast lightly streaked. White eyebrow separates it from the similar Pectoral Sandpiper.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater marshes, beaches and mudflats. A ADESCRIPTION: In winter plummage back is black with purplish gloss. Head, neck and breast dark grey. White throat and belly, flanks with heavy grey streaks. In breeding breast is heavily streaked and spotted. Has dull yellowish legs, yellowish bill with a dark tip slightly downcurved.
HABITAT: Mossy tundra, gravel beaches. In migration, rocky coastal shores.
NESTING: 4 eggs in a depression in the ground or moss well lined with leaves and vegatation. A ADESCRIPTION: Blackish upper parts with chestnut edges. Breeding adult has dark chest patch. White under parts with streaked flanks. Long slender bill slightly downcurved. Legs greenish-yellow. Winter bird very similar to Purple Sandpiper. Surfbird has a white rump. Rock Sandpiper shows a white wing stripe in flight.
HABITAT: Nests on tundra. In migration, rocky ocean, shores. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults have cinnamon upper parts. Under parts white with a black belly patch. Bill blackish, long and slightly down-curved. Winter birds, dark greyish-brown upper parts and breast, white belly. Rock Sandpiper has a black patch on under parts but it is on the breast, not belly.
HABITAT: Moist tundra areas. In migration, margins of salt and freshwater, beaches, sand bars.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a grass lined depression, on a mound in moist grassy tundra. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with a rusty breast, white rump with a few dark bars, and a rather long, downcurved bill. Knots and Dowitchers have reddish breasts but their bill is straight. The downcurved bill separates it from other small and medium sized sandpipers except the Dunlin. The Curlew Sandpiper has a white patch completely across the rump.
RANGE: Casual migrant throughout North America. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult brownish above with a striped crown, and chestnut patch on side of head. White eyebrow. Long, slender slightly downcurved bill. Legs greenish yellow. Under parts heavily barred. Winter birds greyer above, whiter below. In all seasons shows white rump. Long bill and legs separate it from most sandpipers.
HABITAT: Wet tundra, near ponds, lakes and rivers. In migration, lakeshores, pools and ponds.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression in tundra ground or moss, sparsely lined with grass. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults primarily buffy overall, becoming paler on the breast. In flight shows white under wings. Greenish-yellow legs. Buffy colour, small head, and longer legs separate it from other shore birds. HABITAT: Wet or dry tundra areas. In migration, short grass prairies and fields.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a slight depression in dry ground, sparsely lined with grass. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult breeding male highly variable in colour but has large ruff on neck, and two broad ear tufts. Ruff may be black, rufous, and white. Female does not have ruff, and is smaller. Winter birds darker above with a buffy breast, white belly. In any plummage a broad stripe extends down rump and centre of tail, bordered by white.
HABITAT: Fresh and saltwater marshes, mudflats. A 8ADESCRIPTION: Medium sized sandpiper with a long straight bill. In flight shows white back and rump. Under parts variable shades of cinnamon, with streaking on breast and flanks. Very similar to Long-billed Dowitcher. Short-billed shows more white on the belly. Winter birds dark grey above, paler below.
HABITAT: Marshes and bogs. In migration, coastal areas, lakeshores, and mudflats.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression in wet sedge or grassy meadows, lined with grass or moss. (A @ADESCRIPTION: Very similar to Short-billed Dowitcher. Has longer bill, more cinnamon under parts. Well formed barring on sides of breast. Autumn Long-bills have darker unspotted breast than Short-Bills. Short-Bills usually have more white on the under parts.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression in wet sedge or grassy meadows, lined with grass or moss. 0A HADESCRIPTION: Upper parts mixed brown, buffy, and black. Crown striped with buffy, tail chestnut. Bill long and straight. Belly white with barring on flanks. The dowitchers are similar sized but show white rump and back in flight. HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, bogs, wet fields. In migration, fields, creeks, coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a ground depression, lined with grass. A @ADESCRIPTION: A plump cinnamon coloured shorebird with a long bill, large eyes set high in head, short neck and tail. Wings short and rounded.
HABITAT: Mixed woodlands, alder thickets.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a ground depression, sparsely lined with leaves. A @ADESCRIPTION: Breeding female with grey crown, back, wings and tail. Black streak through eye down side of neck, Cinnamon on rear neck andupper wings. White below . Bill long and thin. Male is duller with cinnamon on side of neck. Winter birds dark grey above, pale below. Separated from other phalaropes by lack of wing stripe in spread wing.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, shallow lakes.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a ground depression, lined with grass and near shallow water. A ADESCRIPTION: Back dark brown with buffy stripes. Female has chestnut on front and sides of neck, less pronounced in male. White throat and under parts. Red Phalarope has redder under parts. Separated from Wilson's Phalarope by white wing stripe shown in flight. In winter birds, more slender bill separates it from the Red Phalarope.
HABITAT: Arctic and subarctic freshwater pools. In migration, coastal areas, lakes and ponds.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression lined with grass, on a mound in a marshy area. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Breeding female with blackish upper parts streaked with buff. Black crown with white cheeks. Yellow bill with a black tip. Under parts pure chestnut red. Male is similar but duller. Winter birds are grey above and white below. In flight its white wing stripe separates it from the Wilson's Phalarope.
HABITAT: Tundra ponds and lakes. In migration the open ocean, and coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually 4 eggs in a depression on the ground on a dry spot near a tundra pond. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult light phase: Top of head black, remaining upper parts greyish-brown. Throat, neck and breast white, sides of neck golden yellow. Dusky breast band. Adult dark phase: Uniformly greyish-brown above and below but with white areas on wings. Separable from other jaegers by the middle tail feathers which project slightly and are twisted at the ends.
HABITAT: Tundra lakes, pools, streams. In migration, the open ocean. coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually two eggs in a slight depression on the ground, on a rise of ground in tundra. áA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Light and dark phase colouring similar to the Pomarine Jaeger. Parasitic slightly smaller with central tail feathers pointed and never twisted as in Pomarine. Long-tailed Jaeger has long streaming tail feathers. Parasitic has less white on under wings than Pomarine. HABITAT: Tundra ponds and lakes. In migration open oceans and coasts.
NESTING: Usually 2 eggs in a depression in moss or grass, lined with vegatation. ÉA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Greyish brown above with black crown and white under parts. Yellowish on sides of neck. Long, streaming central tail feathers distinguish it from other jaegers. It has no dark breast band. HABITAT: Dry upland tundra. In migration mainly the open ocean.
NESTING: 1 to 2 eggs in a ground depression, lined with vegatation. áA ╕ADESCRIPTION: A large dark brown sea bird with a hooked bill. White bar at base of primaries. Larger than jaegers, with broader, rounded wings. Separated from South Polar Skua by more reddish tones in the plummage, and more streaking on upper parts.
HABITAT: The open ocean. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: A large brown sea bird more uniform in colour than the Great Skua. Heavy hooked bill. White stripe in primaries. Wings broader and more rounded than jaegers. Central tail feathers are never elongated. HABITAT: The open ocean. ¿A ¿ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult has black head, dark grey back and wings, black primaries. White under parts. Reddish bill. Winter adult has a white head with greyish nape. HABITAT: Coastal river mouths, islands, mud flats.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs in a nest on the ground, of grass and weeds. pA êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult has black head, grey back and wings. Primaries black with white barring. Reddish bill. Laughing Gull has solid black primaries. Winter birds have dark half hood. Bonaparte Gull smaller with a black bill. HABITAT: Prairie lakes, marshes, grassy fields.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs on a floating anchored mass of marsh vegatation. XA xADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult has black head, pale grey mantle and black bill. White under parts. Winter birds with whitish head, dark spot behind eye and on rear of crown. Grey nape. Smaller than Bonaparte's Gull. In flight, identified by dark under surface of wings. HABITAT: Large freshwater lakes, coastal areas. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with dark brown head, grey mantle and black wing tips. Bill and legs reddish. Under parts white. Winter adults have white head with dark patch behind eye. Similar Bonaparte's Gull has a black bill and head, slightly smaller.
HABITAT: Coastal areas, lakes.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs on loosely constructed nest, either on the ground or on vegatation. `A pADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black head, grey mantle and black wing tips. Under parts white. Black bill and red legs. Winter adult has a white head with black patch behind the eye. Similar Common Black-headed Gull is larger, with brown head and red bill. HABITAT: Coastal areas, large freshwater lakes.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, in a coniferous tree near a lake or pond. @A pADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head, dark grey body. Bill reddish with a black tip. Winter adult similar but with grey streaked head. Black tail. HABITAT: Saltwater coastal areas and islands. ÉA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Adults with white head, streaked with brown in winter. Grey mantle, black primaries tipped with white. Under parts white. Yellow unmarked bill and legs. Much smaller than Herring Gull. California and Ring-billed Gulls have markings on their bills.
HABITAT: Lakes, ponds, and rivers. In migration coastal areas, bays, harbours.
NESTING: 2 to 3 buffy eggs in a nest usually on the ground, near lakes or marshy areas. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and underparts, grey mantle. Black primaries tipped with a white spot. Yellow bill has a black band. Greenish-yellow legs. Smaller than the Herring and California Gulls. Black band on yellow bill distinctive among adult gulls.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, and rivers. Fields garbage dumps, and coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs in a nest on the ground, of grass and weeds. ÉA áADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, dark grey mantle. Black primaries tipped with white. Bill yellow, with a red and black spot near the tip. Legs greenish yellow. Ring-billed Gull does not have red spot on bill. Herring Gull has pinkish legs.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes. Fields and coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually 3 eggs in a ground depression lined with grass and weeds. áA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, pearl grey mantle. Black primaries tipped with white. Yellow bill with a red spot on lower mandible. Legs and feet pink. California Gull has a black spot on bill. Ring-billed Gull has a solid black band on bill. Glaucous, Iceland, and Glaucous-winged Gulls do not have black wing tips.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes and rivers. Fields, dumps and coastal areas.
NESTING: Usually 2 to 3 eggs in a ground depression, on islands, or boulders in rivers. ╕A ╨ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, grey mantle. Black primaries with a white tip. Bill yellow with a red spot on lower mandible. Legs and feet pinkish. Very similar to the Herring Gull, but slightly smaller with a darker mantle and pale primaries.
HABITAT: Coastal arctic areas. In migration, coastal saltwater, sometimes freshwater lakes. ░A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, grey mantle. Grey primaries with white tips. Yellow bill with red spot on the lower mandible. Similar Herring and Thayer's Gulls have darker primaries.
HABITAT: Coastal arctic areas. In migration, coastal salt water.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a nest of grass and moss on a cliff ledge at or near the coast. ╕A ╚ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult has white head and under parts, dark grey mantle. Primaries black with white spot on outermost primary. Bill yellow with a red spot on the lower mandible. Legs yellow. Yellow legs and smaller size separate it from the Herring Gull.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, and rivers and coastal salt water. ¿A └ADESCRIPTION: Adults white overall with a slate grey mantle. Black tipped primaries, some with a white spot at the end. Yellow bill with a red spot. Feet are flesh-coloured. Very similar to the Western Gull.
RANGE: Coastal areas of the Aleutians and western Alaska. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults with white head and under parts, and a slate grey mantle. Yellow bill with a red spot on the lower mandible. Primaries tipped with black. Legs yellow. The similar Western Gull has pinkish legs. HABITAT: The open ocean, coastal areas. ╪A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and underparts, dark grey mantle. Black primaries with white tip on outermost primary. Yellow bill with a red spot on lower mandible. Pinkish legs. Dark back and pink legs separate it from other Pacific coast gulls.
HABITAT: Seacoasts of the Pacific. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, pale grey mantle. Primaries grey with white tips. Yellow bill with red spot on lower mandible. Legs pinkish. Similar Herring and Thayer's Gulls have darker primaries.
HABITAT: Seacoasts of the Pacific.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a nest of seaweed and grass on islands or rock ledges. └A αADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, pale grey mantle. Primaries grey with white tips. Bill yellow with red spot on lower mandible. Pinkish legs. Similar Herring Gull has darker primaries. The Iceland Gull is smaller.
HABITAT: Arctic coastal areas. In migration coastal salt waters.
NESTING: 2 to 3 buffy-brown eggs in a nest of grass and moss on coastal cliffs and islands. ╨A ≡ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, black mantle. Yellow bill with a red spot on lower mandible. Pinkish legs. Large size and black mantle distinguish it from other east coast gulls. HABITAT: Coastal islands and cliffs. Large freshwater lakes and rivers.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a depression lined with moss and grass on coastal islands and cliffs. αA °ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, light grey mantle. Grey wings with black wing tips. Yellow unmarked bill. Legs blackish. Small size, black wing tips and legs separate it from other saltwater gulls.
HABITAT: Rocky cliffs and islands, open ocean.
NESTING: 1 to 3 eggs in a cupped structure of seaweed, and grass, on cliff ledges near the sea. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and under parts, grey mantle. Grey wings with black tips. Yellow unmarked bill, red legs. Black legged Kittiwake has paler mantle, black legs.
HABITAT: Rocky cliffs and islands, open ocean. `A ÇADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white head and grey mantle. Fine black collar around neck. Grey primaries. Under parts have a pink tinge. Black bill and red legs. Has a distincly wedge shaped tail.
HABITAT: Coastal ice flows in shoal waters.
NESTING: In colonies on low, reef-like islets adjacent to extensive open waters. Nest a ground depression with one to three greenish-olive eggs. @A `ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with dark grey head bordered with black. Under parts white. Black bill with yellow tip, black legs. Wings patterned in grey, white and black. Distinctly forked tail separates it from all other gulls. HABITAT: Breeds on tundra lakes and coasts. In winter mostly coastal salt water.
NESTING: 2 to 3 olive-brown eggs in a shallow depression, lined with grass and twigs. PA `ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with entirely white plummage. Black legs. Bill tipped with yellow. HABITAT: Arctic coastal waters and islands. In winter the edge of pack and drift ice.
NESTING: 1 to 3 eggs in a depression lined with feathers, on flat ground or cliff ledges. pA ÿADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult white below, pale grey above, with black crown and nape. Black bill and legs. Similar to Common Tern but with stouter bill and heavier body. HABITAT: Salt marshes, beaches, coastal areas. PA pADESCRIPTION: Large stocky tern. Breeding adult white below, grey above, with a black crown and nape. Large coral red bill, black legs. Similar Royal Tern has a more slender orange bill, tail more deeply forked, and loses black crown after breeding.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, rivers, and marshes. Coastal areas, sandbars, beaches.
NESTING: 2 to 3 buffy eggs in a depression lined with vegatation, in colonies near other terns. ÿA ╕ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult white below, grey above with a black crown and nape. Has a thinner orange bill. Black legs. The Caspian Tern has a thicker redder bill, a less deeply forked tail. The Royal Tern shows a white crown after breeding.
HABITAT: Coastal areas, beaches, mudflats. ÉA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult white below, grey above with a black crown and nape. Very similar to the Royal Tern but with a thinner bill, slimmer body, and a longer shaggier crest. HABITAT: Western coastal areas. ÇA êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult is white below, pale grey above, with a black crown and nape. Black legs and feet. Black bill with a yellow tip separates it from other terns.
HABITAT: Coastal areas and beaches. `A ÇADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult primarily white below with a pale pinkish wash. Grey above with black crown and nape. Legs and feet orangish red. Black bill with a red base. Common Arctic, and Forester's Terns show more red in the bill. The Roseate Tern is paler than the Common and Arctic Terns with a more deeply forked tail.
HABITAT: Coastal saltwater.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a sparsely lined nest on the ground, in colonies with other species. `A êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult grey above with pale grey under parts. Black crown and nape. Bill red with a black tip. Legs and feet reddish. Very similar to the Arctic Tern but the latter does not have a black tip on the bill. HABITAT: Freshwater lakes and rivers, beaches, coastal areas.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs in a depression in sand or gravel, lined with grass and twigs. PA ÇADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult grey above with pale grey under parts. Black crown and nape. Bill deep red. Lack of black tip on bill separates it from the similar Common Tern. Legs and feet reddish. HABITAT: Coastal salt water. Freshwater lakes and marshes. Winters over open ocean.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs in a ground depression , sometimes lined with grass. `A êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult white below with pale grey upper parts. Black crown and nape. Bill deep orange with a black tip. Legs and feet orangish. The similar Common and Arctic Terns have greyer under parts and redder bills.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes. In migration, coastal areas.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs laid on a mat of floating vegatation. `A pADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult is white below with pale grey upper parts. Black crown and nape with a white forehead patch. Orange-yellow bill with a dark tip. Orange-yellow legs and feet. Small size distinguishes it from other terns.
HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, beaches, coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult dark grey above and below. Black crown with a white forehead. Black bill and legs. Dark bar on under side of the wings, noticeable in flight. The Common Arctic Terns lack the black bar on the under side of the wings.
HABITAT: North-western coastal waters. PA pADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts and white under parts. Black crown with white hind neck and forehead. Bill and legs black.The similar Sooty Tern lacks the white hind collar and the white forehead stops at the eye.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal areas. pA pADESCRIPTION: Adults with blackish-brown upper parts, and white under parts. Black crown and nape. Bill and legs black. White forehead patch. The similar Bridled Tern has a white hind neck and a forehead patch that extends beyond the eye.
HABITAT: The open ocean and coastal areas. pA êADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black head, neck and under parts. Back, wings, and tail grey. White under tail coverts. Colour and small size separate it from other terns. HABITAT: Freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers and marshes. In migration, coastal areas.
NESTING: 2 to 3 eggs on a mat of floating vegatation, or on solid ground. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults greyish-brown overall with a whitish crown. Black bill and legs.
HABITAT: Southern coastal areas. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: Adults very dark overall with a white crown. Similar to the Brown Noddy but smaller with shorter legs and a longer bill.
RANGE: Found in the Dry Tortugas. PA PADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with white forehead, sides of head and under parts. Rest of head, hind neck, back, and upper wings black. Large bill is red with a black tip. Lower mandible extends far beyond the upper one. Bill shape and colours distingish it from other birds.. HABITAT: Coastal Saltwater. ÇA áADESCRIPTION: A small plump seabird with a stubby bill. Breeding adult is black above, white below. Black breast contrasts sharply with the white under parts. Small size and stubby bill distinghish it from other eastern divers. HABITAT: Open ocean in North Atlantic.
NESTING: One pale bluish egg among rocks or in a rock crevice near sea cliffs, in huge colonies. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with dark grey upper parts and a brownish head. Under parts white. Some birds have a white eye ring and a line behind the eye. Long, slender, pointed bill is black. The Thick-billed Murre is darker above with a thicker bill.
HABITAT: Open ocean, coastal waters.
NESTING: One egg laid on a cliff ledge or rocky island, in huge colonies. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Similar to the Common Murre. Breeding adult darker above, the white under parts rise to a sharp peak on the neck. Black bill thicker than on the Common Murre. Some birds have a white line on the upper mandible.
HABITAT: Rocky cliffs, coastal waters. In winter, the open ocean.
NESTING: One egg on a cliff ledge or bare rock, in large colonies. └A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black head and upper parts, white under parts. Winter plummage similar but throat and neck are white. The large, narrow arched bill is black with a white band across it. White line in front of the eye. Pointed tail, heavy head, and distinctive bill separate it from other Murres.
HABITAT: Rocky shores, sea cliffs. In winter, open ocean.
NESTING: One egg laid in crevices or holes on sea cliffs, in colonies. ÇA ÉADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult is black overall, with a large white wing patch. Long, straight pointed bill is black. Red legs. Winter adults with white head and under parts, the upper parts mixed with black and white. White wing linings separate it from the Pigeon Guillemot.
HABITAT: Rocky shores and cliffs. In winter, the open ocean.
NESTING: 1 to 2 eggs laid among rock or in crevices in cliff faces, usually in colonies. @A `ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult black overall. White wing patch marked by a black triangle. Long, slender black bill. Winter adults with white under parts, the upper parts mixed with black and white. Dark wing linings separate it from the similar Black Guillemot.
HABITAT: Rocky shores and cliffs of the Pacifice open coast. In winter, the open ocean.
NESTING: 1 to 2 eggs laid among rocks or in crevices in cliff faces, usually in colonies. @A `ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with dusky upper parts mixed with rusty brown. Under parts mottled in brown and white. Winter plummage blackish above, with white under parts. The similar Kittlitz's Murrelet has a longer bill, more white in the face, and a dusky breast band on winter birds.
HABITAT: Coastal salt water.
NESTING: One egg placed in a tree or on the ground. A (ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults brownish above, mottled with buff and white. Paler underneath, the breast and flanks mottled as above, the belly white. Winter plummage dark grey above, white below. The white of the under parts extends up over the eye. The similar Marbled Murrelet has black around the eye.
HABITAT: North-western coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-slate above. Under parts, throat, and wing linings white. White eye-ring. Separated from Craveri's Murrelet by the lack of a partial collar. HABITAT: Open ocean, coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-slate above. Under parts, throat, and wing linings white. White eye ring. Separated from Craveri's Murrelet by the lack of a partial collar. HABITAT: Open ocean, coastal areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black crown, nape, and bib. Sides of neck and under parts white. Grey back. White streaks above the eye. Yellowish bill. Winter adult with a smaller bib, and fainter streaking on the head. HABITAT: Coastal islands, open ocean.
NESTING: Usually 2 eggs in crevices or burrows under stones or roots, lined with grass. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish-slate above, sides mixed with grey. Breast and abdomen white. Partial white eye ring. Bill short and stout with a yellow spot near the base. HABITAT: Open ocean, coastal islands.
NESTING: One dull white egg in a mass of vegatation, in burrows. Nests in colonies. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with blackish-slate upper parts and throat, contrasting with white under parts. Sides mottled with grey. White plume extending back behind the eye. Stubby broad, upturned bill is reddish. In winter the under parts are entirely white. The Crested Auklet has dark grey under parts with a plume on the forehead.
HABITAT: Sea cliffs, rocky shores, open ocean. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult blackish above with a white wing patch. Under parts white mixed with variable grey. Forehead and area behind the eye show white plumes. Stubby bill with knob near base, is dark red. Winter plummage similar but under parts are completely white. Tiniest of the Auklets.
HABITAT: Rocky cliffs, open ocean. open ocean. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults mainly dark with three white plumes on the side of the head and dark plumes on the crown. Bill is orangish with a white tip.
HABITAT: Found on rocky islands off the Alaskan coast.
≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults slaty-black above, with dark grey under parts. Black quail-like crest on forehead, narrow white plumes behind the eye. Large reddish-orange bill. In winter, bill is smaller and duller, crest and plumes are smaller. Similar Parakeet Auklet does not have a crest on the forehead and has lighter under parts.
HABITAT: Sea cliffs, rocky shores, open ocean. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult blackish-brown above, with greyish-brown throat, breast, and flanks. Belly whitish. Two white plumes on the side of the head. Large yellow bill with a knob at the base. In winter, the plumes are reduced and there is no knob on the bill.Large size and bill shape distinctive.
HABITAT: Open ocean. Nests on coastal islands.
NESTING: One dull white egg at the end of a long burrow. Nests in colonies. `A pADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult blackish above with dark grey under parts. White face with pale yellow tufts behind the eye. Large orange and yellow bill. Winter birds lack tufts, have a grey face and a a duller bill. Dark grey under parts separate it from other puffins.
HABITAT: Open ocean. Nests on coastal islands. pA pADESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with black upper parts contrasting sharply with white under parts. White face , large brightly coloured bill. Only puffin found on the east coast. Winter adults with greyer face and duller bill. HABITAT: Open ocean. Nests on coastal islands and sea cliffs.In winter, the open ocean.
NESTING: One white egg at the end of a burrow in the ground or in a cliff. Nests in colonies. @A @ADESCRIPTION: Breeding adult with black upper parts contrasting sharply with white face and under parts. Large orange and yellow bill. Winter adult with grey face, duller bill. Found on North Pacific coasts. Similar Tufted Puffin has yellow head tufts and dark under parts.
HABITAT: Open ocean. Breeds on coastal islands, rocky shores and cliffs.
NESTING: One white egg in a burrow in crevices or sea cliffs. Nests in colonies. hA hADESCRIPTION: The familiar city pigeon. Plummage highly variable. Original wild birds with two dark wing bars, reddish legs, and a dark bill. In flight shows a white rump patch.
HABITAT: Cities, farms, and parks.
NESTING: Two white eggs in a nest of twigs and straw on buildings or a cliff. 0A XADESCRIPTION: Adults blackish overall with a white crown. Crown may be greyer on females. May show glossy green on the nape in good light.
RANGE: Wooded areas in the Florida Keys. `A `ADESCRIPTION: Adults dark overall. Bill red with a yellow tip. Maroon tinge on the head, neck and breast. Red eye. RANGE: Streamside forests in southern Texas. `A `ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish upper parts, purplish head and breast. Broad pale band across end of squarish tail. Yellow feet. Bill yellow with a black tip. Narrow white band on nape. HABITAT: Open woodlands, grainfields, suburban areas.
NESTING: One white egg on a platform of twigs 2.4 to
12 m up a coniferous or deciduous tree. `A xADESCRIPTION: Plummage variable. Some birds may be pure white to sandy brown with a thin black band on the nape. HABITAT: Suburban and open areas. @A `ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts, and a pale head. Back of neck with a band of black and white spots. Long, black tail with the corners tipped with white. HABITAT: Suburban areas, gardens. @A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish plummage overall. Black stripe across cheeks. Large white wing patches and shorter rounded tail distinguish it from the Mourning Dove.
HABITAT: Arid open areas, streamside forests. 0A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults slender with a long pointed tail. Brownish overall with paler under parts. Pinkish wash on under parts. Black mark under eye. Several black spots on the upper wing. In flight shows white on the outer tail feathers. Pointed tail distinguishes it from other pigeons and doves.
HABITAT: Open woods, fields, suburban areas.
NESTING: 2 white eggs in a frail platform of twigs 4.5 to 7.6 m up coniferous or deciduous tree. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults primarily greyish with a scaly pattern on the breast and upper parts. In flight shows a chestnut patch on the wings. Long, dark tail edged in white.
HABITAT: Brushy open areas, streamside forests. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Male brownish above with pinkish-grey under parts. Grey crown. Wings with black spots, some chestnut on the primaries. Female greyer overall. Short dark tail. Small size and chestnut primaries separate it from other doves.
HABITAT: Open areas and brushy thickets. á@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Male with rusty upper parts and a greyish head. Under parts are greyish and unmarked. In flight shows black edges on tail. The common Ground-Dove has scaling on the breast. RANGE: Southern Texas to southern California. ╨@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts. Pale forehead and throat. In flight shows white tips on the tail. HABITAT: Streamside forests in southern Texas. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults slender, with plain brown upper parts and white under parts. Black down-curved bill. Red eye ring. Long tail. The similar Yellow-billed Cuckoo has a yellower bill and rufous primaries. HABITAT: Open woodlands.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs in a nest on a low branch or tree. 0A HADESCRIPTION: Adults slender with brown upper parts, Pale greyish-white under parts. Downcurved bill with a yellow lower mandible. Long tail patterned underneath in black and white. Rufous colouration in primaries conspicuous in flight. Similar adult Black-billed Cuckoo lacks rufous primaries and has an all black bill.
HABITAT: Open woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 4 greenish-blue eggs in a frail nest of twigs 1 to 2.7 m in a low tree. 0A HADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a small black mask. Greyer on the crown. Throat and upper breast white, the abdomen buffy. Black tail with white spots underneath. The similar Yellow-billed Cuckoo shows some rufous in the wings.
HABITAT: Florida mangrove swamps. @A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults dark brown above with light streaks.Bare blue and red skin behind the eye. Under parts buffy with dark streaks. Long blackish tail edged with white. Long, heavy bill. May show a bushy crest. HABITAT: Arid and semi-arid open country. ╕A ╕ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black plummage overall and a long black tail. Large arched black bill. The similar Groove-billed Ani has a smaller bill etched with grooves. HABITAT: Open brushy areas, farmlands. PA PADESCRIPTION: Adults black overall with a faint purplish gloss. Large arched black bill. Long tail often dipped and wagged. Large bill separates it from other black coloured birds. May show a bushy crest. HABITAT: Open areas, brushy thickets. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with buffy upper parts, spotted with black and grey. Under parts white finely spotted with black. Long heart shaped face, black eyes, no ear tufts.
HABITAT: Forages over fields and open areas. Roosts in buildings, hollow trees, and cliffs.
NESTING: 5 to 8 white eggs in hollows in trees, cliffs, or barns. pA pADESCRIPTION: Plummage variable with red and grey phases. Similar to the Screech Owls, but smaller with dark, not yellow eyes. Prominent ear tufts. HABITAT: Pine, douglas fir, and coniferous woods.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in a woodpecker hole or tree cavity. └@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: A small eared owl with yellow eyes. Plummage either grey or rusty. Under parts marked with bars and streaks. HABITAT: Open woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a woodpecker hole or tree cavity. α@ ADESCRIPTION: A small eared owl with yellow eyes similar to the Eastern Screech Owl, but with more dark streaks on the plummage. The Flammulated Owl similar but slightly smaller with dark eyes. HABITAT: Open woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a tree cavity or woodpecker hole. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults greyish overall with dark streaking and barring, above and below. Yellow eyes. Prominent ear tufts. Slightly smaller than the very similar Western Screech-Owl. HABITAT: Found in deciduous woodlands. └@ ADESCRIPTION: A large brownish owl with prominent ear tufts. The similar Long-eared Owl is much smaller. Other large owls lack ear tufts. Plummage color is variable over its geographic range. Whitish throat. HABITAT: Coniferous and deciduous forests, parks, and arid regions.
NESTING: 2 or 3 white eggs in old abandoned nests, tree cavities, or cliff ledges. ÉA ╚ADESCRIPTION: A large white owl the size of the Great Horned Owl, but without ear tufts. Plummage generally white, with variable spotting and barring. Adult males usually pure white. HABITAT: Nests on arctic tundra. In migration, open areas, marshes, and lakeshores.
NESTING: 5 to 7 whitish eggs in a ground depression thinly lined with grass. ░A ╪ADESCRIPTION: A medium sized slender long-tailed owl without ear tufts. Upper parts dark brown spotted with white. Chest and abdomen barred in brown and white. Greyish-white facial disc with black outer border. Eyes yellow.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 7 white eggs in in a hollow tree cavity or an abandoned crow or hawk nest. `A êADESCRIPTION: The smallest owl. Primarily brownish with yellow eyes and no ear tufts. RANGE: Found in dry canyon areas in southwestern USA. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: A tiny western owl with a small head and no ear tufts. Upper parts greyish to reddish brown, spotted with buffy, especially on the head. The lower breast and abdomen is white, striped with dark brown. Long tail is dark brown with with buffy barring. Small size and black spot on nape distinctive.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woodland.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in an abandoned woodpecker hole in a coniferous or deciduous tree. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with rusty-brown or greyish-brown upper parts, with no ear tufts. White spots on top of head. Tail rusty with dark bars. Yellow eyes. Two large black spots on the nape. Under parts white streaked with reddish-brown.
HABITAT: Desert woodlands, streamside forests. ╨@ α@DESCRIPTION: A small round-headed owl without ear tufts. Long unfeathered legs and a short tail. Adults greyish-brown above, spotted with white and buff. Eyebrows and throat white. Breast and abdomen white barred with brown. Eyes yellow. HABITAT: Dry open grasslands.
NESTING: 6 to 10 eggs at the end of a ground burrow, dug and abandoned by a mammal. A ADESCRIPTION: A large round-headed hornless owl with black eyes. Plummage generally dark brown with white spotting on head, back, and under parts. Similar Barred Owl larger, with barred and streaked under parts. HABITAT: Coniferous forests, wooded canyons.
NESTING: 2 to 3 white eggs in a tree cavity or cliff crevice. äA ÿADESCRIPTION: A large round-headed hornless owl with black eyes. Upper parts greyish-brown barred with buffy and white. Under parts whitish, the chest barred and the abdomen streaked with brown. The similar Spotted Owl is smaller, richer brown in colour, with white spots on the plummage.
HABITAT: Dense coniferous and mixed woods, near lakes, streams, and marshes.
NESTING: 2 to 3 white eggs in a tree hollow, or an abandoned hawk or crows nest. ÉA ╕ADESCRIPTION: An extremely large grey hornless owl with a large facial disc, yellow eyes, and a long tail. Largest of all the owls. HABITAT: Boreal forests, brushy clearings, open country.
NESTING: 2 to 5 white eggs in an abandoned hawk or crow nest, 4.5 to 15 m up a tree. ╚A BDESCRIPTION: Medium-sized slender owl with conspicuous ear tufts. Upper parts dark brown, mixed with brown and white. Facial disk rusty. Abdomen and sides white barred with brown. Eyes yellow. The Great Horned Owl is heavier and larger. Screech Owls are smaller and lack the yellowish-brown facial disc.
HABITAT: Dense coniferous and mixed woods.
NESTING: 3 to 7 white eggs in an old hawk or crow nest 3 to 9 m up a tree. PA ÇADESCRIPTION: Medium-sized buffy white owl with very small ear tufts. Streaked above and below with brown. Yellow eyes. In flight shows black mark on the under wing.
HABITAT: Arctic tundra, marshes, and grasslands.
NESTING: 5 to 7 white eggs in a ground depression sparsely lined with grasses. PA êADESCRIPTION: A small owl lacking ear tufts. Upper parts chocolate brown streaked with white. Under parts white streaked with brown. Greyish white facial disc has black outer border. Eyes and bill yellow. HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed forests.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs in tree cavities or old woodpecker nests. A 8ADESCRIPTION: A very small hornless owl. Reddish brown above, white below with rusty streaks. Black bill. Crown streaked with white. The Boreal Owl is larger and has spots on the forehead, not streaks. The Northern Pygmy-Owl has darker streaking on the under parts.
HABITAT: Dense coniferous and deciduous forests. Moist thickets and bogs.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs in a tree cavity or old woodpecker hole. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Similar to the Common Nighthawk, but with paler brown upper parts, more uniformly mottled with black and buff. White throat. Pale wing band close to the tip of wing. Wing tips more rounded, less pointed. White band across base of tail.
HABITAT: Open country and arid regions. A ADESCRIPTION: Long, slender, pointed wings and slightly forked tail. Upper parts blackish, marbled and spotted with grey, white and buff. White bar across middle of wing conspicuous in flight. Narrow white band across tail. White throat. Female lacks tail band. The Lesser Nighthawk paler with the white wing bar closer to the tip and a wider tail band.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: Usually two eggs laid on the ground on sand, gravel or rock, in open places. A ADESCRIPTION: Male greyish-brown overall with black mottling above and below. White throat and wing patch. Long, pointed wings and a notched tail. Separated from the very similar Common Nighthawk by voice.
RANGE: Open country on the Florida Keys. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults greyish-brown overall, finely streaked with black above and below. Long rounded tail separates it from other nighthawks. Broad white bands on wings easily seen in flight. Tail with white patches. Chestnut ear patch, and white throat band. HABITAT: Brushy woodlands and thickets. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts mottled in grey, brown, and black. Cheeks, throat and upper breast dark, the throat crossed by a white band. Bristles on the sides of the mouth. Tail short and rounded. Does not show a white wing bar like the nighthawks.
NESTING: 2 pinkish-white eggs laid on bare ground or on a rock, often partly shaded by a bush. α@ ADESCRIPTION: The largest nightjar. Brownish overall mottled with buff and black. Brown throat bordered with a white necklace. Long rounded tail. Long bristles on the side of the mouth. The Whip-poor-will is smaller, with darker brown colours, and a black throat.
HABITAT: Coniferous, deciduous, and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 2 whitish eggs, spotted with brown and purplish-grey, laid on the ground. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults mottled with brown, grey, and black. Has a white breast band and a buffy collar that crosses the nape. RANGE: Desert canyons of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male mottled in brown, grey, and black. Throat blackish bordered by a white necklace. Long wings and a rounded tail. Long black bristles on the side of the mouth. Shows some white in the tail. The Chuck-wills-widow is larger with a brown throat and less white in the tail.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands, wooded canyons.
NESTING: 2 white eggs spotted with grey and brown, laid on bare ground or leaf litter. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male sooty-black above and below, slightly paler on the head and neck. Long slightly forked tail. Female similar. The Vaux's and Chimney Swifts are paler and smaller.
HABITAT: Mountainous country at great heights.
NESTING: One white egg laid in a crevice of a mountain canyon or cliff. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Upper parts dark sooty brown, palest on the rump. Cigar shaped body with a short stubby tail. Long, narrow pointed wings. The very similar Vaux's Swift is paler below. Small size distinguishes it from the Black Swift.
HABITAT: Forages high in the air over water and land.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs laid in hollow trees, rock crevices, chimneys, or old buildings. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Sooty brown upper parts, paler below. Small cigar shape body with a short stubby tail. The smallest swift, smaller than the very similar Chimney Swift. HABITAT: Forages at great heights over woodlands and valleys, usually near water.
NESTING: 4 to 6 dull white eggs in a basket of twigs and weeds, inside a hollow tree or chimney. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Upper parts brownish-black. Throat, breast and belly white, the sides black. White patch on either side of rump. Long wings and forked tail. The Violet-green Swallow has all white under parts. The only swift with extensive white patches. HABITAT: Mountainous country, canyons, and cliffs.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a cup of feathers and grass in the crevice of a cliff wall. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults mainly dark green with a blue streak across the side of the head and a blue breast.
RANGE: Southern and central Texas. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Male with green upper parts and and a bright blue gorget. Blackish-blue fork tail. Breast and belly green with white under tail coverts. Female is greyer below, has a white line extending back from the eye.
HABITAT: Streamside forests, desert canyons. `@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male with a metallic green back, the crown and chin purple. There is a broad white stripe above the eye. The throat is emerald green. The female does not show purple on the head and the throat and upper breast is spotted green.
RANGE: Southeastern Arizona mountains. p@ p@DESCRIPTION: Adults metallic green overall with brown rump, wings, and tail. Lower belly of male is chestnut, the female is grey.
RANGE: Mountain areas of southeastern Arizona. ê@ ê@DESCRIPTION: Adults with bronze-green upper parts, and a chestnut tail. Throat and breast bright green, the abdomen buffy. Long orangish bill with a black tip. HABITAT: Open woodlands, brushy thickets, and gardens. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with bronze-green upper parts and a violet crown. Under parts pure white. Long reddish bill. RANGE: Streamside forests in southwestern U.S.A. p@ ê@DESCRIPTION: Male with green upper parts. White eyebrow,and line below eye. Blue throat. Tail bluish black tipped with white. Under parts mainly dark grey. Female similar but lacks the blue throat. RANGE: Streamside forests in southwestern U.S.A. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with bright green upper parts and a purple crown. Throat green, the breast and upper belly black. Female green above and grey below. HABITAT: Mountain meadows. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with metallic green upper parts. Head with a white eyestripe and whisker stripe, and a red throat. Under parts white. White patch on rump and flanks. HABITAT: Arid regions of southeastern Arizona. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with bronze-green upper parts and a long, thin downcurved bill. Throat and face purplish. Under parts mainly white with green sides. Tail deeply forked. Female similar but lacks the purple throat and face. Under parts with a buffy tinge. The Similar Costa's Hummingbird has a purple crown.
RANGE: Meadows in southwestern mountain regions. p@ p@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with glossy green upper parts, the throat bright red. Breast and abdomen greyish-white, sides dusky green. Tail forked. Female smilar but with greyish white throat and an unforked tail. Only hummingbird seen over most of the east.
HABITAT: Gardens, orchards, woodland clearings.
NESTING: 2 white eggs in a cup of plant material on the limb of a tree. @@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male metallic green above. Upper throat black, lower throat purplish-violet. Breast and belly whitish with dusky green flanks. Female similar but with a white throat. Very similar to the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. HABITAT: Meadows, gardens.
NESTING: 2 white eggs in a nest of plant material, held together with cobwebs. @@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male with dark red head and throat. Remaining upper parts greenish, sides and flanks duller green. Under parts greyish mixed with green. Female has variable red on throat, some spots on the crown. Red head on the male separates it from other hummingbirds.
HABITAT: Brushy desert areas, coastal lowlands. @@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male with purplish-red head and throat. Remaining upper parts greenish, under parts whitish mixed with dusky green. Female similar with purplish-red flecks on the throat and head. The similar Anna's Hummingbird has a redder head and throat.
HABITAT: Brushy desert areas, coastal lowlands. @@ `@DESCRIPTION: Male iridescent green above. White throat with long, narrow purple feathers forming streaks. White under parts with greenish flanks. Female with white throat streaked with dusky. Under parts white with cinnamon flanks. Female Allen's and Rufous Hummingbirds show red spots on the throat.
HABITAT: Woodland openings, mountain meadows and canyons.
NESTING: 2 white eggs in a cup of plant material bound with cobwebs, on a sloping branch. @@ `@DESCRIPTION: Male with brilliant green upper parts and a rose-red throat. Under parts mainly white. Female similar but lacks the red throat. Flanks are tinged with cinnamon. HABITAT: Alpine meadows and woodlands. Ç@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male with cinnamon rufous upper parts, glossy green on the crown. Under parts cinnamon rufous, paling to whitish on the breast. Female with green upper parts, cinnamon in the tail. Throat flecked with cinnamon and green. Sides and flanks cinnamon rufous. Female Similar to Allen's Hummingbird.
HABITAT: Wide variety of habitats including valleys and meadows.
NESTING: 2 white eggs in a cup of plant material bound with cobwebs. `@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Male with a brilliant green back and crown. Bright orangish-red gorget. Rufous sides, flanks, and tail. Wings green. The very similar Rufous Hummingbird does not have any green on the upper parts. HABITAT: Brushy open areas, meadows, and gardens. `@ `@DESCRIPTION: Male with bright green upper parts, head, and breast. Remaining under parts red. Curved yellow bill. Tail tipped with black. Female similar but the green is replaced with greyish-brown. The breast is whitish bordering a red belly.
HABITAT: Streamside forests in southwestern U.S.A. 8A 8ADESCRIPTION: Male with slate-blue upper parts and a bushy crest. Long, thick pointed bill. White collar around neck. Under parts rusty. Female similar but with a slate-blue breast bordered with a white band.
RANGE: Streamside forests in southern Texas. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: Male upper parts greyish-blue with a white collar around neck. White under parts with a greyish-blue breast band. Large crested head. Straight pointed bill. Short legs. Female is similar to male but with a second rufous breast band below the first. Sides and flanks rufous.
HABITAT: Vicinity of lakes, ponds, and rivers. Coastal areas.
NESTING: 6 to 7 white eggs at the end of a burrow in the face of a steep earth bank. 0A pADESCRIPTION: Male with green upper parts and a white collar. Long, thick, black bill. Rufous breast, the abdomen white, spotted with dark green. In the female the rufous breast is replaced with heavy dark spotting. RANGE: Streamside forests in southern Texas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greenish-black upper parts, and grey collar. Face dark red. Upper breast grey shading into rose on flanks and belly. HABITAT: Open woodlands.
NESTING: 6 to 7 dull white eggs normally in the cavity of a dead tree. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black back, red head and neck. Wings black with a large white patch. Under parts and rump completely white. HABITAT: Open woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 7 white eggs in a cavity of a dead tree, pole, or fence post. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts and a white. rump. Red crown and a black mask. Black chin with a yellowish throat. White cheeks. Black breast with a white abdomen, the sides streaked with black. White wing patch conspicuous in flight.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts barred with white. Male with a small red crown patch. Head and under parts yellowish-brown. The similar Golden-fronted Woodpecker has a orangish nape, greyer under parts. HABITAT: Cactus deserts, brushy woodlands, streamside forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with a black back barred with white. Yellowish-orange nape, the male with a red crown patch. Yellowish patch above the bill. Under parts greyish with a faint yellowish tinge. In flight shows a white rump and wing patch. The similar Red-bellied Woodpecker has a red crown and nape.
HABITAT: Dry southern woodlands, and brushy areas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with black and white barred back and wings. Crown and nape dark red. Under parts brownish-grey with rose patch on the belly. Female similar but with grey crown. Similar Golden-fronted Woodpecker has an orange nape.
HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a cavity of a dead tree at heights up to 12 m. A ADESCRIPTION: Male with black upper parts marked with white. Black wing with large white patch. Crown and throat red. Head black with white stripes. Black patch on breast. Under parts yellowish-white with black streaks on the flanks. Female similar but with white throat and yellow belly. Similar Red-naped Sapsucker has a red nape and crown.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs in a cavity in a dead tree at various heights. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black back marked with white. Black wings with a large white patch. Crown, nape, and throat red. Black and white markedhead. Black breast with pale yellow belly. Similar Yellow-bellied Sapsucker does not have red on the nape and the female has a white throat.
HABITAT: Deciduous forests.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs in the cavity of a dead tree at various heights. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with bright red head, neck, and breast. Black back with some white marks. White rump. Large white patch on wings. Under parts pale yellow with black streaks on the flanks. Similar Red-headed Woodpecker has pure white under parts.
HABITAT: Deciduous and coniferous forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Black upper parts with white rump and wing patch. Two white stripes on the side of the head. Under parts with red throat, black breast, and yellow belly. Female has its back and wings barred with black and white. Head and throat brown. Breast black. Yellow belly, black streaks on the flanks.
HABITAT: Open coniferous woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs in the cavity of a dead or partly dead tree. A ADESCRIPTION: The adult has black upperparts with white barring on the back. The male has a red crown and nape. The female has a black crown. A dark line extends back from the eye then downwards and back to the bill. The cheeks are greyish-white. The underparts are whitish with dark spots on the sides. Similar to the Nuttall's Woodpecker.
HABITAT: Found in dry brushy areas in the south western USA. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts spotted with white. Male has a red crown patch. Black and white patterned face. Under parts white, sides and flanks streaked with black. The similar Ladder-backed Woodpecker has buffier under parts, less black on the face.
HABITAT: Streamside forests and wooded canyons. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Male mainly black above with a broad white patch on back. Black and white head marking with a red spot on the rear of the crown. White spotting on black wings. Under parts whitish-grey. Short black bill. Female similar but lacks red on crown. Similar Hairy Woodpecker is larger with a longer bill.
HABITAT: Open deciduous and mixed woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a cavity of a dead or partly dead tree up to 18 m above ground. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Male mainly black above with a broad white stripe down back. Black and white head markings with a red spot on the rear of the crown. White spotting on black wings. Under parts mainly whitish. Long dark bill. Similar Downy Woodpecker smaller with a shorter bill. HABITAT: Deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs in a cavity of a living or dead tree. A (ADESCRIPTION: Adults with unmarked brown upper parts. Brown crown with a small red patch on the top of the nape. White face with a brown ear patch. Under parts white spotted with brown. Males may have buffy tinge on the breast. The solid brown back separates it from other woodpeckers.
HABITAT: South-western wooded canyons. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts barred with white. Black crown and white cheeks. Under parts white, the sides and flanks spotted with black. The similar Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers have more white on the back and do not have distinctive white cheeks. HABITAT: Mature deciduous woodlands. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with completely black bodies, wings with a narrow white patch. Mainly white head with a black nape and a red spot on the rear of the crown. The red spot is absent in the female.
HABITAT: Open ponderosa pine forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Male with black and white barring down the centre of the back. Black wings and tail. Black and white head markings with a yellow crown. Heavy black and white barring on the flanks. Female lacks the yellow crown. The similar Black-backed Woodpecker does not show any white on the back. The female Hairy Woodpecker lacks barring on the flanks.
HABITAT: Coniferous Woodlands.
NESTING: Eggs laid in the cavity of a dead or living tree. A ADESCRIPTION: Male with mainly black upper parts. Head with black and white markings and a yellow crown. Flanks heavily barred in black and white. Female similar but lacks yellow crown. Similar Three-toed Woodpecker has white markings on its back.
HABITAT: Coniferous woodlands.
NESTING: Eggs laid in a cavity of a dead or living tree. A ADESCRIPTION: "Yellow-shafted" male with brown upper parts barred with black. Grey crown and nape with a scarlet crescent across nape. White rump. Yellowish-brown face and breast with a black moustache and breast band. Yellowish under parts heavily spotted with black. "Red-shafted" with grey face, brown crown and nape, reddish flight feathers.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, farmlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 6 to 9 white eggs in a tree cavity at various heights. @A PADESCRIPTION: Very large woodpecker with a primarily black body, and a red crested head. White stripe on the side of the head down to the neck, and a white throat. Male also has a red streak behind the bill. HABITAT: Mature woodlands, suburban areas, parks.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in an excavated cavity, in a dead or living tree. ÇA áADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts and a small, bushy crest. Two buffy wing bars. Under parts pale grey becoming whitish on the abdomen. Small size, lack of white eyering or wing bars separates it from other flycatchers.
HABITAT: Streamside forests in southwestern United States. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, white patches on sides of rump. Sides and flanks greyish-olive contrasting with white under parts. Bill blackish above, brownish below. Generally larger than the Pewees and smaller than the Kingbirds.
HABITAT: Coniferous forests, bogs, burntlands, or woodland clearings.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in nest of twigs, lichens and mosses, usually in a coniferous tree. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with dull greyish-olive upper parts, and a small pointed crest. Lower mandible yellowish orange. Two faint wing bars. Under parts greyish tinged with olive.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark greyish-olive upper parts, with pale grey wing bars. White throat, breast and sides greyish-olive, abdomen pale yellowish-white. Bill blackish above, yellowish below. Inseparable from Eastern Wood-Pewee except by range and voice. The Eastern Phoebe lacks wing bars. Lack of eye ring separates it from other flycatchers.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs in a cup-shaped nest of grasses, and plant material. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, pale grey wing bars. White throat, breast and sides greyish-olive, abdomen pale yellowish white. Bill blackish above, yellowish below. Inseperable from Western Wood-Pewee except by range and voice. Eastern Phoebe lacks wing bars. Lack of eye ring separates it from other flycatchers.er flycatchers.
HABITAT: Open deciduous woodlands, mixed forests, suburban areas.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs in a cup shaped nest of grasses and plant material. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts, tail a deep greyish-brown. Pale yellow eye ring. Two whitish or yellowish wing bars. Under parts pale yellow, the breast tinged with olive. The yellow under parts separate it from other flycatchers of similar size. The Acadian Flycatcher has a white throat.
HABITAT: Thickets, bogs, wooded streams.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown on the ground in a nest of grass and moss. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts, pale yellow eye ring. Two whitish wing bars. Under parts whitish tinged with yellow. White throat distinguishes it from the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Separable from the Alder and Least Flycatchers by range, habitat and voice. HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: Usually 3 white eggs in a shallow nest suspended in the fork of a branch. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greenish-olive upper parts, whitish eye ring and wing bars. Throat white, breast and sides greyish-olive. Belly and under tail coverts whitish tinged with yellow. Separable from Willow Fly-catcher by range, habitat, and voice.
HABITAT: Alder or willow thickets along streams, lakes, ponds, and bogs.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a cup-like nest in an upright crotch of a bush. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts, whitish eye ring and wing bars. White throat, breast and sides greyish-olive, belly and under tail coverts whitish with a yellowish tinge. Separable from Alder Flycatcher by range, habitat and voice.
HABITAT: Shrubbery along streams and lake edges, adjacent to grassland rather than woodland.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a cup-like nest, placed in a upright crotch of a bush. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, whitish eye ring and wing bars. Throat white, breast and sides pale grey. Belly and under tail coverts whitish tinged with pale yellow. Separable in field from the Willow and Alder Flycatchers by voice and habitat.
HABITAT: Open deciduous and mixed woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 6 creamy white eggs in a cup-like nest set in an upright crotch of a tree. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, white eye ring and wing bars. Greyer on the head. Breast and sides pale olive-grey, belly and under tail coverts whitish to yellowish.Very similar to Dusky Flycatcher, separable by habitat.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed forests of western mountains.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in a cup-like nest placed in the fork of a horizontal branch. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, with a white eye ring. Throat white with olive-grey breast and yellowish abdomen. Outer tail feathers have whitish edges. Two white wing bars. Very similar to Hammond's Flycatcher. May be separated by habitat. HABITAT: Dry brushy areas among coniferous or deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 4 dull white eggs in a cup-like nest in an upright crotch of a bush. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with pale grey upper parts and a white eye ring. Two whitish wing bars. Whitish under parts with a dusky wash across the breast. Similar to the Dusky Flycatcher but paler with a longer bill.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults brownish-olive above with two white wing bars. Whitish eye ring. Under parts yellow tinged with olive on the breast. Separated from the Cordilleran Flycatcher by voice.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, coniferous woods.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in a cup-like nest of plant fibre and moss. ░@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults brownish-olive above with two white wings bars. White eye ring. Under parts yellow with an olive tinge on the breast. Distinguished from the Pacific-slope Flycatcher by voice. HABITAT: Open woodlands, coniferous forests.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs in a cup-like nest of plant fibres and moss. ░@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish upper parts. White eye ring and two white wing bars. Under parts with a buffy breast and pale abdomen. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black head and upper parts. Under parts show a black breast contrasting sharply with a white belly and under tail coverts. HABITAT: Woodlands, parks, suburban areas. ╨@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive back turning to blackish-brown on the wings and the head. Under parts white, flanks greyish-olive. Breast may be tinged with olive. Lack of distinctive wing bars separates it from the Pewees. Lack of eye ring separates it from other small flycatchers. It also has a a completely black bill.
HABITAT: Vicinity of streams and lakes in woodlands. Suburban areas and farmlands.
NESTING: Usually 5 white eggs in a bulky nest of moss mud, amd grass on various rock ledges. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts, darkest on the head. Brownish wings and black tail. Throat and breast greyish with a cinnamon belly and under tail coverts.
HABITAT: Dry open areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a nest of plant fibres and grass, placed on a sheltered ledge. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Crown and under parts bright red. Side of head and upper parts brownish-grey. Wings and tail blackish. The female has brownish-grey upper parts with a blackish tail. Narrow white eyebrow. Throat and breast white, finely streaked. Abdomen pale salmon to buffy. HABITAT: Streamside forests and thickets. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts and a bushy crest. Grey breast and throat, the abdomen pale yellow. The very similar Ash-throated Flycatcher has more chestnut in tail and greyer upper parts. HABITAT: Wooded canyons, streamside forests. ╨@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a bushy crest. White throat, pale grey breast and pale yellow abdomen. Inner webs of tail rufous. Under parts much paler than the Brown-crested and Great Crested Fly-catchers. The Dusky-capped Flycatcher has a yellower belly.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, and deserts. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-brown upper parts and a bushy crest. Two white wing bars. Tail with rufous on the inner webs. Throat and breast grey with a yellow belly and under tail coverts. Similar Brown-crested Flycatcher has paler under parts.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woods on taller trees.
NESTING: 4 to 6 eggs in a natural cavity or old woodpecker hole, in a dead or living tree. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and bushy crest. Wings and tail with chestnut tinge. Two white wing bars. Throat and upper breast light grey, the remaining under parts pale yellow. Bill is all black. The very similar Great Crested Flycatcher is darker above, has yellower under parts.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands.ods on taller trees. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish upper parts, the wings and tail chestnut. White head with black mask and crown. Yellow crown patch concealed. Under parts bright yellow.
RANGE: Streamside forests in southern United States. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts heavily streaked with dusky. Black streak from the eye to the bill. Rusty tail. Under parts pale yellow streaked with black. HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, grey head with a whitish throat. Wings and tail dark brown, the tail slightly notched. Breast olive, becoming yellowish on the abdomen. The very similar Couch's Kingbird has a thicker bill and a more olive back. The Western and Cassin's Kingbirds have smaller bills.
RANGE: Streamside forests in the southern United States. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts, the wings and tail brownish. Grey head with a whitish throat. Large thick bill. Under parts yellow. Very similar to the Tropical Kingbird. Best distinguished by voice. The Cassin's and Western Kingbirds have shorter bills.
RANGE: Streamside forests in southern U.S.A. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-brown upper parts, a grey head and white chin. Under parts yellow. The Western Kingbird has a paler grey head and its tail is edged in white. The Couch's and Tropical Kingbirds have larger bills.
HABITAT: Open woodlands and streamside forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts, the head greyish-black. Under parts whitish with a pale yellow wash on the abdomen. In autumn the under parts are much yellower. Autumn birds distinguished from the similar Tropical Kingbird by their darker head, and thicker bill.
HABITAT: Streamside forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with a grey back tinged with olive. Head, neck, and breast grey. Belly yellow. Orange-red crown patch usually concealed. Black tail with white edges. Dusky-black wings. Cassin's Kingbird lacks white in tail. Tropical and Couch's Kingbirds have a longer, thicker bill, darker earpatch, and notched tail.
HABITAT: Dry open areas, grasslands, and open mountain areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a nest of grass, hair, and material in trees and shrubs. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with blackish-slate upper parts, the top and sides of head black. White throat and under parts, the breast tinged with grey. Reddish-orange crown patch usually concealed. Tail black with a white tip.
HABITAT: Open areas, fields, pastures, sometimes near water.
NESTING: 3 to 4 eggs in a bulky nest of grass and twigs on a branch, fence post or tree stump. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with ashy-grey upper parts, blackish streak through eye. Red crown patch usually concealed. Forked tail lacks white tip. Under parts white with a yellowish tinge on the belly and under tail coverts.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. A ADESCRIPTION: Male with grey head and back. Very long forked tail, blackish wings. Red crown patch usually concealed. White throat and pale grey breast. Sides, flanks, and under tail coverts salmon. Female similar but with duller colours and a shorter tail. HABITAT: Open country and grasslands. @A pADESCRIPTION: Adults with a grey back, black head, dark wings, and a long forked black tail. Under parts mainly white. The similar Scissor-tailed Flycatcher does not have a black crown.
HABITAT: Open areas. PA xADESCRIPTION: Male with grey upper parts and a blackish crown. Under parts pale grey with a rosy throat. Females with browner upper parts, lacks the rose coloured throat. HABITAT: Streamside forests and thickets in southern Arizona and Texas.
╨@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with buffy-brown upper parts heavily streaked with black. Buffy-white eyebrow. Head sometimes shows a slight crest. Throat whitish streaked with brown. Breast buffy brown with with black streaks. Belly and under tail coverts white. Tail shows white edges.
HABITAT: Open areas, fields.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greyish-white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass on the ground. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts. Black stripe on crown extends to two "horns". Black ear patch and bib. Tail black with brown central feathers. Under parts whitish with buffy flanks. Head pattern is distinctive.
HABITAT: Open areas, beaches, tundra.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a nest of grass and plants, in a hollow on the ground. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Male dark glossy purplish-blue above and below. Wings and tail blackish. Female with dark blue and grey upper parts, sometimes with a grey collar. Throat, breast, and sides greyish-brown. Belly and under tail coverts white. Forked tail, upper mandible slightly hooked.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 dull white eggs usually in man-made bird houses. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with glossy greenish-blue upper parts, including upper head. Lower head and under parts white. Female similar but duller upper parts. The similar Violet-green Swallow has the white on the head extending above the eye. HABITAT: Areas near water or moist ground. Likes standing dead trees for nesting.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs in a tree cavity, bird box or old woodpecker hole. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with glossy greenish-bronze back and crown. Rump and upper tail coverts violet. Under parts white extending to the sides of the rump. White in the face extends above the eye. This separates it from the similar Tree Swallow. The female is similar but with duller upper parts, the crown and nape mostly brownish.
HABITAT: Open country, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs in cliff crevices, bird boxes, or woodpecker holes. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with green upper parts and white under parts. White throat and cheeks sharply separated from green cap. Sharply forked tail. RANGE: Florida Keys. ╕@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts, white under parts. Greyish-brown wash on throat and upper breast. The similar Bank Swallow has a white throat with a clearly defined dark breast band. HABITAT: Areas containing suitable nesting. Burrows in banks of sand and gravel, other cavities.
NESTING: 6 to 7 white eggs in burrows in sand or clay banks, and other natural cavities. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts, white under parts. Dark band across breast separates it from the Northern Rough- winged Swallow. HABITAT: Areas containing suitable nesting. Burrows in banks of clay or gravel.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs in a nest at the end of a tunnel excavated in steep banks by the bird. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a glossy blue crown and whitish forehead. Back glossy blue streaked with white. Rump cinnamon-buff. Throat and face chestnut with black on the lower throat. Breast and flanks greyish-brown, belly whitish. Short squarish tail. Similar Cave Swallow has a buffy throat and cinnamon forehead.
HABITAT: Cliffs and canyons, bridges. Forages over open areas, wet and dry.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a closed in nest of mud pellets plastered to cliff and canyon walls. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark glossy blue crown, and a cinnamon forehead. Back dark glossy blue with white streaks. Rump dark cinnamon- buff. Face and throat buffy, breast and sides pale greyish-brown. Belly whitish. Short squarish tail. The similar Cliff Swallow has a whitish forehead and chestnut throat and face.
HABITAT: Limestone caves, culverts, bridges. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with dark blue upper parts, and a chestnut forehead. Throat and upper breast chestnut, the breast bordered with dark blue. Remaining under parts pale cinnamon. Tail deeply forked. Femmale similar but duller above and paler below.
HABITAT: Forages over water, marshes and open areas. Nests on buildings, bridges.
NESTING: 4 to 6 eggs in a nest of mud, under bridges in caves, or other protected areas. └@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with white head, blackish-slate cap on rear crown and nape. Remaining upper parts slate-grey, under parts grey.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed wood forests.
NESTING: 2 to 6 eggs in a nest of twigs, bark, and grass in a tree 1.2 to 4.5 m above ground. 0A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults with blackish head and upper breast. The remaining plummage is deep blue. The wings and tail usually with some black bars. Black crest on head. HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed wood forests, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, usually in a coniferous tree. @A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with blue upper parts and a crested head. Face and under parts greyish-white. Black necklace, white spots in the wings and tail.
HABITAT: Mixed and deciduous woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 eggs in a bulky nest of sticks and moss, lined with grass in a coniferous tree. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with bright green upper parts and a blue head. Black area around the eye connects to the black chin and throat. Under parts pale yellowish green. Tail is yellow underneath tipped with blue. RANGE: Woodlands along the Rio Grande in Texas. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts, throat, and upper breast. Remaining under parts paler. Large bill and long tail. HABITAT: Open woodlands, second growth. ÇA ÇADESCRIPTION: Adults with a blue crestless head. Back with a large greyish-brown patch. Remaining upper parts blue. White throat bordered by a blue-grey breast band. Remaining under parts greyish white. Similar Gray-breast Jay has plain grey under parts and throat with no brown on the back.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, suburban areas. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with blue upper parts, the back mixed with grey. Under parts primarily grey. The similar Scrub Jay has a whiter throat. The Pinyon Jay is completely blue.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. @A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults blue overall, with a long, pointed bill. Throat lightly streaked with white. Other western jays have whitish under parts or a conspicuous crest. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. (A (ADESCRIPTION: Adults with grey head and body, whitish throat and forehead. Black wings with white wing patch. Tail white with black central feathers. HABITAT: Open coniferous woods in western mountains.
NESTING: 2 to 4 eggs in a nest of twigs, lined with grass, in coniferous trees. (A (ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black head and back. Wings glossy greenish-blue, very long glossy green tail. White patch in wings. Upper breast black, lower breast and belly white. Bill and legs black. Similar Yellow-billed Magpie has a yellow bill and yellow around the eye.
HABITAT: Thickets and brushy areas.
NESTING: 6 to 9 eggs in a domed over mass of sticks, with an inside cup of mud, lined with grass. ÉA ░ADESCRIPTION: Adults with a black head and back. The wings are glossy greenish-blue with a large white patch. Long iridescent tail. Upper breast is black, the lower breast and belly is white. Yellow bill and yellow patch of bare skin around the eye. The similar Black-billed Magpie has a black bill and no yellow around the eye.
HABITAT: Woodlands and streamside forests, fields and residential areas. êA êADESCRIPTION: Adults black overall with a grey nape and cheeks. Smallest crow.
RANGE: Rare in northeastern states.
HABITAT:
NESTING: HA HADESCRIPTION: Adults with all black plummage. Differs from the Common Raven by its smaller size, voice, and fan-shaped rather than wedge-shaped tail. Northwestern Crow very similar but has a limited range, different voice. HABITAT: Adapted to a wide variety of habitats.
NESTING: 4 to 6 greenish eggs, spotted with brown, in a sturdy nest of sticks, usually in trees. êA ¿ADESCRIPTION: Adults with black plummage overall. Very similar to the American Crow but smaller with a different voice. Has a limited range in North America.
HABITAT: Coastal shores and beaches of the Pacific northwest.
NESTING: 4 to 5 eggs in a nest of sticks and twigs, usually in a coniferous tree. ÇA êADESCRIPTION: Adults completely black with a glossy purplish tinge. Black bill and legs. The American Crow is larger and has a different voice. HABITAT: Limited range along the Rio Grande river in Texas. pA pADESCRIPTION: Adults with black plummage overall. Very similar to the American Crow but smaller with a different voice. HABITAT: Salt and freshwater marshes, coastal areas, river valleys. ÇA áADESCRIPTION: Adults with completely black plummage. Stout bill and long wedge-shaped tail. The Common Raven is larger. The American Crow has a smaller bill and a different shaped tail.
HABITAT: Desert areas, scrub grasslands. áA áADESCRIPTION: Adults with completely black plummage. Long wedge-shaped tail, heavy bill, and large size separate it from other crows.
HABITAT: Forest habitats, arctic regions, mountains, and deserts.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a large mass of sticks on a cliff ledge or conifer tree. ░A ╪ADESCRIPTION: Adults with crown and nape black, whitish face. Back olive-grey, wings and tail blackish-slate. Black chin and throat. Under parts white with buffy flanks. The similar Carolina Chickadee is smaller, with greyer wings and a different voice.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands, suburban areas, clearings.
NESTING: 6 to 8 dull white eggs, spotted with reddish brown, in a natural cavity or bird box. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black crown, nape, and throat. White cheeks. Upper parts greyish-olive, under parts whitish. Very similar to the Black-capped Chickadee but the wings are greyer and the voice is different.
HABITAT: Open deciduous woods, suburban areas. ê@ ÿ@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts. Black crown and bib, white cheeks. Under parts whitish, with grey flanks. The similar Mountain Chickadee has a white eyebrow. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black crown, nape, and throat. White eyebrow stripe and white cheeks. Upper parts greyish-olive, under parts whitish with grey sides and flanks. Similar Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees do not have a white eyebrow, and are not as grey on the under parts.
HABITAT: Conifeous forests in mountainous regions. Also mixed woodlands and thickets.
NESTING: 6 to 12 white eggs, spotted with reddish brown, in a cavity or woodpecker hole. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Similar to the Boreal Chickadee but much paler and greyer, crown and back much greyer, sides and flanks brownish-buff. Black throat. Cheeks are much whiter than those of the Boreal Chickadee. HABITAT: Broken coniferous or aspen woods near northern edges of the tree limit.
NESTING: 6 to 9 white eggs in a cavity in a tree stump. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown crown and nape. Black throat, greyish cheeks. Brown back with slate wings and tail. Under parts whitish with cinnamon-brown sides and flanks. Separated from other chickadees by its more brownish colouration.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 7 eggs in a natural cavity or woodpecker hole, in a nest of moss and bark. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark brown crown and nape. Black throat and white cheeks. Back and rump chestnut. Whitish under parts with chestnut sides and flanks. The similar Boreal Chickadee is browner overall. HABITAT: Coniferous and deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 6 to 7 whitish eggs in a natural cavity or woodpecker hole, in a nest of moss and hair. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a small crest, paler underneath. Interior birds are plain grey overall. The Tufted Titmouse has a black forehead, darker grey upperparts.
HABITAT: Mixed western woodlands. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts and a large crest tipped with black. White cheeks with a black line through the eye extending back to the black throat. Under parts light grey. Facial pattern and black bib distinctive.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with plain grey upper parts and a crested head. Black area on forehead. Under parts whitish with pale rusty flanks. Some Texas birds show a black crest and a white forehead. The Plain Titmouse is grey overall, and slightly smaller.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 5 to 6 whitish eggs in a natural cavity or woodpecker hole, lined with moss and grass. └@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts and a yellow head. Chestnut patch on the shoulder. Throat yellow, the remaining under parts are light grey. HABITAT: Arid desert regions, streamside forests, dry brushy areas. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown crown, back and rump brownish-grey. Under parts brownish-white. Longer tail and lack of definite markings separates it from the kinglets.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed open woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 5 to 7 dull white eggs in a bag-like nest woven of mosses, lichens, and plant down. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black crown and nape. White eyebrow and black stripe through the eye. White cheeks and throat. Upper parts greyish-blue, under parts rusty. Female similar but has a greyish-blue crown and paler under parts.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 7 eggs in a cavity of a tree or stump, in a nest of bark and grass, lined with hair. Ç@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black crown and nape, remaining upper parts bluish-grey. Face and under parts white. May have some rust on the under tail coverts. The Red-breasted Nuthatch has a black line through the eye. The Pygmy Nuthatch has a brown cap and does not have any white above the eye.
HABITAT: In the east, deciduous woodlands. In the west, ponderosa pines.
NESTING: 5 to 9 eggs in a tree hole or natural cavity in a nest of twigs and grass. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown crown, with a whitish spot on the nape. Remaining upper parts bluish-grey. Whitish face turning to buffy on the remaining under parts. Similar White-breasted Nuthatch whiter below with white extending above the eye.
HABITAT: Open western pine woodlands.
NESTING: 6 to 8 white eggs flecked with brown, in a cavity in a dead tree. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts and a brown crown extending down to the nape. Pale spot visible at the bottom of the nape. White cheeks and buffy under parts. The similar White-breasted Nuthatch has a black crown.
HABITAT: Pine woodlands. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with deep brown upper parts streaked with greyish-white. Chestnut on rump and upper tail coverts. Slender, downcurved bill. White line above eye. Under parts whitish. Wings brown with a buffy patch. Longer than average tail.
HABITAT: Coniferous and deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs spotted with reddish-brown under loose tree bark, or in a tree hole. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts and a tall blackish crest. Red patch behind the eye. Under parts primarily white, but with red under tail coverts. Tail tipped with white. HABITAT: Localy established in parks and suburban areas of Miami, Florida. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults brown above spotted and streaked with white. Brown crown and white eyebrow. Wings with heavy white barring. Under parts buffy, the throat and breast heavily streaked with black. The similar Sage Thrasher does not have a white eyebrow.
HABITAT: Desert cactus and brush. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a cinnamon rump. Tail brownish tipped with buff and crossed by a black band. Throat and breast whitish, finely streaked with dusky. Buffy on sides and flanks. HABITAT: Arid and semi-arid areas on rocky outcrops, canyons and scrublands.
NESTING: 4 to 8 eggs in crevices among rocks in a nest of grass and weeds, lined with hair. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown crown, nape, and upper back. Lower back and rump chestnut. Throat and upper breast white contrasting with chestnut abdomen. Upper parts and abdomen spotted with black.
HABITAT: Canyon walls, cliff faces and rock slides usually near water.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs spotted with reddish brown in crevices of rocks and caves. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with reddish-brown upper parts and a white eyebrow. Wings and tail duller brown than the back. Under parts buffy with a whitish throat. Under tail coverts barred with black.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets, wooded suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white or buff eggs spotted with brown in crevices in woodlands or buildings. ░@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts and a conspicuous white eyebrow. Tail with white markings on the edges. Under parts greyish white, the under tail coverts barred with black. The House Wren has a less distictive eyebrow while the Carlina Wren has more reddish-brown upper parts and buffy under parts.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets, open woods, suburban areas.
NESTING: Nests in various cavities, woodpecker holes, and bird houses. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a brownish tail. Face grey or buffy with a faint eyebrow. Under parts greyish-white with pale brown flanks. The Winter Wren has a bolder eyebrow and more heavily barred sides. Bewick's Wren has a white eyebrow.
HABITAT: Deciduous thickets, open woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 6 to 8 pinkish-white eggs, spotted with brown, in various cavities or bird houses. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Upper parts reddish-brown with brown wings and tail. Buffy eyebrow. Pale brownish under parts with barring on the abdomen and flanks. Short stubby tail. The House Wren has a longer tail, indistinct eyebrow and less barring on the flanks.
HABITAT: Coniferous and deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 6 white eggs spotted with brown in a cavity under a stump or upturned tree. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upperparts streaked with black and white. Indistinct whitish eyebrow. Under parts white with a buffy wash. The similar Marsh Wren has a more distinct eyebrow and an unstreaked crown. HABITAT: Sedge marshes, bogs and moist grasses. Rarely inhabits cattails.
NESTING: 4 to 8 white eggs in a ball of grass hidden in tall grass or sedge. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts and a brown unstreaked crown. Black triangle on back streaked with white. Dusky barring on the tail and a white eyebrow. Under parts white with buffy flanks. The similar Sedge Wren has a streaked crown and has a fainter eyebrow. Prefers wetter areas than the Sedge Wren.
HABITAT: Shallow water cattail marshes and swamps.
NESTING: 5 to 6 spotted dull brown eggs in a ball of marsh vegatation, attatched to marsh plants. Ç@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults sooty grey overall, the head and neck tinged with brown. Chunky body with short wings and tail. HABITAT: In the vicinity of western mountain streams.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a dome shaped structure of moss and grass, on a rocky ledge. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts and a whitish eyebrow curving up behind the eye. Very faint wing bar. Under parts whitish tinged with yellow, the flanks greyish olive.
HABITAT: Grassy tundra, bushy thickets. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with an orange crown bordered by yellow and black. Dull white eyebrow. Back greenish-olive with dusky wings and tail. Two whitish wing bars. Under parts whitish tinged with olive. Female similar but has a yellow crown. The Ruby-crowned Kinglet lacks a white eyebrow.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woods.
NESTING: 5 to 10 eggs in a sperical nest, with the opening at the top, well up a conifer tree. `@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with red crown patch and greyish olive upper parts. White eye ring and two white wing bars. Under parts pale buffy grey. Female similar but without red crown patch. The Golden-crowned Kinglet has an orange crown with a white eyebrow. HABITAT: Coniferous forests and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 5 to 11 eggs in a spherical nest, with the opening at the top, well up a conifer tree. `@ É@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with blue-grey upper parts . White eye ring and a black line across forehead. Black longish tail edged in white. Under parts whitish. Female is similar but less bluish and without the black line on the head.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale blue eggs in a nest in the fork of a branch, usually high in a tree. Ç@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with bluish-grey upper parts, and a black crown and tail. The cheeks and under parts whitish. The similar California Gnatcatcher is browner above and darker below. Tail with white outer feathers.
HABITAT: Dry brushy woodlands, and streamside thickets of southwestern U.S.A. Ç@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts, and a black crown and tail. Ckeeks and under parts darker grey than the similar Black- tailed Gnatcatcher. Whitish eye ring. Tail with white outer tail feathers. HABITAT: Dry coastal California slopes. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Very similar to the Black-tailed Gnatcatcher with greu upper parts, but differs in that its black tail is edged with white. The black cap on the head also extends below the eye. Under parts mainly whitish. HABITAT: Found in southeastern Arizona.
HABITAT: É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with upper parts plain dark olive-brown; wings and tail brown. White eyebrow and whisker stripe. Bright red throat. Grey breast and white under tail coverts. Female duller and with a white throat. RANGE: Western Alaska and Aleutians. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: A small brown-backed thrush. Male in spring and summer has a bright blue throat with a chestnut patch in the center, and a chestnut border below. In the female the blue throat is replaced by a white one. Both male and female show a pale eyebrow stripe. Dark brown tail has a rusty base. HABITAT: Steamside thickets. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Male with grey back, nape and crown. White rump and eyebrow. Black wings and eye patch. Tail white with the central feathers black. Throat and breast buffy, the remaining under parts whitish. Female similar but more brownish and without the black face patch. Eastern breeding birds are cinnamon buffy below.
HABITAT: Open tundra, alpine meadows.
NESTING: 5 to 7 pale blue eggs in a loose nest of grass and moss, in crevices or holes. ░@ └@DESCRIPTION: Male with bright blue upper parts including the sides of the head. Throat, breast, and flanks reddish-brown. White belly and under tail coverts. Female similar but much duller above and below. The similar Western Bluebird has a blue throat. The Lazuli Bunting also has a blue throat and white wing bars.
HABITAT: Open woods, orchards, farmlands.
NESTING: 3 to 7 pale blue eggs in a nest of grass and twigs, in tree cavities, and bird boxes. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with bright blue upper parts, including entire head. Some birds show some chestnut on the back. Breast and flanks chestnut, belly and under tail coverts grey.Female similar, but duller with the back sometimes brownish. The Eastern Bluebird has a chestnut throat. The Lazuli Bunting has two white wing bars.
HABITAT: Open woodland, farmlands, orchards.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale blue eggs in a nest of grass and twigs, in tree cavities or bird boxes. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Male with sky blue upper parts. Under parts a paler blue with a white belly and under tail coverts. Female with brownish-grey upper parts. Rump, tail and wings bluish. The Indigo Bunting is much smaller with a stubby bill.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, farmlands, meadows.
NESTING: 5 to 6 pale blue eggs in tree cavities, bird boxes, or in rock crevices. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults brownish-grey overall, paler on the under parts. Dull white eye ring. Buffy wing patch. Longish tail edged in white. Short bill.
HABITAT: Open and broken coniferous forests in mountainous areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 dull white eggs, spotted with brown, in a nest on the ground. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with reddish-brown upper parts. Throat and breast buffy spotted with brown. Remaining under parts whitish. The faintly spotted under parts and reddish-brown upper parts separate it fom other thrushes. HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands, secondary growth, streamside thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, on or near the ground. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and a whitish eyering. Cheeks olive, streaked with greyish-white. Under parts whitish with heavy spotting on a faintly buffy breast. The Veery has lighter spotting on the breast. Swainson's Thrush has a buffy eye ring. The Hermit Thrush has a reddish brown tail.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs in a nest low in a tree, or on the ground. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above with a buffy eye ring and lores. Whitish under parts with spots on the throat and breast. Olive-brown flanks. The Veery has a lighter spotted breast. The Hermit Thrush has a reddish brown tail. Buffy eye ring and face distinguish it from the Gray-cheeked Thrush.
HABITAT: Deciduous and coniferous woods, thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 4 blue eggs marked with brown, in a nest of twigs and grass, low in an conifer tree. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive- brown upper parts and a reddish tail. Eye ring whitish. Under parts whitish, with a buffy breast heavily spotted. Buffy- brown flanks. The reddish tail separates it from other thrushes. HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands, wooded bogs and secondary growth.
NESTING: 3 to 6 greenish-blue eggs in a nest of twigs and bark, on the ground or in a low bush. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts, the crown and hind neck cinnamon brown. White eye ring. White cheeks streaked with dusky. Under parts mostly white with large black spots on the throat, breast and sides.
HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: Greenish-blue eggs in a nest of grass and weeds, lined with roots, in a tree. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts brownish-olive. Greyish head with a white eyebrow and area around the eye. Grey breast and white belly. Side and flanks are buffy.
RANGE: Aleutian Islands.
HABITAT:
NESTING: A ADESCRIPTION: Upper parts with a rusty rump and wings. Head with a white throat and eyebrow. Crown and cheeks dark. Under parts white spotted with black and a white breast band.
RANGE: Aleutian Islands.
HABITAT:
NESTING: A ADESCRIPTION: Adults have brownish upper parts and buffy under parts. Throat is finely streaked.
HABITAT: Thickets and streamside brush. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with grey head, wings and tail. Has a rusty back, breast and flanks. Belly white. White throat is finely streaked with black.
RANGE: Southwestern states. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with dark mainly dark grey upper parts. Head black with a white streaked throat. Small white areas around the eyes. Yellow bill. Breast, sides and flanks brick red. Belly and under tail coverts white. Female similar but duller.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, 1.5 to 4.5 m up in trees or bushes. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with greyish-blue upper parts. Orange face with a black mask. Orange eyebrow. Two orange wing bars. Under parts orange-brown with a black necklace. Female similar but with brown upper parts and a fainter necklace.
HABITAT: Moist western woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 4 blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grass 1.5 to 4.5 m up in a tree. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with reddish-brown or greyish-brown plummage overall. Pale eye. Under parts lightly streaked. Long tail .
HABITAT: Dense brush and thickets. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults slate-grey overall with a black crown and tail. Under tail coverts rusty. HABITAT: Dense deciduous thickets, suburban areas,woodland edges.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs in a bulky nest of twigs and grass, 0.9 to 2.4 m above ground. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts. Wings and tail blackish slate, the tail with white edges. Two white wing bars and a a white wing patch. Under parts greyish white. Townsend's Solitaire darker grey below with a buffy wing patch.
HABITAT: Thickets and suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish eggs spotted with brown in a cup of twigs, grass and leaves. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts. Pale eyebrow and yellow eyes. Two narrow pale wing bars. Outer tail feathers tipped with white. Under parts white with heavy dark streaking. The similar Curve-billed Thrasher is a larger bird.
HABITAT: Arid sagebrush plains and thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish-blue eggs spotted with brown in a nest in sagebrush or other bushes. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with reddish-brown upper parts and two white wing bars. Under parts buffy white, the breast and flanks heavily streaked with brown. Yellow eye. The similar Long-billed Thrasher has a longer bill and a greyer head.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish-white eggs spotted with brown, in a nest of twigs in thickets. (A @ADESCRIPTION: Adults with dull brown upper parts and a greyish head. Two white wing bars. Orange eye. Tail more reddish-brown. Under parts white with bold black spots. Long, curved bill. The similar Brown Thrasher has more brown on the head, and is more reddish above. HABITAT: Dense thickets, woodland edges, streamside forests. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish-grey overall, slightly paler underneath. The breast is lightly streaked. Tail edged with white. The similar Curve-billed Thrasher has a longer curved bill. The Sage Thrasher is slightly smaller.
HABITAT: Arid and semi-arid brushy areas, grasslands and farmlands. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adults brownish-grey overall, paler underneath with light spotting on the breast. Long curved bill. Yellow eye. Long tail with white edging. The similar Sage Thrasher is a smaller bird. The Bendire's Thrasher has a shorter bill.
HABITAT: Dry brushy desert regions. Sometimes suburban areas. 0A 0ADESCRIPTION: Dark brown upper parts with a whitish eyebrow. Long downcurved bill. Dark breast with a white throat. Under tail coverts buffy-cinnamon. Darker than the Crissal Thrasher.
HABITAT: Chaparral slopes, brushy areas. 0A PADESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts, paler below. Whitish throat borders a black whisker stripe. Under tail coverts a bright chestnut. The similar California Thrasher is darker above, and has a whitish eyebrow. HABITAT: Streamside forests, dry mountain slopes, and desert areas of southwestern U.S.A. 8A 8ADESCRIPTION: Adults with pale greyish-brown upper parts and a long dark brown tail. Long, black curved bill. Very secretive. HABITAT: Desert areas with cactus and brush. (A (ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts and two pale wing bars. Dusky cheeks with a pale eyebrow. Longish tail edged in white. Under parts yellow. HABITAT: Alaskan tundra and open areas. ╨@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with a grey back. White head with a black nape, eyestripe, and pale throat. Breast black, the remaining under parts white. Tail black with white edging.
HABITAT: Alaskan tundra and open areas. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with a black upper parts, nape and rear crown. Fore crown and chin white. Black eyestripe. Throat and breast black. Wings and belly white. RANGE: Western Aleutians. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a greyish-olive back and crown, faintly streaked. White eyebrow and whisker stripe. Throat and breast buffy, the breast streaked with black. Belly white. RANGE: Western Aleutians. ╨@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-buffy upper parts streaked with black. Pinkish throat and pale breast on breeding males. Dusky streaks on the flanks. Brownish legs. HABITAT: Alaskan tundra and open areas. ░@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts faintly streaked with dusky. Under parts buffy with the upper breast and flanks lightly streaked in dusky. Autumn birds more heavily streaked underneath. HABITAT: Arctic tundra, alpine meadows. In migration open areas, beaches, mudflats and fields.
NESTING: 4 to 5 eggs thickly spotted with brown, in a nest of grass and twigs on the ground. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with crown and upper parts streaked with buffy and dusky. Tail dusky and edged in white. Under parts buffy white, with dark streaks on the breast. HABITAT: Prairie grasslands and plains.
NESTING: 4 to 7 greyish-white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass on the ground. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts and a crested head. Head with cinnamon tinge, narrow black mask and black throat. Dusky wings with white and yellow spots. Tail dusky tipped with yellow. Under parts grey with chestnut under tail coverts. The Cedar Waxwing is not as grey and has white undertail coverts.
HABITAT: Coniferous woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale blue eggs spotted with black in a nest of twigs and grass in a conifer tree. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with light brown upper parts and a crested head. Narrow black mask and chin. Brownish throat and upper breast turning to pale yellow on the belly. Under tail coverts white. Tail dusky edged with yellow. The similar Bohemian Waxwing is larger, greyer, and has white and yellow spots in the wings.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a bulky nest of twigs and rootlets 1.2 to 12 m up a tree. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male uniformly glossy black, with a crested head. Large white wing patches conspicuous in flight. Female similar but with dark gray colouration. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, brushy deserts. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with crown, nape, and back grey, paling to white on the rump. Upper mandible hooked. Black mask and wings, the wings with a white patch. Tail black edged with white. Whitish under parts lightly barred. The similar Loggerhead Shrike is smaller, with a shorter bill and no barring on the under parts.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, thickets, bogs. In winter, open country.
NESTING: 4 to 7 spotted greyish-white eggs in a bulky nest, in a branch of a tree or bush. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with dark grey upper parts. Black mask. Black wings with a small white patch. Tail black edged with white. Under parts whitish. The similar Northern Shrike is larger, with a longer hooked bill, and light barring on the under parts.
HABITAT: Open country with scattered trees.
NESTING: 4 to 6 spotted greyish-white eggs in a bulky nest of twigs 1.5 to 6m up a tree. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding male is glossy black with green and purple reflections. Yellow bill. Male in winter similar but with numerous buffy spots above, and whitish spots below. Separated from blackbirds by its yellow bill, and spotting in winter.
HABITAT: Open areas, suburban areas, marshes, and woods.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish-white eggs in woodpecker holes, bird houses, or natural cavities. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults black above with a crested head. Slate-grey under parts. Wings with a white patch. Yellow legs. HABITAT: Open and suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish-blue eggs in woopecker holes or other tree cavities. A (ADESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts, and whitish under parts. Wings dusky with two white wing bars. Flanks tinged with yellow. Yellow spectacles. The Yellow-throated Vireo has yellow spectacles, but also has a yellow throat. The Solitary Vireo has white spectacles. HABITAT: Dense, moist thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 lightly spotted white eggs in a cup placed low in shrubs or thickets. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts and whitish under parts. Yellowish tinge on the flanks. Faint white spectacles and wing bars. Very small with short wings. HABITAT: Dense thickets, moist woodlands, mesquite. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with olive upper parts and a black head. White eye ring and eye line form spectacles. Under parts white with yellow flanks. Two yellowish wing bars. Red eyes. Female similar but the head is dark grey. The similar Solitary Vireo is larger with a paler head. HABITAT: Oak woodlands and thickets. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults uniformly grey above with two white wing bars. White eye ring. Under parts whitish. The similar Bell's Vireo is smaller.Two yellowish wing bars.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, brushy areas. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-green back and slate-grey head and nape. Bold white spectacles. Two white or yellowish wing bars. Throat and under parts whitish, the flanks tinged with olive-green. The Black-capped Vireo is smaller with a darker head. HABITAT: Open coniferous and deciduous woods.
NESTING: 3 to 5 lightly spotted eggs in a nest usually in a conifer tree. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-green upper parts turning grey on the lower back and rump. Yellow spectacles and two white wing bars. Throat and breast bright yellow, belly white. The similar Pine Warbler has less distinct spectacles and a olive rump.
HABITAT: Open deciduous woods, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest suspended in a fork in a tree branch. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults greyish-olive above, with two white wing bars. Incomplete eye ring. Faint white line from bill to eye. Under parts dull olive becoming white on the belly. Differs from the Ruby-crowned Kinglet by its larger size and thicker bill.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest suspended from a fork in a tree branch. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey crown and nape, olive green back and rump. White eyebrow. Wings and tail brownish-grey. Under parts mostly white with the flanks tinged with pale yellow. The Red-eyed Vireo has a black line over the white eyebrow and has a red eye. The Philadelphia Vireo has a yellow breast.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands, suburban areas, alder and willow thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 dull white eggs spotted with brown, in a nest high in a deciduous tree. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults greyish-olive above, with two white wing bars. Incomplete eye ring. Faint white line from bill to eye. Under parts dull olive becoming white on the belly. Differs from the Ruby-crowned Kinglet by its larger size and thicker bill.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest suspended from a fork in a tree branch. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey crown, the remaining upper parts dull olive-green. White eyebrow bordered above and below with black. Red eye. Wings and tail dusky. Whitish under parts becoming yellowish on the flanks and under tail coverts. The Philadelphia Vireo has a yellow breast. The Warbling Vireo has less distinct head markings.
HABITAT: Deciduous woods, parks, alder and willow thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 4 spotted white eggs in a cup suspended by its rim from the fork of a branch. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Formally a separate species, it is now a sub-species of the Red-eyed Vireo. It has a yellowish-olive back, with bright yellow sides, flanks, and undertail coverts. The black lines bordering the eyebrow are not as distinctive as in the more common Red-eyed Vireo.
HABITAT: Deciduous woods, parks, alder and willow thickets.
NESTING: 3 or 4 spotted white eggs in a cup suspended by its rim from a fork of a branch. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark olive upper parts and a greyish crown. White eyebrow and a black eyestripe. Black whisker line under the eye. Under parts whitish, the sides yellowish green. Very similar to the Red-eyed Vireo.
HABITAT: Mangrove swamps and thickets of Florida. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with top of head and under parts bright yellow. Narrow black eyestripe. Back rump, and upper tail coverts olive. Two white or yellowish wing bars. Blue-grey wings and tail. Female similar but with olive extending to the top of the head.
NESTING: 5 to 6 spotted white eggs in a nest on or near the ground. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with yellow crown, the remaining upper parts bluish-grey. White cheeks with a large black patch through the eye. Yellow wing patch. Black throat, the remaining under parts whitish. Female similar but the black on the throat and head is replaced with grey. HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands openings, brushy meadows.
NESTING: 4 to 7 spotted white eggs in a bulky nest on or near the ground. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with grey crown and nape, and a white eyebrow. Narrow dusky eyestripe. Remaining upper parts olive-green. Under parts greyish-white. Female similar but with more olive on the crown and under parts. Autumn male has more olive on crown and under parts, female has no grey on head. Differs from Vireos by its thinner bill.
HABITAT: Coniferous, mixed and deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 7 white eggs spotted with reddish brown in a nest of grasses on the ground. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts and a partially concealed orange crown patch. Yellow eyebrow. Under parts pale olive with yellow under tail coverts. Faint streaks on the under parts. The similar Tennessee Warbler has white under tail coverts and no streaking on the under parts.
HABITAT: Open decidous and mixed woods, brushy thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grasses on the ground. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with olive upper parts and a grey crown, nape and cheeks. Concealed chestnut crown patch. White eye ring. Under parts yellow becoming whitish on the belly. Female similar but duller. Does not have any wing bars or tail patch.
HABITAT: Second growth woodlands, sparsely treed bogs.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown, in a nest of moss and grass on the ground. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey head and upper parts. Rump and upper tail coverts olive-green. White eye ring. Under parts white with yellow patch on breast and yellow under tail coverts. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands in mountainous areas. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts. Heady greyish with a brown crown. Yellowish rump. Under parts grey. The Virginia's Warbler is greyer above with yellow on the breast. HABITAT: Texas woodlands. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with grey upper parts, and a chestnut crown and rump. Under parts whitish. HABITAT: Streamside forests and woodlands of southwestern U.S.A. Ç@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with mainly greyish-blue upper parts. Greenish-yellow patch on the back. Two white wing bars. Throat and breast yellow. Black and rusty bands across the breast. White belly and under tail coverts. Female duller and without breast bands.
HABITAT: Moist coniferous and deciduous woods.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest hollowed out of hanging lichen. Ç@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with greyish-blue upper parts, and a olive tinge on the back. Black mask through the eye. Two white wing bars. Yellow throat extends on cheeks. Reddish tinge on the breast. Under tail coverts white. Female lacks the black mask. Similar Northern Parula has a dark breast band, the yellow of the throat not as extensive.
RANGE: Streamside forests of southern Texas. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adult male yellowish-olive above. Head and under parts bright yellow, streaked with chestnut. Wings dark with yellow edging. Female more olive above, paler below with no streaks. The tail of both sexes show yellow patches.
HABITAT: Moist alder and willow thickets, bogs, marshes, orchards.
NESTING: 4 to 5 spotted bluish-white eggs in a nest fastened to a fork of a branch. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black and yellowish streaked back. Yellow crown, broad black eye stripe, and white cheeks. Two pale yellow wing bars. Throat and under parts white, a broad chestnut streak on the flanks. Female similar but duller with a fainter chestnut streak. Autumn birds olive above, whitish below.
HABITAT: Brushy second growth, and thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a nest of bark and grass, in a low bush or sapling. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with black back and tail, yellow rump. Crown greyish with a white eyebrow and a black mask. Yellow throat and under parts, the breast streaked with black. Dark wings with two wing bars. Female is similar but with a olive back, does not have a black mask.
HABITAT: During breeding, low coniferous or mixed wood edges. In migration woodlands and thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a nest of grass and weeds in a small conifer. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black crown, nape, and eye stripe. Back olive streaked with black. White wing patch. Side of head yellow with a chestnut ear patch. Yellow rump. Under parts yellow heavily streaked with black. Female duller, lacks chestnut cheeks. Has faint wing bars.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woods.
NESTING: 4 to 9 white eggs spotted with browns in a nest of moss and twigs high in a conifer. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with blue upper parts; black face throat and sides. Look for white spot on wings. Remaining under parts are white. Females are plain unstreaked olive-green with a whitish eyebrow.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 cloudy eggs spotted with browns, in a nest in a small tree or sapling 0.3 to 0.9m above the ground.. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Northern and eastern males with bluish-grey upper parts streaked with black. Yellow rump and crown. Two white wing bars. Black cheeks. White throat and under parts with heavy black streaking on the breast and flanks. Small yellow patch on side of breast. Western birds similar but with a yellow throat and greyer cheeks.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands, thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 5 spotted white eggs in a nest of twigs and grass 0.3 to 15 m above the ground. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black crown, nape and cheeks. White eyebrow and line below the eye. Upper parts bluish-grey streaked with black. Two white wing bars. Black throat, white breast and belly. Flanks streaked with black. Female duller with a greyish crown and a white throat. Small yellow spot between eye and bill in both sexes.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with reddish brown in a nest of plant fibre. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black crown, and throat. Yellow face with a black ear patch. Upper parts olive streaked with black. Two white wing bars. Breast yellow, belly and under tail coverts white. Flanks with black streaks. Female similar but with olive cheeks, more olive on the crown.
HABITAT: Conifeous forests.d mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs speckled with brown in a coniferous tree. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with a mainly yellow head and a black nape. Upper parts grey streaked with black. Two white wing bars. Black throat, the remaining under parts whitish. Female similar but duller. HABITAT: Coniferous forests in western mountainous areas.
á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with olive upper parts, slatey wings and tail. Two white wing bars. Yellow face with an olive ear patch. Throat and upper breast black, the remaining under parts white. Black streaks on the flanks. Female with a yellow throat and less black underneath.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woods.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with reddish brown in a nest of grass and bark. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Male with black upper parts and a black crown. Yellow cheeks and eyebrow separated by a black eyestripe. Throat and breast black. The remaining under parts white with the sides streaked with black. Two white wing bars. Female similar but duller. The Black-throated Green Warbler has olive upper parts.
HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands of central Texas. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male black above including the nape. Face and throat orange, with a black ear patch. Orange crown stripe. Large white wing patch. Remaining under parts yellowish orange, streaked with black on the flanks. Female similar but the orange is replaced with yellow. Upper parts more olive.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with reddish brown in a nest of small twigs and grass. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts and two white wing bars. Black crown and cheeks. White eyebrow extends to white patch on the side of the neck. Throat and upper breast yellow. Remaining under parts white with black streaks on the sides and flanks. The eyebrow may be tinged with yellow. Grace's Warbler lacks white neck patch and has grey cheeks.
HABITAT: Deciduous forests and pine woodlands. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Male with a dark grey back streaked with black. Yellow eyebrow. Two white wing bars. Throat and breast yellow, the remaining under parts white. The sides are streaked with black. The similar Yellow throated Warbler has a white eyebrow and a black ear patch. HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands of south-western U.S.A. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with greenish-olive upper parts and two white wing bars. Faint yellowish line over the eye. Throat and breast yellow with dark streaks on the sides of the breast. Belly and undertail coverts white. Large white patches in outer tail feathers. Female similar but duller.
HABITAT: Pine and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns in a nest of bark, weeds, and pine needles. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male bluish-grey above with black streaks on the back. Incomplete white eye ring. Under parts mainly yellow with black streaks on the flanks. Two thin white wing bars. White undertail coverts. Female is similar but duller, the nape and rump more brownish-grey. HABITAT: Young jack pine thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns on the ground in stands of young jack pine. ╕@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with olive upper parts spotted with chestnut on the back. Two yellowish wing bars. Yellow face with black eye stripe and a black line below the eye. Yellow eyebrow. Under parts yellow with streaks on the flanks. Black stripes on the yellow face distinctive. HABITAT: Srub woodlands, brushy second growth and mangrove swamps.
NESTING: Eggs in a compact nest of plant down, grass, and leaves, low in a bush or sapling. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Eastern adults with olive-brown back, and a yellowish-olive rump. Crown chestnut with a yellow eyebrow and brownish cheeks. Under parts mainly yellow with dark streaks on breast. Western adults similar but with more whitish under parts.
HABITAT: Spruce bogs, open brushy areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs speckled with brown, on or near the ground, concealed by vegatation. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with grey upper parts streaked with black. Chestnut crown, throat, flanks, and upper breast. Black face bordered with a buffy patch. Two white wing bars. Remaining under parts whitish with a buffy tinge. Female with duller chestnut crown, white throat, and lacks the black face. Yellowish wing bars and a faint eyebrow.
HABITAT: Open coniferous woods and second growth.
NESTING: 4 to 7 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of fine grass and twigs in a conifer. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with grey upper parts streaked with black. Black crown with white cheeks. Two white wing bars. Under parts white streaked with black. The similar Black-and-white Warbler has a striped head with a white eyebrow. Breeding female more olive above, lacks the black crown. Autumn male more olive above with fainter streaks.
HABITAT: Coniferous woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns in a nest of grass and twigs low in a spruce. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with blue upper parts including the cheeks. Two white wing bars. White throat and under parts. Black breast band and black streaks on the flanks. Female is brownish-olive above with whitish under parts tinged with buff. Thin whitish eyebrow. Both sexes with a small white wing patch.
HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 whitish eggs spotted with browns, in a shallow nest of grass and weeds. Ç@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts heavily streaked with white. Two white wing bars. Black crown with a white stripe. White eyebrow. Under parts white with black streaks on the flanks. The Blackpoll Warbler has a solid black crown and white cheeks. HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns, in a nest on the ground in a slight depression. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a black head and upper parts. Large orange patches in the wings and tail. Orange streak on the flanks. Black breast, remaining under parts white. Female is greyish-olive above, white below. Orange patches of the male replaced with yellow.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns in a nest of grass and bark. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with yellow head and under parts, white undertail coverts. Olive back, with bluish-grey wings and rump. Female similar but duller. HABITAT: Swampy woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 6 brown spotted eggs in a natural cavity, woodpecker hole, or bird house. ¿@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts and buffy under parts. Buffy head striped with black. Black stripe through the eye. No wing bars.
HABITAT: Mature deciduous forests. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts and whitish under parts, becoming greyish-olive on the flanks. Whitish eyebrow. Crown is rusty-brown. The similar Black-throated Blue Warbler has a small white wing patch and more buffy under parts.
HABITAT: Swampy thickets. á@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts, and white under parts heavily spotted and streaked with black. Brownish-orange crown bordered with a black stripe. White eye ring. Waterthrushes similar but usually show a pale eyebrow.
HABITAT: Usually on the ground in Deciduous woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 6 spotted white eggs in an oven-like nest of grass and weeds, on the ground. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts, and a buffy eyebrow. Under parts yellowish white heavily streaked with black. The similar Louisiana Waterthrush has a white throat and eyebrow, whiter under parts.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets, bogs, moist woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with browns, in tree roots, or a cavity in a bank or stump. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-olive upper parts, and a white eyebrow. White throat and under parts, the latter heavily streaked with black. Flanks buffy. The similar Northern Waterthrush has a buffy eyebrow, yellow under parts and streaking on the throat.
HABITAT: Woodland streams and swamps.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with browns, in a tree root, or a cavity in a bank or stump. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a black crown and cheeks. Yellow eyering and eyebrow form spectacles. Upper parts olive, under parts completely yellow. The Canada Warbler has yellow spectacles but is greyer above and has black streaks on the breast.
HABITAT: Deciduous woodlands and thickets.
á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a grey head and upper breast. Remaining upper parts olive. Has a white eye ring. Abdomen and undertail coverts yellow. The female is similar with more brown on the head and breast. Brownish white throat.
HABITAT: Spruce bogs, moist woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs marked with browns, in a nest of grass and leaves, on the ground. ¿@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with slate-grey head and neck, turning to black on the upper breast. Upper parts olive, remaining under parts yellow. The similar MacGillivary's Warbler has a white eyering. The Connecticut Warbler has a lighter grey head.
HABITAT: Woodland edges, second growth bushes and shrubs.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns in a nest of grass and leaves, on the ground. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with slate-grey head and neck, throat and upper breast blackish. Remaining upper parts olive, the under parts yellow. Incomplete white eyering. The similar Mourning Warbler lacks any white around the eye. The Connecticut Warbler's head is a lighter grey.
HABITAT: Forest edges, brushy thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns, in a nest of weeds and grass, low in a bush. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with olive upper parts and a black mask bordered with grey. Throat and breast yellow, the abdomen white. Sides and flanks brownish-olive. Females similar but lack the black mask.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets, shrubs, bordering streams, ponds, and marshes.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs marked with browns, in a nest of grass and weeds, low to the ground. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with olive upper parts, yellow under parts. Black crown, nape, neck, and upper breast. Yellow mask. Outer tail feathers white. Female similar, but lacks the black head markings. HABITAT: Moist deciduous forests.
NESTING: 3 to 4 white eggs marked with browns, in a nest low in the fork of a sapling or bush. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with olive upper parts and yellow under parts. Black crown and yellow eyebrow. Female similar but lacks the black crown patch. The similar female Hooded Warbler shows white in the tail.
HABITAT: Moist woodlands along ponds, streams, and bogs.,
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with browns, in a nest of grass and weeds, on the ground. ê@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with grey upper parts and yellow under parts. Yellow eyebrow and eyering form spectacles. Black streaks on the upper breast. Female similar but duller, the black streaks on the breast fainter. White under tail coverts. HABITAT: Moist woodlands, alder and willow thickets.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with chestnut, in a nest of weeds and grass, near the ground. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with grey upper parts. Head with a white nape, red face and throat, and a black crown that extends to below the eye. Upper breast red, the remaining under parts whitish. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with black upper parts, breast, wings and tail. Outer tail feathers and wing patch white. Belly red. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, pine-oak canyons. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts and a rusty crown and ear patch. White eyebrow. Throat and breast yellow, the belly light.
HABITAT: Prefers dense brush and undergrowth . ¿@ ¿@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with greyish-olive upper parts, a white eyebrow and eyering forming spectacles. White stripe extends from base of bill to side of neck. Black area between the two white face stripes. Under parts yellow with white under tail coverts. Female similar but duller. Large size, face marks, and lack of wing bars distinctive.
HABITAT: Moist thickets and brushy clearings.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs spotted with browns, in a bulky nest, low in a small tree or bush. ╪@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Male with a grey back, rump and upper tail coverts. The upper back with an olive tinge. Orangish-brown head, throat and breast. Black mask through eye. Thin bill slightly downcurved. Abdomen greyish-white. Female similar but with an olive crown, a yellow face and breast. Mask not as dark.
HABITAT: Open coniferous forests in mountainous areas of southwestern U.S.A. É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark upper parts and a yellow rump. Head has a bold white eyebrow and a white throat. Thin downcurved bill. Under parts white with a yellow breast.
HABITAT: Forest edges, open areas.
É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a dark back, rusty rump and collar. Bold white eyebrow and whisker stripe. Yellow throat and breast. Dark wings with many white patches.
RANGE: Southern Florida. ╪@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Male red overall with a greyish ear patch, the back and sides tinged with grey. Female with olive upper parts and yellowish under parts. The similar Summer Tanager does not have the same greyish tones. HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male dull red overall. Female with olive upper parts and golden under parts. Female Scarlet Tanager dull yellow below. Female Western Tanager has wing bars. . HABITAT: Found in deciduous and mixed woodlands. α@ °@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male bright scarlet with black wings and tail. Female with olive-green upper parts. Under parts dull yellow becoming brighter on under tail coverts. Wings and tail dark greyish-brown. The female Summer Tanager is more golden below.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish eggs spotted with browns, in a nest of twigs and grass on a tree branch. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black back, wings, and, tail. Red head and throat. Two yellow wing bars. Remaining under parts and rump bright yellow. Female with olive crown, neck, and rump. Back greyish-olive. Two pale yellow wing bars. Under parts yellow. Similar female orioles have longer, slimmer bills.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale blue eggs spotted with browns, in a nest of twigs and grass, in a tree. α@ °@DESCRIPTION: Adult male red overall with a crested head. Throat and area around the eye black. Red cone-shaped bill. Female with reddish wings, tail, and crest. The remaining upper parts greyish-olive, the under parts buffy. May have a reddish tinge on the breast.
NESTING: 3 to 4 greenish-white eggs in a nest of twigs and grass, in shrubs or small trees. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Male with grey upper parts and a large pointed crest tipped with red. Red face and throat. Wings and tail mixed with red. Large curved bill. Under parts greyish mixed with red on the abdomen. Female similar but with buffier under parts.
HABITAT: Desert brush, and streamside thickets. A ADESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black head and back, a white rump. Wings and tail black with white markings. Red breast and wing linings. The remaining under parts white. Winter male has head and back streaked with brown. Female with brown upper parts streaked with black. Whitish eyebrow. Under parts white streaked with brown.
HABITAT: Deciduous and mixed woodlands along streams and ponds, second growth forests.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale greenish eggs, spotted with browns in a nest 1.5 to 4.5 m up a tree. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black head, wings, and tail. White wing patch and two white wing bars. Under parts and rump cinnamon brown becoming yellowish on the belly. Back cinnamon streaked with black. Female with brownish upper parts streaked with buff. Whitish eyebrow. Breast cinnamon buff, the belly pale yellow or white.
HABITAT: Open deciduous and mixed woodlands, open second growth and brush.
NESTING: 3 to 4 pale bluish eggs, spotted with brown in a loose nest in tall bushes or trees. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male is overall dark blue, paler on the crown and rump. Female is brown above with buffy under parts.
HABITAT: Found on brushy thickets and woodland edges.
░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adult male blue overall with two chestnut wing bars. Chin and area around the eye black. Female olive-brown above, the wings and tail darker. Under parts brownish buff, palest on the throat and abdomen. Larger than the similar Indigo Buntings.
HABITAT: Brushy fields, open woodlands, streamside woodlands. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with blue upper parts and throat. Two white wing bars. Breast cinnamon, the belly and under tail coverts white. Female with greyish-brown upper parts, the rump greyish-blue. Two dull white wing bars. Throat, breast and sides buffy, the belly white. HABITAT: Open deciduous and mixed woodlands, chaparral, and brushy clearings.
NESTING: 3 to 4 bluish-white eggs in a cup of grassand weeds, in a bush or coarse weed. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male deep blue overall, the wings and tail mixed with dusky. Winter male with brownish head and back, a blue rump streaked with brown. Under parts buff mixed with white. Female with olive-brown upper parts, buffy under parts.
HABITAT: Woodland edges, clearings, second growth, streamside and lake edges.
NESTING: 3 to 4 bluish-white eggs in a cup of twigs and grass, low in a shrub or bush. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Male appears blackish at a distance. In good light has bluish-purple plummage with a reddish nape. The female has greyish brown upper parts, paler below. Very similar to the female Indigo Bunting. HABITAT: Desert scrub, streamside woods, brushy thickets of southwestern U.S.A.
á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a blue head, greenish back, scarlet rump and under parts. Female is green above, yellowish-green below. The only sparrow-like North American bird with these particular combination of colours. HABITAT: Open woodlands, streamside forests, brushy thickets.of southwestern U.S.A. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with brownish upper parts streaked with black. Grey crown, nape, and cheeks. Yellow eyebrow. Chestnut wing patch. White chin and black bib. Yellow breast, the remaining under parts white. Female similar but duller, lacks the black bib. The similar female House Sparrow does not have a chestnut wing patch.
HABITAT: Meadows, brushy fields, and prairies.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale blue eggs in a cup of grass and leaves, on or near the ground. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive upper parts, paler below. Two brownish stripes on the crown. Black stripe through the eye. HABITAT: Streamside woodlands and brushy thickets of southern Texas.
└@ └@DESCRIPTION: Male with olive upper parts and a reddish brown crown. White throat bordered by the grey breast and cheeks. Abdomen white, the sides and flanks grey. Female similar but duller.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands in mountainous areas. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Eastern male with black head and upper parts, the wings with a small white patch. Tail black edged with white. Upper breast black, lower breast and abdomen white. Sides and flanks chestnut. Western male similar but with more white spots in the wings and back. Females similar but the black is replaced with brown.
HABITAT: Woodland edges, brushy thickets and fields.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with browns, in a loose nest of twigs and grass in thickets. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Formerly known as the Brown Towhee. Adults with brown upper parts and a buffy throat. Head a darker brown than the back. Undertail coverts are rusty. Underparts are light brown. The similar Canyon Towhee has a rusty crown and a dark breast spot. HABITAT: Suburban areas and brushy hillsides. A ADESCRIPTION: Formerly known as the Brown Towhee. Adults with brown upperparts and paler underparts. Buffy throat bordered with dark streaks. Rusty undertail coverts and a dark central breast spot. The crown is rusty. The similar California Towhee lacks the breast spot and has a brown crown.
HABITAT: Found in brushy hillsides and wooded canyons. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with cinnamon-brown upper parts, and a black face. Under parts paler tinged with buff. The similar Canyon Towhee lacks the black face, and has paler under parts.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands, streamside forests. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with a brown back, blackish crown and wings. Two white wing bars. Partial buffy collar. Under parts buff.
RANGE: Rare in Rio Grande valley.
HABITAT:
NESTING: É@ É@DESCRIPTION: Adults grey above streaked with chestnut. Face buffy-grey with a black eyestripe. Breast and sides buffy, the belly greyish white. Can be distinguished from the similar Field Sparrow by it's voice. Southern birds may have greyer upper parts.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. ╕@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish streaked upper parts. Finely streaked crown. Long rounded dusky brown tail. Under parts greyish-buff. Very similar to Cassin's Sparrow. Best identified by voice.
HABITAT: Dry open western woodlands. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with black. Two faint whitish wing bars. Crown with fine black streaks. Greyish-white eyebrow. Breast and sides greyish, the remaining under parts whitish. The similar Clay-coloured Sparrow has a grey central head stripe.
HABITAT: Open brushy fields on plains or mountain areas.
NESTING: 3 to 4 greenish-blue eggs, speckled with reddish-brown, in a cup in a low bush. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a greyish-brown back streaked with black. Greyish head, the crown lightly streaked with reddish-brown. Two black whisker stripes on the face. Wings with two white wing bars and rusty patches. Under parts greyish-white.
HABITAT: Dry brushy areas mixed with cactus. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults brownish above streaked with grey. Reddish-brown crown. Grey face and eyebrow with a rusty line extending behind the eye. Under parts grey. The American Tree Sparrow has a black breast spot. The Chipping Sparrow has a white eyebrow and a black eyestripe.
HABITAT: Open rocky woodlands and brush. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with upper parts streaked with brown, black, and buff. Chestnut crown and eyestripe on a grey head. Two white wing bars. Unstreaked grey under parts with a dark breast spot. Chestnut patch on side of the breast. The similar Field Sparrow lacks a breast spot.
HABITAT: Arctic tundra, brushy woods, weedy fields, open areas with scattered trees.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale bluish eggs speckled with brown in a nest of grass and weeds, on the ground. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts streaked with black. Head with a grey face, chestnut crown, white eyebrow, and black eyestripe. Two white wing bars. Rump and under parts unstreaked grey. Autumn birds are duller with more buff showing on the crown. HABITAT: Open grassy woodlands, orchards, gardens, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 blue eggs spotted with brown in a cup of grasses, low in a tree or bush. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with buffy-brown upper parts streaked with black. Two faint whitish wing bars. Rump greyish-brown. Brown crown streaked with black, and a whitish central stripe. Buffy-white eyebrow. Brown ear patch. Under parts whitish tinged with greyish-buff on the breast and sides.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets around water, brushy meadows.
NESTING: 3 to 5 greenish-blue eggs, spotted with browns, low in a tree or bush. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with black. Two faint whitish wing bars. Crown with fine black streaks. Greyish-white eyebrow. Breast and sides greyish, the remaining under parts whitish. The similar Clay-coloured Sparrow has a grey central head stripe.
HABITAT: Open brushy fields on plains or mountain areas.
NESTING: 3 to 4 greenish-blue eggs, speckled with reddish-brown, in a cup in a low bush. á@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Adults with rusty brown upper parts, the back and wings streaked with black. Head with a grey face, rusty crown, pale eye ring and a rusty line behind the eye. Two whitish wing bars. Breast and sides buffy, the belly greyish-white. The similar American Tree Sparrow has a central breast spot.
HABITAT: Brushy fields and pastures, open woodlands. and second growth.
NESTING: 2 to 5 greyish-white eggs spotted with brown, in a low bush or small tree. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults grey overall with a streaked brown back. Male with a black throat and area about the eye. Pinkish bill. Abdomen pale grey. Female has less black on the head. HABITAT: Dry brushy thickets and semi-arid areas in western mountains and foothills. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts and dark streaks. Head with a white eye ring and a brown ear patch. Chestnut wing patch. Dull white under parts, streaked with dusky on the breast and sides. Short notched tail with white outer feathers. The Savannah Sparrow has a bolder yellowish eyebrow.
HABITAT: Dry open grasslands, prairies, pastures.
NESTING: 3 to 5 whitish eggs speckled with brown in a nest of grass and roots, on the ground. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with brown. Head with a chestnut crown and a white central stripe. White face with a chestnut ear patch and a black eyestripe. White eyebrow. Plain white under parts with a black central spot. Tail dark brown margined in white is distinctive in flight.
HABITAT: Open country, pastures, prairies, farms.
NESTING: 3 to 5 white eggs speckled with black in a nest of grass and weeds, on the ground. ╕@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts. White eyebrow and line below jaw. Dark grey ear patch. Black throat and breast contrast with the white under parts. No wing bars. Black tail with white outer feathers.
HABITAT: Desert regions. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish-grey upper parts, white under parts with a dark central breast spot. Head with a white eye ring and a thin eyebrow. Coastal California birds are darker overall. Dusky streaking on sides and flanks.
HABITAT: Open arid desert, sagebrush. ¿@ ╚@DESCRIPTION: Adults with dark greyish-brown upper parts. White stripe over the eye and jaw. White throat bordered by a thick black stripe. Grey breast and sides, belly white. Breast with a central black spot. Dark form of the similar Sage Sparrow has paler under parts. HABITAT: Desert and semi-arid areas. ░@ ░@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male black overall with a large white wing patch. Female with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with dusky. Under parts white streaked with brown, buffy sides. Wing patch smaller and more buffy than the male. Winter male similar to female, but retains some black on the throat and breast.
HABITAT: Dry treeless plains and prairies.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale blue eggs in a loose nest of grass and roots, on the ground. └@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown streaked upper parts. Crown with a whitish central stripe, yellow eyebrow, and brownish ear patch. Under parts white, the breast, sides, and flanks streaked with dark brown. The similar Song Sparrow lacks a yellow eyebrow. Baird's Sparrow has a buffier head and more white in the tail.
HABITAT: Open meadows, marshes, moist grasslands.
NESTING: 4 to 6 whitish eggs spotted with brown, in a nest of grass and plants, on the ground. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brownish upper parts streaked with black. Head and nape buffy, the yellow crown streaked with black giving a buffy central crown stripe. Two dark stripes on the side of the throat. Tail with white outer feathers. White under parts with a buffy breast. Dark streaks on the breast and sides. More buffy than Savannah Sparrow.
HABITAT: Grassy fields, and prairies.
NESTING: 4 to 6 white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass, on the ground. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with black and buff. Flat head has a dark crown with a pale central stripe. Sides of head buffy with a dark stripe behind the eye. Breast and sides buffy, the belly whitish. The only grassland sparrow without any markings on its breast.
HABITAT: Open grassy fields and prairies.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs spotted with brown, in a nest of grass, well hidden on the ground. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with chestnut wings and back, mixed with black. Flat head is olive-greenish, including a central crown stripe. Narrow dark streak behind the eye and across the jaw. Breast and sides buffy, streaked with black, the remaining under parts whitish. HABITAT: Open fields and meadows, preferably moist.
NESTING: Eggs in a loose cup of grass, most often on the ground. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with buffy central crown stripe bordered with black. Buffy eyebrow, black line extending behind the eye. Greyish ear patch. Nape streaked with chestnut. Brown back and wings streaked with black. Breast and sides buffy, the latter with darkish streaks. Remaining under parts whitish. Sharp-tailed Sparrow has a grey nape.
HABITAT: Moist fields and meadows, edges of marshes and bogs.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish white eggs speckled with brown, on the ground. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a grey central crown stripe bordered with black. Grey unstreaked nape. Remaining upper parts olive-grey streaked with black and white. Buffy eyebrow, grey ear patch, and a dark line extending behind the eye. Breast and sides buffy with dark streaks, the belly white. Leconte's Sparrow has a chestnut streaked nape.
HABITAT: Edges of pools, lakes and marshes, fresh or brackish waters.
NESTING: 4 to 6 bluish white eggs in a nest of grass, on the ground in tall grass. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-olive upper parts lightly streaked. Yellow line in front of the eye. White throat. Under parts white, streaked with dark grey. Colour variable.
HABITAT: Saltwater marshes. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with rusty upper parts mixed with grey, the grey more predominant on the head and back. Under parts whitish, heavily streaked with rust. Colours extremely variable. Western birds are more dark brown with little grey.
HABITAT: Brushy woodlands and dense thickets.
NESTING: 4 to 5 bluish white eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass and twigs, on the ground. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts streaked with black. Brown crown, finely streaked with black, and a grey central stripe. Greyish eyebrow, black streak behind eye and along side of throat. Under parts white, the breast and sides heavily streaked with black often forming a central breast spot.
HABITAT: Brushy areas along lakes, ponds, and streams. Also bushy pastures.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale bluish eggs spotted with brown, in a nest on the ground or in a bush. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-brown upper parts streaked with black. Brown crown, streaked with black, and a grey central stripe. Grey eyebrow, the ear patch bordered with brown. Buffy breast and sides streaked with black. Throat and belly white. HABITAT: Moist meadows, brushy thickets, hedges.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish white eggs spotted with browns, in a ground nest of coarse grass. ¿@ └@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with reddish-brown upper parts streaked with black. Grey head with chestnut crown. White throat and belly, the breast and sides grey. Winter adults have more black in the crown and show a grey central stripe. The Tree Sparrow has a dark breast spot and the Chipping Sparrow has a white eyebrow.
HABITAT: Margins of ponds, lakes and streams. Marshes, brushy fields.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish green eggs speckled with brown, in marsh vegatation or low in a bush. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown upper parts streaked with black. Black and white striped crown. White eyebrow turning yellow near bill. Black eyestripe. Cheeks and upper breast grey. Two white wing bars. White throat and abdomen. Dark bill. The similar White- crowned Sparrow does not have yellow in the eyebrow, and has a yellowish bill.
HABITAT: Woodland openings, brushy grasslands, parks and suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 eggs in a cup of grass and twigs on the ground. ╚@ Φ@DESCRIPTION: Adults with olive-brown upper parts streaked with black. Black crown with a yellow central stripe. Face, breast and the throat greyish. Sides and flanks brownish, the belly white. The similar White-crowned Sparrow has black and white head stripes.
HABITAT: Brushy thickets in western mountains.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale greenish eggs on the ground or low in a bush. └@ Φ@DESCRIPTION: Adults with light grey upper parts streaked with brown. Black and white striped crown. Whitish throat. Under parts mainly grey becoming whitish on the belly. Two white wing bars. The similar White-throated Sparrow has yellow on the eyebrow, a darker bill, and a whiter throat.
HABITAT: Woodland shrubs and thickets, Tundra willow patches.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale greenish blue eggs in a bulky nest of twigs and grass, near the ground. ╨@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults with a black crown, face and throat. Cheeks grey with a small black patch by ear region. Upper parts brown streaked with black. Two white wing bars. Under parts white with dark streaks on the sides. Winter birds have buffy cheeks and sides, the black areas with some brown.
HABITAT: Stunted trees in boreal region. Open wood lands and thickets in migration.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale greenish eggs spotted with brown in a nest of twigs and moss, on the ground. α@ °@DESCRIPTION: The "slate-coloured" adults have dark grey upper parts, throat and breast sharply cut off from white under parts. Females have upper parts mixed with brown. "Oregon" adults have a black head and upper breast, brown back, and grey rump. Under parts with cinnamon sides, white belly. "Gray-headed" grey above with a brown back, white belly.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish-white eggs in a cup of grass and moss, on or near the ground. ╕@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adults with a rusty back, and a grey head. Wings grey tinged with rust. Black tail with white outer feathers. Yellow eyes with black lores. Under parts pale grey. The similar gray-headed form of the Dark-eyed Junco has dark eyes, no rust in the wings.
HABITAT: Dry western woodlands. └@ └@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with buffy-brown back streaked with dusky. Crown black, grey nape and cheeks. Black stripe below jaw. Chestnut wing patch. Under parts white with a black crescent across the breast. Winter male similar but black areas mixed with brown. Tail white with a black inverted "T". Female with streaked crown, less black.
HABITAT: Short grass plains, cultivated fields.
NESTING: 3 to 5 pale greenish eggs speckled with brown in a nest in a ground depression. ░@ ╚@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with a black head and breast, and a white streak behind the eye extending to the side of the breast. Chestnut nape, back buffy streaked with black. Brown tail with white outer feathers. Black breast and white abdomen, the sides streaked with black. Female with buffy ear patch, black in crown and breast, pale eyebrow.
HABITAT: Grassy areas on arctic tundra, weedy fields and grain stubbles.
NESTING: 4 to 6 eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass in a depression on the ground. └@ α@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with buffy upper parts streaked with black. Black crown and cheeks. White eyebrow and spot on cheek. Nape and under parts a rich buff. A white wing patch. Tail dark brown with white outer feathers. Winter male has crown mixed with buff. Female similar to winter male but duller.
HABITAT: Grassy tundra. Fields and open grassy areas in migration.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale bluish eggs speckled with brown and black, in a nest on the ground. ╕@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with buff upper parts streaked with black. Black crown, chestnut nape, buffy face and throat. Cheeks white with a black streak extending behind the eye in a "C" shape. Under parts mainly black with white under tail coverts. Sometimes has some chestnut on the breast. Tail white with brown central feathers.
HABITAT: Short grass plains and prairies.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale buff eggs, spotted with brown in a nest of grass, in a ground depression. ¿@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Male with a black head, white throat and line above the eye. White spot on the back of the nape. Remaining upper parts mainly rusty. Under parts mainly white with a rusty breast band and flanks.
HABITAT: Found in Alaska on the Aleutians.
NESTING: ╕@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male has a white head, under parts and large wing patch. Black back, tail and tips of wings. Bill and legs black. Winter male similar but back tinged with brown. Breeding female similar to male but with streaked back and crown. Winter female with upper parts tinged with rust.
HABITAT: Arctic rocky shores and cliffs. In migration, grassy fields and grain stubble.
NESTING: 4 to 7 bluish white eggs spotted with brown, in crevices in rocks or cliffs. └@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Breeding adults primarily white, but with black markings on the back, tail and wing tips. Winter adults are tinged with rust about the head, neck, and rump. The similar Snow Bunting has more extensive black colouring in summer, more black and rusty in the winter. HABITAT: Northern coastal areas and islands. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with black head and under parts. Buff nape, white rump and wing patch. Black back streaked with buff. Female buffy overall with the upper parts streaked with black. Crown striped with brown. Whitish eyebrow, black line extending behind the eye. Winter male similar to female.
HABITAT: Fields and meadows of tall grass, other open areas.
NESTING: 4 to 7 pale grey eggs spotted with brown in a flimsy nest of grass on the ground. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male glossy black overall with a large red wing patch bordered by buffy-white. Red patches sometimes may be hidden when perched. The similar Tri-colored Blackbird has the red wing patch bordered in white. Female brownish-black above streaked with buff and rust. Under parts white streaked with black.
NESTING: 3 to 4 pale bluish green eggs spotted with brown in a structure of marsh vegatation. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Male glossy black overall with a large red wing patch bordered in white. The patch may be hidden when perched. The similar Red-winged Blackbird has the red wing patch bordered with buffy-white. Female blackish-brown overall, the under parts with white and black streaks. Streaking heavier than on the female Red-winged Blackbird.
HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, wet meadows and grasslands. ≡@ ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with brownish upper parts streaked with buff and black. Crown with central buffy stripe bordered with black. Pale eyebrow turning yellow near the bill. Black stripe extending behind the eye. Yellow throat and under parts with a black band across the breast. Flanks streaked with black. Similar to Western Meadowlark.
HABITAT: Open fields, grain stubble.
NESTING: 3 to 7 eggs in a nest of grasses with a dome shaped roof, hidden on the ground. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adult male very similar to the Eastern Meadowlark with brownish streaked upper parts, yellow under parts with a black crescent shaped band across the breast. The yellow of the throat extends higher up the face than that of the eastern. It is also paler and greyer. Has a very different voice.
HABITAT: Grassy fields and meadows.
NESTING: 3 to 7 eggs in a nest of grasses with a dome shaped roof, hidden on the ground. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with yellow head, neck, and breast. Remaining plummage black, with a white wing patch. Black area around the eye. Female dark brown above with a yellow eyebrow, lower cheek, and breast. Belly brown streaked with white. HABITAT: Freshwater marshes, lake edges, grainfields and ploughed farmland.
NESTING: 3 to 5 whitish eggs spotted with brown in a basket-like nest attached to marsh plants. A 0ADESCRIPTION: Breeding male black overall with a bluish-green gloss on body. Black bill and legs, yellow eye. Winter male has black plummage tinged with rusty-brown. Breeding female plain dull slate with a pale yellow eye. Winter female slate washed with rust. Buffy eyebrow. The similar Brewer's Blackbird has a purplish head. Female has brown eyes.
HABITAT: Wet woods, bogs, and swamps.
NESTING: 4 to 5 pale bluish green eggs spotted with brown, in a bulky nest of twigs and grass. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male glossy black overall with a purplish head and neck, greenish-blue gloss on the body. Yellow eye. Black legs and feet. Female brownish-grey overall with dark eyes. The Common Grackle is much larger. The Rusty Blackbird is less glossy, without a purplish head. Female Rusty Blackbird has yellow eyes.
HABITAT: Brushy open areas, pastures and lawns.
NESTING: 5 to 6 pale greenish grey eggs spotted with brown, in a nest of twigs on the ground. A ADESCRIPTION: Male glossy black, with a glossy purplish head. Long keel-shaped tail. Yellow eye. Female with brownish upper parts, cinnamon under parts. The similar Boat-tailed Grackle is smaller, does not have bright yellow eyes.
HABITAT: Open areas, fresh and saltwater marshes. @A êADESCRIPTION: Male glossy black overall with a glossy blue tinge. Long keel-shaped tail. Female is brown above, buffy-brown below. Dark dull yellow eyes. The similar Great-tailed Grackle is larger, has a yellow eye, and is more purplish above.
HABITAT: Open areas, fresh and saltwater marshes. ÇA êADESCRIPTION: Adult male with glossy purplish head, neck, and breast. Rest of body with a purplish or bronze sheen. Yellow eye. Black legs and feet. Long, keel-shaped tail. Females smaller and duller. Brewer's and Rusty Blackbirds are smaller, do not have a keel-shaped tail.
HABITAT: Moist open fields and pastures, lawns, marshes, and open wet woodlands.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale bluish eggs spotted with brown in a bulky nest usually in trees. 0A XADESCRIPTION: Adults are black overall with a bronze gloss. Wings tinged with glossy blue. Red eye. HABITAT: Open country, farmlands, suburban areas. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a brown head, black back with a greenish and purplish gloss. Brown eye, bill and legs black. Female greyish-brown above, paler below, especially on the throat.
HABITAT: Pastures, grainfields, and other open areas.
NESTING: Whitish eggs spotted with brown laid in the nest of other small birds. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with a black head, breast, upper back, wings and tail. Lower back, rump, sides and abdomen rich chestnut. Female is olive above, yellowish below. Grey wings with two white wing bars. Smaller size and lack of white or orange under parts distinguish it from the female Northern Oriole.
NESTING: 4 to 5 whitish eggs spotted with brown in a nest of grass in the fork of a tree. └@ Φ@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with orange head, rump and under parts. Black throat, back, wings and tail. Two white wing bars. Thin slighty curved bill. Winter birds more yellowish orange. Females olive above, paler below with two white wing bars.
HABITAT: Streamside forest, suburban areas. ≡@ ≡@DESCRIPTION: Adults with orange head, rump and under parts. Wings black with an orange shoulder patch and a large white wing patch. Throat back and tail black. Breast spotted with black. The Altimira and Hooded Orioles lack the large white wing patch.
HABITAT: Open woodlands, gardens and suburban areas of southern Florida. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with orange head, rump and under parts. Black throat, back, wings and tail. One white wing bar. Orange shoulder patch. The similar Hooded Oriole is smaller, with a thinner bill, lacks the orange shoulder patch.
RANGE: Streamside forests of southern Texas. A ADESCRIPTION: Adults with an olive back and rump. Head, wings, and tail black. Under parts yellow with a black throat. The similar Scott's Oriole has a yellow and black back.
RANGE: Streamside forests of southern Texas. A ADESCRIPTION: Formerly two species. Male "Baltimore" Oriole with black head, back, and upper breast. Orange rump, lower breast, belly, and sides. Black tail with orange patches. Black wings with white tips. Female olive above, dull orange below. Dusky wings with two wing bars. "Bullock's" Oriole similar but with white wing patch, orange cheeks.
HABITAT: Open deciduous woodlands, suburban shade trees.
NESTING: 4 to 6 spotted greyish-white eggs in a bag-like nest suspended high from a tree branch. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Male with black head, back, wings, and upper breast. Rump, lower breast, sides, and abdomen yellow. Yellow wing patch and a white wing bar. Tail black. Female with yellowish-olive upper parts streaked with dusky. Under parts greenish-yellow, with black markings on the throat.
HABITAT: Arid desert and mountain regions. ╨@ ADESCRIPTION: Adults with a dark crown, cheeks and back. White rump. Wing with two white or buffy wing bars. Throat and upper breast rusty brown. Lower breast, belly and under tail coverts white. White rump conspicuous in flight. HABITAT: Mixed woods and forest edges. ╚@ ╚@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with brown upper parts streaked with black. Black crown, the nape and cheeks grey. Amount of grey variable, depending on subspecies. Brown breast. Rump wings and belly pinkish. Black bill and legs. Females similar but duller and greyer. HABITAT: Rocks and cliffs on mountain summits. In autumn, valleys, fields, and open areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 white eggs in a nest of grass and roots in cliff crevices or under rocks. ╕@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with red head, back, and breast Some grey mixed in on upper parts. Wings black with two white wing bars. Sides and flanks grey. Tail black. Female greyer overall with a yellowish-olive head and rump. Wings black with two white wing bars. Under parts grey washed with yellowish olive.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woods. Suburban shade trees.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish-blue eggs spotted with brown, in a tree nest of twigs and grass. A ADESCRIPTION: Adult male with head, neck, breast and sides rose red. Remaining upper parts brown mixed with red. Brownish ear patch. Abdomen whitish. Tail slightly forked. Female is brownish-olive above, whitish below and heavily streaked. Brown ear patch and white eyebrow. The House Finch has a red eyebrow, Cassin's Finch has paler reds overall.
HABITAT: Open mixed and coniferous woodlands, parks, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 6 blue eggs spotted with black in a nest of twigs and grass in a tree. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with red crown, pale red breast. Upper parts brown streaked with red. Under parts white with dark streaking on the flanks. Notched tail. Female brown above with dark streaks, white below with heavy dark streaks. Very similar to the Purple Finch but with paler reds overall, browner, above.
HABITAT: Open coniferous forests in westerns, parks, mountains.
NESTING: 4 to 5 greenish-blue eggs, spotted with brown, in a tree nest of twigs and grass. └@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with brown upper parts tinged lightly with red. Brown crown and cheeks. Red eyebrow, rump and breast. Lower breast and abdomen whitish streaked with brown. Female similar but without any red. Brown crown and red eyebrow separates it from the similar Purple and Cassin's Finch.
HABITAT: Drier open woods, orchards, suburban areas.
NESTING: 4 to 5 bluish eggs in a nest of twigs and grass in bird houses, or tree cavities. á@ ╕@DESCRIPTION: Adult male dull red above and below. Wings and tail blackish-brown. Middle belly and under tail coverts grey. Female greyish-olive, becoming yellow on the rump and breast. Grey throat, dark wings and tail. Both sexes have a bill with crossed tips. The similar White-winged Crossbill has two white wing bars.
HABITAT: Coniferous trees. In winter deciduous trees orchards, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 4 pale bluish-green eggs in a nest of twigs and grass in a coniferous tree. ░@ ╨@DESCRIPTION: Both sexes have a bill with crossed tips. Adult male generally red overall, the belly and flanks greyish. Wings and tail black. Wings with two white wing bars. Female is greyish-olive above, yellowish below. Wings and tail as in male. The similar Red Crossbill does not have wing bars.
HABITAT: Open coniferous and mixed woods.
NESTING: Eggs are in a nest of twigs and grass in a coniferous tree at various heights. └@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with dark greyish-brown upper parts, streaked with grey. Red crown and breast. Wings dark brown with two thin white wing bars. White abdomen, the sides and under tail coverts darkly streaked. Winter male paler, less red on the breast. Female similar to male, but without red on the breast. Very similar to Hoary Redpoll.
HABITAT: Arctic ravines and rocky slopes. Open woodland, thickets, and fields.
NESTING: 4 to 6 spotted blue eggs in a nest of twigs and grass on or near the ground. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Male pale greyish-brown above streaked with dusky. Red crown patch. Whitish unstreaked rump and under parts. Dark wings and tail with two white wing bars. The similar Common Redpoll is darker overall with more streaking on the under parts. HABITAT: Arctic ravines and rocky slopes. Open woodlands, thickets, and fields.
NESTING: 5 to 6 spotted blue eggs in a nest of grass and weeds in bushes or rock crevices. á@ └@DESCRIPTION: Adults with greyish-brown upper parts streaked with dusky. Wings and tail dusky with a narrow yellowish or white edging. Two whitish or buffy wing bars. Under parts white with dark streaks. HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woods, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 6 pale blue eggs spotted with brown in a nest of twigs and grass in a tree. É@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male variable with either black upper parts, or a black crown and olive back. Wings black with a white patch. Under parts plain yellow. Female olive above and yellow below. Wings and tail duller. Smaller than the similar American Goldfinch.
HABITAT: Dry brushy fields, woodland edges. Ç@ Ç@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with greyish upper parts, black crown, face and throat. Two yellow wing bars. Dark tail. Under parts yellow, with the sides greyish. Winter birds duller. The female is similar but lacks the black crown and yellow wing bars. The American Goldfinch is yellow above with black wings.
HABITAT: Dry western woods, thickets. Ç@ É@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male bright yellow above and below. Black wings and tail, the wings with a white wing patch and a narrow wing bar. Black crown. Female olive above, yellow below. Wings and tail as in male. Winter adults brownish-olive above, paler below. Male without black cap.
HABITAT: Weedy fields, farmland, second growth, woodland edges.
NESTING: 4 to 6 pale bluish eggs in a cup like nest in a tree or shrub 0.3 to 6 m above ground. á@ á@DESCRIPTION: Adult male with black crown, brownish head with a large yellow eyebrow. Back brownish olive turning to yellow on the lower back. Black wings and tail, the wings with a large white patch. Under parts brownish yellow. Female with grey upper parts, darkest on the head. Neck tinged greenish yellow. Underparts greyish yellow. Wings like male.
HABITAT: Coniferous and mixed woodlands, second growth, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 5 bluish-green eggs marked with brown in a shallow tree nest of twigs and bark. α@ ADESCRIPTION: Shaped like Evening Grosbeak but with brown upper parts and a buffy head. Throat and area around the eyes black. Light breast band circles below the nape. White wing patch. Under parts light brown. RANGE: Western Alaska and Aleutians. α@ α@DESCRIPTION: Breeding male with grey crown, nape, and rump. Sides of head chestnut with white cheeks. Back chestnut streaked with black and buff. Black throat and breast. Abdomen greyish-white. White wing bar. Female with dull brown streaked upper parts. Buffy eyebrow. Under parts greyish with a buffy tinge.
HABITAT: Fields, open areas, suburban areas.
NESTING: 3 to 7 eggs in natural cavities, bird houses and woodpecker holes. ╕@ ╪@DESCRIPTION: Adults with brown streaked upper parts and a chocolate brown crown. White cheeks with a black ear patch. Black throat. Under parts greyish with pale brown sides. The similar House Sparrow has a grey crown, lacks the black ear patch.
HABITAT: Parks, farmland and suburban areas. └@ α@
