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╗D≡■o T « δ fà¿┘Θ&gåó┬: ▓ ∞H⌡eï╔>The number of years completed by a person as of July 1, 1984.^ HA value derived by summing the individual item values of a group and di-Fviding the sum by the number of items. This value is also referred to$as the "arithmetic mean" or "mean."^ HA value derived by summing the individual item values of a group and di-Dviding the resulting sum by the number of items. This value is also/referred to simply as the "mean" or "average."^ GA type of minor civil division (a county subdivision) established underIstate law. There are certain exceptions to this. The five "boroughs" ofHNew York city are minor civil divisions, although the boroughs in AlaskaJare county equivalents. See "Minor Civil Divisions," "Counties and County;Equivalents," and "Geographic Areas" for more information.^ EThe term "city" refers to those places with a population of 25,000 orGgreater in 1980 that have been incorporated as cities, boroughs, towns,Iand villages under the laws of their respective state. There are certainHexceptions to this definition. See "Geographic Areas" for more detailedinformation.^ IA relative measure of the energy required to cool a building. The great-Ier the value of "cooling-degree days," the greater the mean daily outsideJtemperature is and therefore, the greater the energy that will be requiredIto cool a building. One Cooling-Degree Day is accumulated for each wholeJdegree that the mean daily temperature is above 65 °F. This means that ifIthe mean daily temperature were 68 °F, the data would indicate 3 Cooling-.Degree Days. See also "Heating-Degree Days."^ HEstimated dollar values based on the annual average Consumer Price IndexGfrom the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Consumer Price Index for 1979Jand 1985 were 217.4 and 322.2 with the base year being 1967 = 100, respec-Itively. Although "constant dollar" figures represent an effort to removeGthe effects of price changes from statistical series reported in dollarHterms, the estimates do not reflect the price and cost-of-living differ-Jences that may exist between areas. Constant dollars are standardized and<require an indication of the target year of the adjustment.^ HThere are 3,139 "county-type" areas in the United States. These are theJprimary constituent units of states. Of the 3,139 U.S. counties and coun-Hty equivalents, 3,042 have an independently organized county government.JThere are 97 "county equivalents" in the United States that do not have anHindependently organized county government. Eight United States countiesGand county equivalents are areas with governments legally designated as1"city-county" and operating primarily as cities.^ JNot all areas designated in this data as counties have county governments.HThe following classification of county-type areas, as distinguished fromIcounty governments, shows the distribution of the 3,139 "counties" listedEin this program. This classification is primarily from Bureau of theFCensus, 1982 Census of Governments, Vol. 1, Governmental Organization,AWashington, D.C., 1983, but takes account of subsequent changes.^ LTotal of all county-type areas in the United States ................3,139^ LAreas with an independently organized county government ............3,042^ LCounty-type areas without independently organized governments ........ 97^^CA. Areas with governments legally designated as city-county and^L operating primarily as cities ..................................... 8^^D 1. Alaska: City and borough of Anchorage, city and borough of^. Juneau, and city and borough of Sitka.^7 2. California: City and county of San Francisco.^. 3. Colorado: City and county of Denver.^. 4. Hawaii: City and county of Honolulu.^H 5. Montana: Anaconda City-Deer Lodge county and Butte City-Silver^ Bow County.^ ^FB. Areas designated as metropolitan governments and operating pri-^L marily as cities .................................................. 1^^I Tennessee: Metropolitan government of Nashville and Davidson County.^^CC. Areas having certain types of county offices, but as part of^L another government (city, township) .............................. 16^^: 1. Florida: County of Duval (city of Jacksonville).^9 2. Georgia: County of Muscogee (city of Columbus).^6 3. Hawaii: County of Kalawao (state of Hawaii).^; 4. Indiana: County of Marion (city of Indianapolis).^3 5. Kentucky: Lexington-Fayette Urban County.^F 6. Louisiana: Parish of East Baton Rouge (city of Baton Rouge),^E Parish of Orleans (city of New Orleans) and Terrebonne Parish^ Consolidated Government.^E 7. Massachusetts: County of Nantucket (town of Nantucket), and^+ county of Suffolk (city of Boston).^C 8. New York: Counties of Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and^( Richmond (all city of New York).^F 9. Pennsylvania: County of Philadelphia (city of Philadelphia).^^HD. Area classified as a separate county area and as a separate state^F area in population statistics, but counted as a municipal govern-^L ment in census statistics on governments .......................... 1^^0 1. District of Columbia: Washington city.^ DE. Cities located outside of any "county" area and administering^L functions elsewhere commonly performed by counties ............... 44^^D 1. Maryland: Baltimore city (distinct from Baltimore County).^D 2. Missouri: St. Louis city (distinct form St. Louis County).^# 3. Nevada: Carson City city.^D 4. Virginia: Alexandria, Bedford, Bristol, Buena Vista, Char-^A lottesville, Chesapeake, Clifton Forge, Colonial Heights,^F Covington, Danville, Emporia, Fairfax, Falls Church, Franklin,^G Fredericksburg, Galax, Hampton, Harrisonburg, Hopewell, Lexing-^G ton, Lynchburg, Manassas, Manassas Park, Martinsville, Newport-^E News, Norfolk, Norton, Petersburg, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Rad-^H ford, Richmond, Roanoke, Salem, South Boston, Staunton, Suffolk,^A Virginia Beach, Waynesboro, Williamsburg, and Winchester.^^NF. Unorganized areas bearing county designations .................... 15^^? 1. Connecticut (county areas with no county government):^J Fairfield, Hartford, Litchfield, Middlesex, New Haven, New London,^ Tolland, and Windham.^I 2. Rhode Island (county areas with no county government): Bristol,^2 Kent, Newport, Providence, and Washington.^C 3. South Dakota (county areas attached to other counties for^J government purposes): Shannon, included with Fall River; and Todd,^ included with Tripp.^^NG. Other unorganized county-type areas .............................. 12^^" 1. Alaska: 11 census areas.^F 2. Montana: Area of Yellowstone National Park (areas located in^H Idaho and Wyoming are included in county areas in those states).^ GCropland - Land from which crops were harvested or hay was cut, land inHorchards, citrus groves, vineyards, nurseries, and greenhouses; and landJused only for pasture or grazing that could have been used for crops with-Jout additional improvement, and all land planted in crops that were grazed#before the crops reached maturity.^ 4Unadjusted dollars, not standardized for inflation.^ EThe population statistics for 1980 are based on results from the 1980JCensus of Population and Housing, conducted by the Bureau of the Census asHof April 1, 1980. As provided by article 1, section 2, of the U.S. Con-Hstitution, adopted in 1787, a census is taken every ten years commencingIwith 1790. Census data not only are used to apportion seats in the HouseHof Representatives and to aid legislators in the realignment of legisla-Jtive district boundaries but are also used in the distribution of billionsEof federal dollars each year, and are vital to private firms for suchFfunctions as market analysis, site selection, and environmental impact studies.^ KPersons enumerated in the census were counted as inhabitants of their usualHplace of residence, which generally means the place where a person livesIand sleeps most of the time. This place is not necessarily the same as aHlegal residence, voting residence, or domicile. In the vast majority ofHcases, however, the use of these different bases of classification wouldKproduce substantially the same statistics, although appreciable differencesmay exist for a few areas.^ HThe implementation of this practice has resulted in the establishment ofFresidence rules for certain categories of persons whose usual place ofIresidence is not immediately apparent (e.g., children in boarding schoolsIbelow the college level were counted at their parental home while collegeFstudents were counted at their college of residence). As in the aboveHexample, persons were not always counted as residents of the place whereFthey happened to be staying on census day. However, persons without aBusual place of residence were counted where they were enumerated.^ HFor detailed discussions of the background, purposes, planning, and pro-Fcedures used for the 1980 Census of Population and Housing, as well asHa facsimile of the questionnaires, and descriptions of the data productsIresulting from the census (including printed reports, summary tape files,Iand microfiche), see U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population-and Housing: Users' Guide (series PHC80-R1).^ ;To leave an area to take up permanent residence elsewhere.^ GA single physical location at which business is conducted or where ser-Dvices or industrial operations are performed. It is not necessarilyEidentical with the company or enterprise, which may consist of one orEmore establishments under common ownership control. The total estab-Ilishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than a precisemeasurement.^ IAny place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold or6normally would have been sold during the census year.^ IA relative measure of the energy required to heat a building. The great-Ger the value of "heating-degree days," the lower the mean daily outsideJtemperature is and therefore, the greater the energy that will required toFheat a building. One heating-degree day is accumulated for each wholeJdegree that the mean daily temperature is below 65 °F. This means that ifIthe mean daily temperature were 56 °F, the data would indicate 9 heating-.degree days. See also "Cooling-Degree Days."^ JHispanic origin is not a race category, and persons of Hispanic origin mayCbe of any race. Figures for the Hispanic population are based on aGcomplete-count question that asked respondents to identify whether theyKwere of Hispanic origin or descent. Persons indicating any one of the fourKHispanic categories (i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Hispanic)Gare collectively referred to as "persons of Hispanic origin". If, whenJinterviewed, the person reported a multiple origin and could not provide aGsingle origin, the origin of the person's mother was used. If a singleLresponse was not provided for the person's mother, the first reported originof the person was used.^ DA facility with at least six beds that is licensed by the state as aGhospital or that is operated as a hospital by a federal or state agencyIand is therefore not subject to state and local licensing laws. Institu-Gtions and services commonly referred to as convalescent and rest homes,Gnursing homes, infirmaries, old-age homes, and sanatoriums are excludedalmost entirely.^ EBeds, cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularly maintained (set up andIstaffed for use) for inpatients during the 12-month period. They excludenewborn infant bassinets.^ EA house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room occupied asJseparate living quarters or, if vacant, intended for occupancy as separateliving quarters.^ 5To come into an area to take up permanent residence.^ GLand watered by any artificial or controlled means, such as sprinklers,%furrows, ditches, or spreader dikes.^ GAn operating-unit concept that includes land owned and operated as wellFas land rented from others. The acreage designated as "land in farms"Cconsists primarily of agricultural land used for crops, pasture, or grazing.^ FThe mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic sub-Jstances into new products. The assembly of component parts of products isIalso considered to be manufacturing if the resulting product is neither aDstructure nor other fixed improvement. These activities are usuallyEcarried on in plants, factories, or mills that characteristically use8power-driven machines and materials handling equipment.^ DA value derived by summing the individual item values of a group andEdividing the sum by the number of items. This value is also referred*to as the "arithmetic mean" or "average."^ EThe number or value closest to the middle (or "median") of a group ofGnumbers or values. The "median" generally has the same number of itemsJ(numbers or values) above it and below it. For example, the median dollarGvalue of owner-occupied housing units is the dollar amount that dividesFthe distribution of owner-occupied housing units into two equal parts,Jone-half of the units falling below this "median" value and the other halfexceeding it.^ H"Minor Civil Divisions" (MCD's) are subdivisions of counties establishedIunder state law. Variously designated as towns, townships, and boroughs,Gthese MCD's exist in 20 states: Alaska, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana,JKansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, NewHHampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin.^ GDefined by the Bureau of the Census for statistical purposes as the sumFof: wage and/or salary income; net nonfarm self-employment income, netDfarm self-employment income; Social Security and railroad retirementIincome; public assistance income; and all other regularly received incomeGsuch as interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pensions, unemploymentcompensation, and alimony.^ FThe difference between the number of births and deaths in a particularHarea. Estimates of natural increase are based on reported vital statis-2tics (birth certificates and death certificates).^ EThe difference between the number of persons moving into a particularEarea and the number of persons moving away from the area. A positiveIfigure indicates net immigration to the area; a negative figure indicates net emigration from the area.^ AFacilities called "nursing homes" and facilities for the mentallyIretarded. Data presented in this database include hospital-based nursingHhomes and are preliminary. Nursing homes with fewer than three beds are
excluded.^ DPer individual. For instance, "Per capita income" means "income perindividual."^ IThe current income received by residents of an area from all sources. ItJis measured before deductions of income and other personal taxes but afterGdeduction of personal contributions for Social Security, government re-Gtirement, and other social insurance programs. It consists of wage andIsalary disbursements (covering missions, payments-in-kind, incentive pay-Gments, and tips), various types of supplementary earnings termed "otherHlabor income", proprietors' income, rental income of persons, dividends,Ipersonal interest income, and government and business transfer payments.^ H"Places" are discrete settlements with 2,500 or more inhabitants in 1980Ithat usually occupy only a portion of the county in which they are locat-Fed. Places may extend across county boundaries but never across state6boundaries. See "Geographic Areas" more information.^ GThe Bureau of Census classifies families and persons as below "poverty"Jlevel if their total family income or unrelated individual income was lessHthan the poverty threshold specified for the applicable family size, ageIof householder, and number of related children under 18 present. InmatesGof institutions, persons in military group quarters and college dormi-Ctories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years old are excluded.^ HThe quantity or amount of an item stated in terms of a predefined numberDof units of another item. For instance, "number of births per 1,000population" is a "rate."^ HAll establishments primarily engaged in selling merchandise for personalIor household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale ofHgoods. The census excluded governmental organizations classified in theGcovered industries except for liquor stores operated by state and localgovernments.^ HFor the 1980 census, two sampling rates were employed in addition to theI100 percent counts. For most of the country, one in every six householdsG(about 17 percent) received the "long form" or sample questionnaire; inJcounties, incorporated places, and minor civil divisions estimated to haveIfewer than 2,500 inhabitants, every other household (50 percent) receivedFthe sample questionnaire to increase the reliability of sample data inHsmall areas. Exact agreement is not expected between data based on sam-Fples and data resulting from complete counts. Sample estimates may beJassumed to be reliable where large numbers are involved and indicated onlyEpatterns, trends, and relationships where small numbers are involved.CStandard errors for the sample estimates can be determined by usingDinformation in the appendixes to the PC80-1-C and HC80-1-B reports.^ IMurder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravatedHassault, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. These crimesHare known jointly as the "Crime Index." By congressional mandate, arsonJwas added as the eighth Crime Index offense in 1979. Totals in this data-base do not include arson.^ GA type of minor civil division (a county subdivision) established under>state law. See "Minor Civil Divisions" for more information.^ GA type of minor civil division (a county subdivision) established under>state law. See "Minor Civil Divisions" for more information.^ FIncome for which services are not currently rendered. They consist ofIboth government and business transfer payments. Government transfer pay-Ements include payments under the following programs: federal old-age,Dsurvivors, disability, and health insurance; unemployment insurance;Hrailroad and government retirement; federal and state government-insuredHworkers' compensation; veterans benefits, including veterans life insur-Gance; food stamps; black lung; Supplemental Security Income; and Aid toJFamilies with Dependent Children. Government payments to nonprofit insti-Jtutions, other than for work under research and development contracts, areGalso included. The principal business transfers are corporate gifts to/nonprofit institutions and consumer bad debts.^ F"Unemployment" includes all persons who did not work during the surveyHweek, made specific efforts to find a job in the prior 4 weeks, and wereIavailable for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness).LPersons waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid offIand those waiting to report to a new job within the next 30 days are also"included in unemployment figures.^ B"Value added" by manufacture is derived by subtracting the cost ofJmaterials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contractIwork from the value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts forFservices rendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by theIaddition of value added by merchandising operations (i.e., the differenceHbetween the sales value and the cost of merchandise sold without furtherKmanufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goodsGand work in process between the beginning and end-of-year inventories.^ GA type of minor civil division (a county subdivision) established under>state law. See "Minor Civil Divisions" for more information.^ BMurder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, andaggravated assault.^ GAll establishments with one or more paid employees primarily engaged inIselling merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institution-Dal, farm, or professional users; or to other wholesalers. CompaniesGselling products to which they are entitled, as well as those acting asEagents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise toothers are included.^ JAfter you've defined your target area, you may conduct a search by select-King "Conduct Search" from the Main Menu. You can perform rankings, displayGstatistics, and perform queries. These three types of searches let you-analyze your data in a wide variety of ways:^ IRankings. Rankings sort any statistic from high-to-low or from low-to-Ihigh. They permit you to compare hundreds of locations based on any sta-tistic in the database.^ GDisplay Statistics. This search quickly displays up to 20 statisticsHfor any target area you define. This allows you to pull together a wideJvariety of statistics to create a "snapshot" of any area you've selected.^ MQuery. Queries are also called Boolean AND searches. StatMaster helps youLspecify the criteria for up to 20 statistics. The results are displayed forLall the locations in your target area that meet ALL the specified criteria.^ IYour "target area" is the sum of the areas in which you conduct searches.=You must define your target area before conducting a search.^ H"Define Target Area" is a Main Menu selection that permits you to selectElocations categorized as places, cities, counties, states, divisions,Gregions, or the entire United States. To select a target area, use theIarrow keys to highlight the area you are interested in and press Enter.GTo "unselect" an area, just highlight the area you wish to unselect andpress Enter.^ GChoosing "All" in any window selects all the locations in that menu. AGfast way to select all the areas in a menu except for a few is to first:select "All," then unselect the ones you wish to exclude.^ HAfter defining your target area, return to the Main Menu by pressing theDEsc key a few times, or by pressing "M" (for Main Menu) once.^ GAll statistics for all searches are automatically displayed in the sameHsequence in which you select them. This fact, coupled with StatMaster'sKautomatic multi-level sorting algorithm, assures that the data you are mostHinterested in will always be displayed as close as possible to the upperHleft hand corner of the first screen. This conveniently places the most$important data on the first screen.^ HSelect this type of search if you simply want to display information forIall the places in your target area. For instance, suppose you select allIcities in the United States as your target area. You can then display upGto 20 statistics from up to 20 categories. Pressing the "S" key (forMSearch) will display the data for all 20 statistics for the 957 U.S. citiesIyou selected as your target area. The data will be displayed in the same%sequence in which you selected them.^ MThe Esc key permits you to "escape" to the previous screen. In most cases,Iit permits you to change your mind about a decision you just made. ThinkGof it as the key that allows you to "escape" from where you are or whatyou're doing.^ KSome locations, column headings, and data have highlighted alphabet lettersKnext to them. These are footnotes. To see what these footnotes stand for,Pjust press "F" (for Footnotes) when "Footnotes" appears in the message barJat the bottom border of the screen. StatMaster will display the footnotesGthat pertain to the screen in which you are looking. Footnotes provide;important information for interpreting the data presented.^ MPress "P" (for Print) if you wish to print the footnotes. Press Esc to5remove the footnotes when you are ready to continue.^ HNote regarding Virginia: In Virginia, there is a footnote that refersGyou to look at "Notes Regarding Virginia." You can get to this menu byJlooking at the "Geographic Areas" selection in the "Information" selectionJat the Main Menu. Because many Virginia counties, cities, and independentJcities combined their data, it is imperative you review the information onEfootnoted items to avoid inaccurate interpretation of Virginia data.^ JEvery data entry has an item number that corresponds to the line number ofJthe data. This item number is displayed in the upper-right corner of dataIdisplays. "2 of 1797" means that the pointer (to the left of the data onDthe screen) is pointing at the second item in a list of 1797 items.^ OPressing "G" when Goto appears in the message bar of the screen invokes theJGoto function. StatMaster asks you which item number you wish to "go to."KIf you wish to "go to" item number 567, just type "567" at the Goto prompt,Kthen press Enter. You may move forward or backward through the display.^ GUsing the Goto function is handy when the data you wish to move throughHcontains a long string of zeros (often representing nondisclosed data).^ KIf you just want to go to the beginning or end of the data, it isn't neces-Hsary to use the Goto function. Simply press the Home key to go to theJfirst line in the list; press End to move to the last line in the list.^ JStatMaster automatically groups certain statistics for you. For instance,Iif you conduct a "Display Statistics" search across all U.S. counties andKask for the percentage of people who are over 75 years old, StatMaster willIdisplay this data for you. In addition, StatMaster will also display theLtotal population for each county. This permits you to quickly determine how=many persons over 75 there actually are in any given county.^ HThere are dozens of statistics that are grouped like this for you. ThisIfunction is fully automatic and will operate whenever appropriate to make?the interpretation of your information as useful as it can be.^ KTo identify grouped statistics, just look for two or more adjacent headings?that are the same color. (Regular headings alternate colors.)^ MThe Main Menu is StatMaster's first work screen. It provides three options:^ EDefine Target Area. This selection allows you to specify the areasL(counties, cities, places, etc.) across which you wish to perform searches.^ KConduct Search. This menu item permits you to select from three types ofLsearches: Rankings, Display Statistics, and Queries (Boolean AND searches).^ IInformation. This menu item provides you with a glossary of functionalKdefinitions, an overview of StatMaster functions, a listing of all the dataJcontained in StatMaster, complete source notes for all statistics, and in-&formation regarding geographic areas.^ JPressing "M" when Main Menu appears in the bottom border of the screenNmoves you immediately to the Main Menu. Press the "M" key to move instantly:to the Main Menu after you finish defining a target area.^ FThe bottom borders of StatMaster windows contain a line of informationIcalled a message bar. These information lines tell you every function orKkey that is active for the screen you are in. If you find yourself wonder-Iing what to do, take a few seconds to read the message bar. It will tell=you everything you can do from where you are in the program.^ GThe left side of the message bar indicates which functions are enabled.KFunctions appear in the message bars only when they are enabled. The firstJletter of each function is highlighted. To invoke one of these functions,Ijust press the first letter of the one you wish to perform. On the rightKside of the message bar, you'll see which keys are active. Pressing any ofLthese keys will perform actions for you. As you move from screen to screen,0the message bars change as your options change.^ IStatMaster sometimes prompts you to indicate your desired sort direction.2You have two choices: high-to-low or low-to-high.^ LAlthough you specify the sort direction for every parameter, the sort direc-Ition for the first parameter has the greatest impact on the final displayKsequence. This is because the entire first column is displayed in the sortIdirection you specified. The second column's sort direction will have anKeasily recognizable effect whenever several of the values in the first col-Iumn are identical. The third column's sort direction becomes significantCwhen the values in the first two columns are identical, and so on.^ KPressing "P" when Print appears in the message bar at the bottom borderIof the screen invokes the Print Function. Make sure your printer is con-#nected and that the power is "on."^ IStatMaster will print full text for all text printed from the InformationMsection. You can use the "Page Settings" option of the Utility Function toJselect whether you want to output one screen to each sheet of paper or two screens to each sheet of paper.^ H"Queries" are also called Boolean AND searches. StatMaster will displayHstatistics for all the areas that meet ALL the specifications you enter.DYou may specify up to 20 statistics from up to 20 major categories.^ KSuppose you select all the counties in your state as your target area. Be-Kgin by selecting your most important statistic. StatMaster will ask you toJspecify whether you wish to enter a minimum or maximum value for that sta-Ktistic. Select one. StatMaster will then ask you for a minimum or maximumKvalue. Enter a value, then press Enter. StatMaster will then ask you ifIyou want the resulting data to be sorted from high-to-low or from low-to-Ghigh. Select a sort direction. After you answer the questions for oneJstatistic, pick another statistic and continue the query. (Press Esc toLreturn to the menu of major categories when you wish to select another cate-Jgory.) After you've answered all the questions for all the statistics youHare interested in, press "S" to start the search. Try it... like mostGStatMaster functions, this is much easier to do than it is to explain.^ JSelecting this type of search permits you to sort any statistic from high-Lto-low or from low-to-high. A "ranking" is a basically just a sorted list.^ LSince StatMaster contains more than 350 statistics, you can perform over 700Hrankings. In the Bureau of the Census's hard copy "County and City DataJBook," areas that have the same rank are given the same ranking value. InJthis database, when two or more areas have the same value, they are ranked in alphabetical order by state.^ JTo perform a ranking, simply define your target area, then select the sta-Jtistic you wish to rank. StatMaster will ask you whether you wish to sortKthe results from "high-to-low" or from "low-to-high." Select one. As soonHas you do, the program will rank the data and display it to the screen.^ -Press "P" (for Print) to print the list.^ IWhen you are conducting a "Display Statistics" or "Query" type of search,Jyou may press the "R" key (for Review) to display a review of the dataKselections you have made. The review list shows you what you have selected+so far, in the sequence you selected them.^ KWhen performing Queries, the review list also tells you whether you select-Ked minimum or maximum values, what value you entered, and which sort direc-'tion you specified for each statistic.^ HPress the Esc key to return to the screen and continue your research.^ NTo access this option, just press "U" for (Utility) at the Main Menu. You can select from three options:^ MSelect Printer. This utility helps you optimize the printed output to yourKprinter. "Standard Printer" handles most printers, including lasers. "IBMHGraphics Printer" provides "What you see is what you get" output for IBMJGraphics Printer-compatible printers. "Spooler/Network" permits printoutson shared printers.^ IPage Settings. This utility lets you select whether you print a singleJscreen to a sheet of paper or two screens of information to a single sheetKof paper. (Printing one screen to a sheet of paper is convenient; printing5two screens to a sheet of paper is more economical.)^ HScreen Colors. Use this option to select the screen color combination you prefer.^ JThe View mode allows you to see all the statistics for a given location inKa single-screen "view." This feature is enabled when data is displayed forK"Display Statistics" or "Query" type searches. To generate a single-screenJview for any location on your data display, use the down and up arrow keysKto position the highlighted pointer next to the location you are interestedJin, then press Enter. For help with View, press "V" (for View) when%"View" appears in the message bar.^ OAfter you've generated a single-screen view, press "P" (for Print) to print the screen.^ JOne very useful feature of StatMaster is its ability to conduct "what if?"Gsessions. StatMaster permits you to quickly conduct your search again,8tweaking just a single statistic or two with each pass.^ LSuppose you are looking at the results of a query. Suppose further that youIwant to repeat the search, except that you'd like to use a slightly lowerL"median income per capita" statistic. Just press the Esc key. Then beginNpressing the Enter key. Each time you do, StatMaster will present your pre-Kvious selection or value. Continue tapping the Enter key until you reachLthe value you wish to modify. (You must press Esc to exit the major cate-Lgories.) Just type in the new value and continue or press "S" to search.^ JYou may repeat these searches as many times as you wish. Conducting theseJ"what if" sessions allows you to perform in-depth analysis of the data youKare studying. Try it... "what if" sessions are easier to conduct than theyare to explain.^ GThe 1988 county and city data includes 207 individual data items for 516states and the District of Columbia. These data are:^^O* Annual payroll of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^H* Annual payroll of taxable service establishments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^(* Average size of farm, 1982, (acres)^<* Average value of land and buildings per acre, 1982 ($1)^@* Average value of land and buildings per farm, 1982 ($1,000)^7* Average value of products sold per farm, 1982 ($1)^** Bank deposits, June 1986 ($1,000,000)^3* Bank deposits, percent change 1985-1986 - June^* Births, 1980-1986^* Births, 1984^&* Births per 1,000 population, 1984^8* Births to mothers under 20 years old, percent, 1984^ * Civilian labor force, 1986^4* Civilian labor force, percent change, 1985-1986^)* Cropland, 1982, (thousands of acres)^* Deaths, 1980-1986^* Deaths, 1984^/* Deaths of infants under one year old, 1984^E* Deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births, 1984^&* Deaths per 1,000 population, 1984^* Divorces, 1984^(* Divorces per 1,000 population, 1984^ * Elections - leading party^>* Elections - percent of votes cast for leading party, 1984^.* Elections - vote cast for President, 1984^<* Employment in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, 1985^&* Employment in manufacturing, 1985^L* Employment in private non-farm establishments, percent change 1984-1985^%* Employment in retail trade, 1985^!* Employment in services, 1985^ * Family households, 1980^-* Farm acreage, 1982, (thousands of acres)^+* Farm acreage, percent change 1978-1982^%* Farm earnings, 1982 ($1,000,000)^%* Farm earnings, 1983 ($1,000,000)^%* Farm earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^3* Farm earnings, percent of total earnings, 1984^<* Farm operators, percent residing on farm operated, 1982^H* Farm operators, percent whose principal occupation is farming, 1982^* Farms, 1982^1* Farms, percent with 500 acres and over, 1982^1* Farms, percent with less than 50 acres, 1982^8* Federal funds and grants per capita, 1986 (dollars)^D* Federal funds and grants, total expenditures, 1986 ($1,000,000)^J* Federal funds and grants, total expenditures percent change 1985-1986^I* Federal funds, direct payments for individuals per capita, 1986 ($1)^E* Federal funds, procurement contract awards per capita, 1986 ($1)^<* Federal funds, salaries and wages per capita, 1986 ($1)^1* Federal government civilian employment, 1984^C* Federal government civilian employment earnings, 1984 ($1,000)^/* Federal grant awards per capita, 1986 ($1)^* Hospital beds, 1985^/* Hospital beds per 100,000 population, 1985^* Hospitals, 1985^* Households, 1980^* Households, 1985^)* Households, percent change 1980-1985^* Housing units, 1980^,* Housing units, percent change 1970-1980^K* Industrial, % of value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986^4* Irrigated farm land, 1982, (thousands of acres)^#* Land area, 1980 (square miles)^>* Local government debt outstanding, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^A* Local government debt outstanding per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^K* Local government direct general expenditures, percent change 1977-1982^.* Local government employment, October 1982^<* Local government employment per 10,000 population, 1982^=* Local government general revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^G* Local government intergovernmental revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^?* Local government property taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^3* Local government taxes, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^6* Local government taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^M* Local govt direct general expenditures, % for health and hospitals 81-82^K* Local govt direct general expenditures, % for police protection '81-82^K* Local govt direct general expenditures, % for public welfare 1981-1982^C* Local govt direct general expenditures, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^F* Local govt direct general expenditures, per capita 1981-1982 ($1)^J* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for education 1981-82^K* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for highways 1981-1982^K* Local govt expend, elem. and secondary education per capita, 1982 ($1)^K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and secondary education, 1982 (mil dol)^K* Local govt intergovernmental revenue, percent from state govt, 1981-82^ * Males per 100 females, 1984^>* Manufacturers new capital expenditures, 1982 ($1,000,000)^4* Manufacturing annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^.* Manufacturing earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^5* Manufacturing earnings, percent change 1983-1984^.* Manufacturing employees, 1982 (thousands)^6* Manufacturing employees, percent change 1977-1982^'* Manufacturing establishments, 1984^K* Manufacturing establishments, percent with 100 or more employees, 1982^7* Manufacturing production workers, 1982 (thousands)^>* Manufacturing production workers wages, 1982 ($1,000,000)^A* Manufacturing production workers work hours, 1982 (millions)^9* Manufacturing wages per production worker, 1982 ($1)^* Marriages, 1984^)* Marriages per 1,000 population, 1984^"* Median household income, 1979^<* Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^:* Money income per capita, 1979 (constant 1985 dollars)^4* Money income per capita, 1979 (current dollars)^'* Money income per capita, 1985 ($1)^ * Net migration, 1980-1986^4* New private authorized housing units, 1980-1986^I* New private authorized housing units, 1980-86, percent of 1980 stock^/* New private authorized housing units, 1986^ * Nursing home beds, 1986^* Nursing homes, 1986^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^G* Occupied housing units, percent with two or more automobiles, 1980^H* Offices, % of value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986^J* One-person householder, living alone, percent of all households, 1980^J* Owner-occupied housing units, percent of occupied housing units, 1980^E* Paid employees of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^H* Paid employees of taxable service establishments with payroll, 1982^5* Percent American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut, 1980^-* Percent Asian and Pacific Islander, 1980^(* Percent Black and other races, 1984^* Percent Hispanic, 1980^2* Percent of families below poverty level, 1979^9* Percent of farms with sales of $10,000 or more, 1982^:* Percent of farms with sales of $100,000 or more, 1982^K* Percent of households with female householder, no spouse present, 1980^N* Percent of persons 25 years & older with 12 years or more education, 1980^N* Percent of persons 25 years & older with 16 years or more education, 1980^1* Percent of persons below poverty level, 1979^3* Percent of population 15 to 24 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 25 to 34 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 35 to 44 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 45 to 54 years old, 1984^2* Percent of population 5 to 14 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 55 to 64 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 65 to 74 years old, 1984^6* Percent of population 75 years old and over, 1984^2* Percent of population under 5 years old, 1984^;* Percent of total civilian labor force unemployed, 1986^#* Percent White population, 1984^'* Personal income, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings including farm earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings, percent in Goods-Related Industries, 1984^:* Personal income earnings, percent in Government, 1984^H* Personal income earnings, percent in Manufacturing Industries, 1984^<* Personal income earnings, percent in Retail Trade, 1984^8* Personal income earnings, percent in Services, 1984^** Personal income per capita, 1984 ($1)^.* Personal income, percent change 1980-1984^J* Personal income, percent in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, 1984^K* Personal income, percent in Service-Related and other industries, 1984^9* Personal income transfer payments, 1984 ($1,000,000)^ * Persons per household, 1985^+* Physicians (active, non-federal), 1985^B* Physicians (active, non-federal) per 100,000 population, 1985^* Population, 1980^* Population, 1984^* Population, 1986^!* Population change, 1980-1986^** Population over 25 years of age, 1980^%* Population per square mile, 1986^)* Population percent change, 1980-1986^* Population rank, 1986^** Private non-farm establishments, 1985^F* Private non-farm establishments annual payroll, 1985 ($1,000,000)^:* Private non-farm establishments, net change 1984-1985^L* Private non-farm estabs, average annual payroll per employee, 1985 ($1)^#* Public school enrollment, 1980^4* Public school enrollment, 1986-1987 school year^F* Receipts of Health Services (excluding hospitals), 1982 (mil dol)^2* Receipts of Legal Services, 1982 ($1,000,000)^2* Receipts of Lodging Places, 1982 ($1,000,000)^L* Receipts of taxable service establishments with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^&* Retail trade establishments, 1982^3* Retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^** Retail trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^-* Retail trade sales per capita, 1982 ($1)^1* Retail trade sales, percent change 1977-1982^@* Sales of Apparel and Accessory Stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^>* Sales of Eating and Drinking Places per capita, 1982 ($1)^/* Sales of Food Stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^D* Sales of General Merchandise Group Stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^@* Savings capital of S&L Associations, June 1986 ($1,000,000)^B* Savings capital of S&L Associations, percent change 1985-1986^)* Serious crimes known to police, 1985^@* Serious crimes known to police per 100,000 population, 1985^6* Social security beneficiaries as of December 1985^=* Social security beneficiaries per 1,000 population, 1985^5* Social security payments, December 1985 ($1,000)^G* Stores, % of value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986^?* Supplemental security income program recipients, June 1986^C* Taxable service industries - establishments with payroll, 1982^>* Total employment in private non-farm establishments, 1985^L* Total sales of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^** Unemployed civilian labor force, 1986^2* Value added by manufacture, 1982 ($1,000,000)^4* Value of authorized construction, 1986 ($1,000)^C* Value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986 ($1,000)^L* Value of authorized residential additions & alterations, 1986 (mil dol)^@* Value of authorized residential construction, 1986 ($1,000)^3* Value of farm products sold, 1982 ($1,000,000)^:* Value of farm products sold, percent from crops, 1982^J* Value of farm products sold, percent from livestock and poultry, 1982^8* Value of manufacturing shipments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^)* Violent crimes known to police, 1985^6* Wholesale trade annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^)* Wholesale trade establishments, 1982^8* Wholesale trade paid employees as of March 12, 1982^-* Wholesale trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^ HThe 1988 county and city data includes 138 individual data items for 957Kincorporated cities, boroughs, towns, and villages in the United States andHseven designated places in Hawaii that had 25,000 or more inhabitants in April 1980. These data are:^^-* Annual precipitation, 1951-1980 (inches)^;* Average daily maximum July temperature (°F), 1951-1980^>* Average daily minimum January temperature (°F), 1951-1980^9* Average monthly commercial electric bills, 1986 ($1)^J* Average monthly residential electric bills - percent change 1980-1986^:* Average monthly residential electric bills, 1986 ($1)^* Births, 1984^&* Births per 1,000 population, 1984^=* City government debt outstanding - percent utility, 1985^8* City government debt outstanding, 1985 ($1,000,000)^;* City government debt outstanding per capita, 1985 ($1)^D* City government employees per 10,000 population, 1985 (October)^C* City government employment - percent education, 1985 (October)^/* City government employment, 1985 (October)^L* City government gen revenue intergovernmental - % from state govt, 1985^F* City government general expenditures - percent for Highways, 1985^L* City government general expenditures - percent for Public Welfare, 1985^<* City government general expenditures, 1985 ($1,000,000)^?* City government general expenditures per capita, 1985 ($1)^7* City government general revenue, 1985 ($1,000,000)^I* City government general revenue intergovernmental, 1985 ($1,000,000)^9* City government property taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^I* City government sales and gross receipts taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^-* City government taxes, 1985 ($1,000,000)^0* City government taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^;* City govt general expenditures - % for Education, 1985^F* City govt general expenditures - % for Health and Hospitals, 1985^L* City govt general expenditures - % for Housing and Community Dev., 1985^F* City govt general expenditures - % for Parks and Recreation, 1985^C* City govt general expenditures - % for Police Protection, 1985^I* City govt general expenditures - % for Sewerage and Sanitation, 1985^J* City govt general expenditures - capital outlays per capita, '85 ($1)^.* Civilian labor force - unemployment, 1986^3* Civilian labor force - unemployment rate, 1986^ * Civilian labor force, 1986^3* Civilian labor force, percent change 1985-1986^#* Cooling degree days, 1951-1980^* Deaths, 1984^&* Deaths per 1,000 population, 1984^4* Employment (persons 16 years old and over) 1980^(* Federal government employment, 1984^,* Federal grant awards, 1986 ($1,000,000)^;* Federal procurement contract awards, 1986 ($1,000,000)^ * Form of government, 1986^#* Heating degree days, 1951-1980^* Hospital beds, 1985^/* Hospital beds per 100,000 population, 1985^* Hospitals, 1985^* Households, 1980^* Housing units, 1980^-* Housing units, percent change, 1970-1980^%* Infant deaths under 1 year, 1984^;* Infant deaths under 1 year per 1,000 live births, 1984^#* Land area, 1980 (square miles)^#* Land area, 1985 (square miles)^** Manufacturing employees, 1982 (1,000)^>* Manufacturing employees annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^5* Manufacturing employees percent change 1977-1982^'* Manufacturing establishments, 1982^3* Manufacturing production workers, 1982 (1,000)^>* Manufacturing production workers wages, 1982 ($1,000,000)^B* Manufacturing production workers work hours, 1982 (1,000,000)^B* Manufacturing wages, average per production worker, 1982 ($1)^;* Mean average daily January temperature (°F), 1951-1980^8* Mean average daily July temperature (°F), 1951-1980^G* Median value of year-round owner occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^:* Money income per capita, 1979 (constant 1985 dollars)^4* Money income per capita, 1979 (current dollars)^<* Money income per capita, percent of state average, 1985^B* New capital expenditures for manufacturing, 1982 ($1,000,000)^K* New private housing units authorized, 1980-86, % of 1980 housing stock^?* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1980-1986^:* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1986^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^;* One person households, percent of all households, 1980^@* Owner occupied units, percent of total occupied units, 1980^"* Per capita money income, 1985^$* Percent 65 years and over, 1980^5* Percent American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut, 1980^-* Percent Asian and Pacific Islander, 1980^#* Percent black population, 1980^8* Percent completing 12 years of school or more, 1980^8* Percent completing 16 years of school or more, 1980^* Percent Hispanic, 1980^:* Percent of births to mothers under 20 years old, 1984^2* Percent of families below poverty level, 1979^L* Percent of households with female householder - no spouse present, 1980^L* Percent of manufacturing establishments with 20 or more employees, 1982^1* Percent of persons below poverty level, 1979^G* Percent of year-round housing units built in 1939 or earlier, 1980^C* Percent of year-round housing units with 5 or more units, 1980^#* Percent white population, 1980^ * Persons per household, 1980^* Police officers, 1985^0* Police officers per 10,000 population, 1985^* Population, 1980^* Population, 1986^ * Population change 1980-1986^'* Population over 25 years old, 1980^%* Population per square mile, 1986^(* Population percent change 1980-1986^* Population rank, 1986^O* Precision production craft, and operators employment/1,000 employees, 1980^O* Professional, Specialty and Technical employment per 1,000 employees, 1980^O* Ret trade estabs w/payroll-Eating & Drinking Stores-sales/capita, '82 ($1)^M* Retail Apparel and Accessory Stores w/payroll, sales per capita, 82 ($1)^&* Retail trade establishments, 1982^B* Retail trade establishments annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^M* Retail trade establishments w/payroll, paid employees % change 1977-1982^@* Retail trade establishments w/payroll, paid employees, 1982^3* Retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^G* Retail trade estabs w/payroll, Food Stores, sales per capita, 1982^L* Retail trade estabs w/payroll, Gen Merchandise Stores, sales/capita '82^** Retail trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^-* Retail trade sales per capita, 1982 ($1)^0* Retail trade sales percent change 1977-1982^)* Serious crimes known to police, 1985^@* Serious crimes known to police per 100,000 population, 1985^M* Taxable serv industries, Health Services except Hospitals, '82 (mil dol)^O* Taxable service industries - establishments annual payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^C* Taxable service industries - establishments with payroll, 1982^O* Taxable service industries - estabs with payroll receipts, 1982, (mil dol)^O* Taxable service industries, estabs w/payroll Legal Services, '82 (mil dol)^G* Taxable service industries, estabs w/payroll, paid employees, 1982^>* Taxable service industries, Lodging Places, '82 (mil dol)^O* Total sales of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^2* Value added by manufacture, 1982 ($1,000,000)^8* Value of manufacturing shipments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^L* Value of new private housing units authorized by permits, 1986 ($1,000)^)* Violent crimes known to police, 1985^6* Wholesale trade annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^)* Wholesale trade establishments, 1982^K* Wholesale trade paid employees for pay period including March 12, 1982^-* Wholesale trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^#* Year-round housing units, 1980^ JThe 1988 county and city data presents six data items from the 1980 CensusHof Population and Housing for 9,542 places of 2,500 or more inhabitants.These data are:^^"* Money income per capita, 1979^"* Money income per capita, 1985^6* Money income percent change per capita, 1979-1985^ * Population, April 1, 1980^&* Population, July 1, 1986 estimate^)* Population percent change, 1980-1986^ GData presented for the United States includes data totals compiled fromEcounty statistics for the fifty states and the District of Columbia.^ KThrough historical precedent, the Bureau of the Census has compiled data byGdividing the United States into four geographic regions. These are theHWest, the Midwest, the Northeast, and the South. Each geographic regionGconsists of a group of contiguous states, except for Alaska and Hawaii,Iwhich are a part of the West region. Data presented in this database for<U.S. regions are totals of all county data for each region.^ GThe Bureau of the Census further subdivided the four major U.S. regionsKinto nine geographic divisions. These divisions are the Pacific, Mountain,FWest North Central, West South Central, East North Central, East SouthICentral, South Atlantic, Middle Atlantic, New England. Data presented inGthis database for U.S. divisions are totals of all county data for each
division.^ FThe 50 states and the District of Columbia are the primary constituentGunits of the United States. Data presented in this database for statesKare totals of all county data for each state. In this database, Washington(DC is treated as a single-county state.^ EThere are 3,139 counties and county equivalents in the United States.HThese 3,139 counties and county equivalents are the primary divisions ofstates.^ KIn Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, the countyFequivalents are the organized boroughs plus the census areas that wereIjointly developed for general statistical purposes by the state of Alaskaand the Census Bureau.^ FMaryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have one or more incorporatedEplaces that are legally independent of any county and thus constitute#primary divisions of their states.^ JThe portion of Yellowstone National Park in Montana is treated as a county equivalent.^ EThe District of Columbia has no primary divisions; the entire area is7considered equivalent to a county for census purposes.^ JThe 133 areas classified as county equivalents for the 1980 census includeK11 organized boroughs and 12 census areas in Alaska; the District of Colum-Gbia; 64 parishes in Louisiana; Baltimore city, Maryland; St.Louis city,HMissouri; the part of Yellowstone National Park in Montana; Carson City,/Nevada; and 41 independent cities in Virginia.^ JThe term "city" refers to those places with a population of 25,000 or overLin 1980 that have been incorporated as cities, boroughs, towns, and villagesLunder the laws of their respective states with the following exceptions: theLtowns in the New England states, New York, and Wisconsin and the boroughs inJAlaska and New York. The boroughs in New York city, while not cities, areJincluded by the Bureau of the Census as a city; the boroughs in Alaska areJcounty equivalents and are presented as counties by the Bureau of the Cen-sus.^ HThe towns in the states noted above are treated as minor civil divisionsF(MCDs) for census purposes, similar to townships in other states. TheEcities for which data are included are those incorporated places thatIhad a population of 25,000 or more in 1980, with the exception of Hawaii,Ffor which the Bureau of the Census does not recognize any incorporated@places, and the five boroughs of New York city, which are MCDs.^ IIn Hawaii, the seven census designated places (CDPs) with a population ofI25,000 or more in 1980 are shown. Data from noncensus sources for HawaiiGare usually indicated with a footnote. With the exception of Hilo, the@seven CDPs shown for Hawaii are all located in Honolulu County.^ KThe Bureau of the Census presents data for places and minor civil divisionsLwith 2,500 or more inhabitants in 1980. Typically, places are discrete set-Jtlements, usually occupying only a portion of the county in which they areKlocated. Places may extend across county boundaries but never across state boundaries.^ GIn June 1986, the Northwest Arctic Borough, a county-equivalent entity,Fwas established in Alaska. This borough coincides with the 1980 KobukKCensus Area and some unpopulated territory within the North Slope Borough.^ GIn November 1987, the Aleutians East Borough was established from partsJof the Aleutian Islands and Dillingham Census Areas. These two areas have'not been included in this publication.^ JSome data for Alaska were published for the 29 census divisions recognizedIin the 1970 census; a minor redefinition occurred in July 1972 when NorthJSlope Borough was established. Extensive revision resulted in 23 boroughsIand census areas recognized in the 1980 census and shown in this publica-Ktion. This causes some problems in data presentation. Data from noncensusKareas as the census population figures, resulting in slight inconsistenciesHin coverage and data. Eleven of the entities experienced no significantKchange in area definition between July 1972 and January 1980, although some#name changes did occur, as follows.Name Changes in Alaska:^^A Borough/Census Area Census Division^8 (1980) (1970)^^; Anchorage Anchorage^E Bristol Bay Bristol Bay Borough^; Fairbanks North Star Fairbanks^8 Juneau Juneau^; Ketchikan Gateway Ketchikan^7 Kobuk Kobuk^8 Kodiak Island Kodiak^C Matanuska-Susitna Matanuska-Susitna^6 Nome Nome^D North Slope Barrow-North Slope^> Wade Hampton Wade Hampton^^.Census division name and territory changes:^^= Borough/Census Census Division Change^$ Area (1980) (1970)^^I Aleutian Islands Aleutian Islands Minus territory to^A Dillingham^^J Dillingham Bristol Bay Plus territory from^G Aleutian Islands^^I Haines Haines Minus territory to^M Skagway-Yakutat Angoon^^I Sitka Sitka Minus territory to^J Wrangell-Petersburg^^:Census division name and territory changes (continued):^^J Southeast Fairbanks Southeast Fairbanks Plus territory from^B Upper Yukon^^J Wrangell-Petersburg Wrangell-Petersburg Plus territory from^L Sitka minus territory^I to Skagway-Yakutat^= Angoon^^KTwo 1980 entities represent a combination of census divisions: Kenai Penin-Isula Borough is composed of Kenai-Cook Inlet and Seward Census Divisions;JPrince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area is composed of Outer Ketchikan&and Prince of Wales Census Divisions.^ HTwo 1980 census areas result from a combination of census divisions plusJsome territory from other divisions: Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area isKcomposed of Angoon and Skagway-Yakutat Census Divisions plus small portionsIof Haines and Wrangell-Petersburg Census Divisions; Valdez-Cordova CensusGArea is composed of Cordova-McCarthy and Valdez-Chitina-Whittier CensusGDivisions plus a small portion of Southeast Fairbanks Census Division.^ JData for the other two census areas generally footnoted as "not available"Lbecause major splits of census divisions are involved: Bethel Census Area isFcomposed of Bethel Census Division and approximately half of KuskokwimGCensus Division; Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area is composed of Yukon-KoyukukJCensus Division, approximately half of Kuskokwim Census Division, and most of Upper Yukon Census Division.^ GData from the 1978 and 1982 Censuses of Agriculture for Alaska are onlyJavailable for five groupings of census divisions. The groupings of censusJdivisions and the groupings of current boroughs/census areas are identicalDfor the Juneau and Kenai Peninsula areas but differ for the Aleutian)Islands, Anchorage, and Fairbanks areas.^ LThe Aleutian Islands area includes the Aleutian Islands, Barrow-North Slope,BBethel, Bristol Bay, Bristol Bay Borough, Kobuk, Kodiak, Nome, and Wade Hampton Census Divisions.^ KThe Anchorage area includes Anchorage, Cordova-McCarthy, Matanuska-Susitna,.and Valdez-Chitina-Whittier Census Divisions.^ LThe Fairbanks area includes Fairbanks, Kuskokwim, Southeast Fairbanks, Upper+Yukon, and Yukon-Koyukuk Census Divisions.^ FIn January 1983, La Paz County was established in Arizona from part ofIYuma County. These two counties have been included in this publication.^ HSeven areas in Essex County, New Jersey, have changed their legal statusMfrom city to township since 1980. These areas have been noted as townships.^ FIn June 1981, Cibola County was established in New Mexico from part ofValencia County.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedEtheir data for bank deposits. This data is not available separately.IBecause of this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpreting these statistics:^^'* Bank deposits, June 1986 (mil dol)^2* Bank deposits, percent change, 1985-1986 June^^KIndependent city of Manassas Park included w/independent city of Manassas.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedJtheir data for farm data. This data is not available separately. BecauseLof this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpret-ing these statistics:^^* Farms, 19820* Farms, percent with less than 50 acres, 19820* Farms, percent with 500 acres and over, 1982G* Farm operators, percent whose principal occupation is farming, 1982;* Farm operators, percent residing on farm operated, 1982,* Farm acreage, 1982, (thousands of acres)+* Farm acreage, percent change, 1978-1982'* Average size of farm, 1982, (acres)(* Cropland, 1982, (thousands of acres)?* Average value of land and buildings per farm, 1982 ($1,000);* Average value of land and buildings per acre, 1982 ($1)5* Total value of farm products sold, 1982 (mil dol)6* Average value of products sold per farm, 1982 ($1)9* Value of farm products sold, percent from crops, 1982I* Value of farm products sold, percent from livestock and poultry, 19828* Percent of farms with sales of $10,000 or more, 1982:* Percent of farms with sales of $100,000 or more, 1982^^0Albemarle County includes Charlottesville city.^?Alleghany County includes Clifton Forge and Convington cities.^9Augusta Country includes Staunton and Waynesboro cities.^&Bedford County includes Bedford city.^)Campbell County includes Lynchburg city.^'Chesapeake city includes Emporia city.^4Chesterfield County includes Colonial Heights city.^+Dinwiddie County includes Petersburg city.^FFairfax County includes Alexandria, Fairfax, and Falls Church cities.^*Fredrick County includes Winchester city.^$Grayson County includes Galax city.^)Greenville county includes Emporia city.^+Halifax County includes South Boston City.^'Henrico County includes Richmond city.^)Henry County includes Martinsville city.^.James City County includes Williamsburg city.^)Montgomery County includes Radford city.^,Pittsylvania County includes Danville city.^-Prince George County includes Hopewell city.^BPrince William County includes Manassas and Manassas Park cities.^2Roanoke County includes Roanoke and Salem cities.^=Rockbridge County includes Buena Vista and Lexington cities.^.Rockingham County includes Harrisonburg city.^,Southhampton County includes Franklin city.^2Spotsylvania County includes Fredericksburg city.^)Washington County includes Bristol city.^"Wise County includes Norton city.^@York County includes Hampton, Newport News, and Poquoson cites.^^4* Irrigated farm land, 1982, (thousands of acres)^^0Albemarle County includes Charlottesville city.^?Alleghany County includes Clifton Forge and Convington cities.^&Bedford County includes Bedford city.^)Campbell County includes Lynchburg city.^'Chesapeake city includes Emporia city.^4Chesterfield County includes Colonial Heights city.^+Dinwiddie County inlcudes Petersburg city.^FFairfax County includes Alexandria, Fairfax, and Falls Church cities.^$Grayson County includes Galax city.^)Greenville county includes Emporia city.^+Halifax County inlcudes South Boston City.^'Henrico County includes Richmond city.^)Henry County includes Martinsville city.^)Montgomery County includes Radford city.^,Pittsylvania County includes Danville city.^-Prince George County includes Hopewell city.^BPrince William County includes Manassas and Manassas Park cities.^=Rockbridge County includes Buena Vista and Lexington cities.^.Rockingham County includes Harrisonburg city.^,Southhampton County includes Franklin city.^2Spotsylvania County includes Fredericksburg city.^)Washington County includes Bristol city.^"Wise County includes Norton city.^@York County includes Hampton, Newport News, and Poquoson cites.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedKtheir data for physicians. This data is not available separately. BecauseLof this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpret-ing these statistics:^^+* Physicians (active, non-federal), 1985^B* Physicians (active, non-federal) per 100,000 population, 1985^^0Albemarle County includes Charlottesville city.^?Alleghany County includes Clifton Forge and Convington cities.^9Augusta Country includes Staunton and Waynesboro cities.^&Bedford County includes Bedford city.^0Campbell County includes Colonial Heights city.^$Carroll County includes Galax city.^4Chesterfield County includes Colonial Heights city.^+Dinwiddie County inlcudes Petersburg city.^9Fairfax County includes Fairfax and Falls Church cities.^*Fredrick County includes Winchester city.^)Greenville county includes Emporia city.^+Halifax County inlcudes South Boston City.^'Henrico County includes Richmond city.^)Henry County includes Martinsville city.^.James City County includes Williamsburg city.^)Montgomery County includes Radford city.^'Norfolk city includes Portsmouth city.^,Pittsylvania County includes Danville city.^BPrince William County includes Manassas and Manassas Park cities.^-Prince George County includes Hopewell city.^2Roanoke County includes Roanoke and Salem cities.^=Rockbridge County includes Buena Vista and Lexington cities.^.Rockingham County includes Harrisonburg city.^,Southhampton County includes Franklin city.^2Spotsylvania County includes Fredericksburg city.^)Washington County includes Bristol city.^"Wise County includes Norton city.^$York County includes Poquoson city.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedJtheir data for farm data. This data is not available separately. BecauseLof this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpret-ing these statistics:^^4* Public school enrollment, 1986-1987 school year^^:Independent city of Bedford included with Bedford County.^BIndependent city of Clifton Forge included with Alleghany County.^>Independent city of Emporia included with Greensville County.^:Independent city of Fairfax included with Fairfax County.^BIndependent city of Williamsburg included with James City County.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedJtheir data for farm data. This data is not available separately. BecauseLof this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpret-ing these statistics:^^O* Annual payroll of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^E* Paid employees of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^L* Total sales of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^^KIndependent city of Manassas Park included w/independent city of Manassas.^ IA number of counties, cities, and independent cities in Virginia combinedLtheir data for Social Security data. This data is not available separately.IBecause of this, it is important to keep the following notes in mind when interpreting these statistics:^^6* Social security beneficiaries as of December 1985^=* Social security beneficiaries per 1,000 population, 1985^5* Social security payments, December 1985 ($1,000)^I* Number of Supplemental Security Income Program recipients, June 1986^^KIndependent city of Manassas Park included w/independent city of Manassas.^ 5* Percent of population under five years old, 1984^2* Percent of population 5 to 14 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 15 to 24 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 25 to 34 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 35 to 44 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 45 to 54 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 55 to 64 years old, 1984^3* Percent of population 65 to 74 years old, 1984^6* Percent of population 75 years old and over, 1984^* Population, 1984^^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, County Population Estimates (experi->mental) By Age, Sex, and Race: 1980-1984, computer tape file.^^^DAge is classified as age at last birthday (i.e., number of completed#years from birth to July 1, 1984).^ * Farms, 1982^1* Farms, percent with less than 50 acres, 1982^1* Farms, percent with 500 acres and over, 1982^H* Farm operators, percent whose principal occupation is farming, 1982^<* Farm operators, percent residing on farm operated, 1982^-* Farm acreage, 1982, (thousands of acres)^+* Farm acreage, percent change 1978-1982^(* Average size of farm, 1982, (acres)^4* Irrigated farm land, 1982, (thousands of acres)^)* Cropland, 1982, (thousands of acres)^^JSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Agriculture, State and County Data (series AC82-A).^^^CThe 1982 Census of Agriculture, the 22nd taken by the Bureau of theKCensus, was conducted primarily by mail. The mail list for the 1982 censusJwas comprised of all individuals, businesses, and organizations that couldHbe readily identified as being associated with agriculture. The list ofIapproximately 3,653,000 was assembled from the records of the 1978 censusHand administrative records of various government agencies, primarily theAInternal Revenue Service and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.^ ESince 1850, when minimum criteria defining a farm for census purposesHwere first established, the farm definition has been changed nine times.KThe current definition, first used for the 1974 Census of Agriculture finalHreports, is any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural productsGwere sold or normally would have been sold during the census year. AllIfarms are classified by size and according to the total land area in each operation.^ HThe term "farm operator" designates a person who operates a farm, eitherLdoing the work or making day-to-day decisions about such things as planting,Kharvesting, feeding, marketing, etc. The operator may be the owner, a mem-Jber of the owner's household, a salaried manager, a tenant, a renter, or aIsharecropper. For partnerships, only one partner is counted as an opera-Jtor. For census purposes, the number of operators is the same as the num-ber of farms.^ FLand in farms is an operating-unit concept and includes land owned andGoperated as well as land rented from others. The acreage designated asG"land in farms" consists primarily of agricultural land used for crops,Jpasture, or grazing. It also includes woodland and wasteland not actuallyIunder cultivation or used for pasture or grazing, provided it was part ofIthe farm operator's total operation. All and in Indian reservations usedLfor growing crops or grazing livestock was to be included as land in farms.^ HWith few exceptions, the land in each farm was tabulated as being in theIoperator's principal county. The principal county was defined as the oneLwhere the largest value of agricultural products was raised or produced. ItKwas usually the county containing all or the largest proportion of the landKin the farm. For a limited number of Midwest and Western states, this pro-Lcedure resulted in the allocation of more land in farms to a county than theKtotal land area of the county. To minimize this distortion in 1982, separ-Jate reports were required for large farms, identified from the 1978 censusKas having more than one farm unit. Other reports showing land in more thanKone county were separated into two or more reports if the data would signi-Fficantly affect the county totals. These reports were assigned to the3appropriate counties during processing operations.^ DIrrigated land includes land watered by any artificial or controlledKmeans, such as sprinklers, furrows or ditches, and spreader dikes. Supple-Kmental, partial, and preplant irrigation are included. Each acre was to beGcounted only once regardless of the number of times it was irrigated or harvested.^ FCropland includes land from which crops were harvested or hay was cut,Kland in orchards, citrus groves, vineyards, nurseries, and greenhouses; andIland used only for pasture or grazing that could have been used for cropsGwithout additional improvement, and all land planted in crops that wereJgrazed before the crops reached maturity. Also included were all croplandHused for rotation pasture and land in government diversion programs thatIwere pastured. However, cropland that was pastured after crops were har- vested was not to be included.^ ** Bank deposits, June 1986 ($1,000,000)^2* Bank deposits, percent change 1985-1986 June^^KSOURCE: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Data Book, Operating Banks and Branches, June 30, 1986.^^^HThese figures represent deposits in all insured and reporting noninsuredKcommercial and mutual savings banks in the United States. For all countiesIand other geographic areas, individual banking offices - not the combinedJtotals of the banks - are the source of the data. Banking offices includeHall offices that actually hold deposits and exclude consumer installmentKloan offices, computer centers, and other nondeposit installations, such asKsome electronic funds transfer units. They also exclude "nondeposit" trust companies.^ HDeposits include deposits of individuals, partnerships, and corporationsand all public funds.^ * Civilian labor force, 1986^3* Civilian labor force, percent change 1985-1986^** Unemployed civilian labor force, 1986^;* Percent of total civilian labor force unemployed, 1986^^JSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Unemployment For States and Local Areas, annual.^^^IThese estimates are the product of a federal-state cooperative program inJwhich state employment security agencies prepare labor force and unemploy-Dment estimates under concepts, definitions, and technical procedures/established by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.^ GThe national unemployment statistics published monthly by the Bureau ofJLabor Statistics are obtained from the Current Population Survey, a BureauGof the Census survey of households. The size of the Current PopulationKSurvey is sufficiently large to obtain reliable annual average unemploymentIestimates for all states and the District of Columbia. County estimates,Iwhich are controlled to the Current Population Survey-based state totals,Eare then derived through the use of statistics derived from the stateLunemployment insurance operations, as well as adjustments based on data fromDthe Current Population Survey, decennial census, and other sources.^ IUnemployment include all persons who did not work during the survey week,Emade specific efforts to find a job in the prior four weeks, and wereIavailable for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness).LPersons waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid offIand those waiting to report to a new job within the next 30 days are also"included in unemployment figures.^ FAn explanation of the technical procedures used to develop monthly andLannual local area labor force estimates appears monthly in the: "ExplanatoryANote" for state and area unemployment data in the Bureau of LaborJStatistics' periodical Employment and Earnings. Due to the limitations ofLthe estimation procedures, the estimates shown, especially on the county and:city level, are subject to potentially significant error.^ 4* Value of authorized construction, 1986 ($1,000)^C* Value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986 ($1,000)^H* Offices, % of value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986^K* Industrial, % of value of authorized nonresidential construction, 1986^F* Stores, percent of value of authorized nonres. construction, 1986^@* Value of authorized residential construction, 1986 ($1,000)^J* Value of authorized residential additions/alterations, 1986 (mil dol)^^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Housing Units Authorized by BuildingAPermits and Public Contracts (series C40); and unpublished data.^^^IValuation represents the cost of construction as recorded on the buildingFpermit. This figure usually excludes the cost of on-site and off-siteKdevelopment and improvements and the cost of heating, plumbing, electrical, and elevator installations.^ )* Serious crimes known to police, 1985^)* Violent crimes known to police, 1985^@* Serious crimes known to police per 100,000 population, 1985^^BSOURCE: U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, unpublished data.^^^IThrough the voluntary contribution of crime statistics by law enforcementLagencies across the United States, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) ProgramKprovides periodic assessments of the number and type of crime in the NationFas measured by offenses coming to the attention of the law enforcementGcommunity. The Committee on Uniform Crime Records of the InternationalGAssociation of Chiefs of Police initiated this voluntary national data-Kcollection effort in 1930. The UCR Program contributors compile and submitJtheir crime data in one of two ways: Either directly to the FBI or throughthe state UCR Programs.^ FSeven offenses, because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence,Gpervasiveness in all geographic areas of the country, and likelihood ofJbeing reported to police, were initially selected to serve as an index forGevaluating fluctuations in the volume and rate of crime. These crimes,Jknown jointly as the Crime Index, include the violent crimes of murder andKnon-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault;Land the property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.KBy congressional mandate, arson was added as the eighth Crime Index offense-in 1979. Totals shown do not include arson.^ GThe four violent crimes are categorized as follows: (1) Murder and non-Knegligent manslaughter, as defined in the UCR Program, is the willful (non-Hnegligent) killing of one human being by another. This offense excludesIdeaths caused by negligence, suicide, or accident; justifiable homicides;Gand attempts to murder or assaults to murder. (2) Forcible rape is theHcarnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Assaults orFattempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included;Lhowever, statutory rape and other sex offenses are excluded. (3) Robbery isJthe taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody,Ior control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violenceIand/or putting the victim in fear. (4) Aggravated assault is an unlawfulIattack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe orIaggravated bodily injury. This type of assault is usually accompanied byGthe use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodilyIharm. Attempts are included since an injury does not necessarily have toKresult when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used, which could and probablyHwould result in a serious personal injury if the crime were successfully completed.^ 4* Public school enrollment, 1986-1987 school year^#* Public school enrollment, 1980^J* % of persons 25 years and older with 12 years or more education, 1980^J* % of persons 25 years and older with 16 years or more education, 1980^$* Persons 25 years and over, 1980^K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and secondary education, 1982 (mil dol)^K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and sec. education per capita, `82 ($1)^ __________^^4* Public school enrollment, 1986-1987 school year^^BSOURCE: U.S. Center for Education Statistics, unpublished data;^^^GData for 1987 were obtained by the U.S. Center for Education StatisticsL(CES) from enrollment data supplied by the State Education Agencies for eachIof the 17,000 elementary and secondary agencies responsible for providingAeducation services to school-age residents of the United States.^ DCES requested two separate enrollment counts - resident students andIstudents instructed. The number of resident students is the count of allIstudents residing within the Agency's jurisdiction for whom the agency isLresponsible to provide and finance their educational programs; the number ofKstudents instructed is the count of all students who receive instruction inKschools under the direct control of the agency, regardless of the students'Iresidences. Due to differences in responses among the States, one or theKother measure is shown. Data for the following states are resident studentGcounts: Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Maryland, Montana,KNevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota,KUtah, Washington and West Virginia. Data for other states are for studentsJinstructed. In a few selected cases, where an agency was reported to haveJfew or no students instructed, but several thousand resident students, the@count of resident students was used in aggregating county data.^ HEnrollment figures are tabulated on the basis of the county in which theJsuperintendent's office is located, although some parts of a system may beJin other counties. Where a county has no superintendents' office, an X isshown.^ __________^^#* Public school enrollment, 1980^J* % of persons 25 years and older with 12 years or more education, 1980^J* % of persons 25 years and older with 16 years or more education, 1980^$* Persons 25 years and over, 1980^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing,Summary Tape File 3C.^^^FData for 1980 were obtained from a sample of the population as part of+the 1980 Census of Population and Housing.^ CFor 1980, persons three years old and over were classified as beingLenrolled in school if they attended a regular school any time since FebruaryG1, 1980. Public elementary and high school enrollment includes nurseryJschool, kindergarten (or an organized educational program before the firstKgrade), elementary school and schooling that leads to a high school diplomaI(including enrollment in a trade or business school, company training, orKtutoring if the course would be accepted for credit at a regular elementaryor high school).^ FData for educational attainment are shown for persons 25 years old andLover. The data were derived from two questions on the 1980 census question-Knaire, one identifying the highest grade attended in regular school and theLother asking whether the respondent finished that grade. Persons who passedHa high school equivalency examination were marked "12" under the highestKgrade completed (if they had not completed or were not enrolled in a higherHgrade). Schooling received in foreign schools was to be reported as theAequivalent grade or years in the regular American school system.^ __________^^K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and secondary education, 1982 (mil dol)^K* Local govt expend, elem. and secondary education per capita, 1982 ($1)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Governments, Governmental?Finances, Compendium of Government Finances (series GC82(4)5).^^^HExpenditures for education represent provision or support of schools andJother educational facilities and services. Local elementary and secondaryJexpenditure for education includes all expenditure of local school systemsDother than for interest, duplicative intergovernmental payments, and8retirement benefits paid to former education employees.^ IInstitutions of higher education include facilities and activities of allLeducational institutions beyond the high school level. Expenditures includeJgross amounts for auxiliary activities, such as dormitories, dining halls,Jand bookstores operated by public institutions of higher education. Agri-Jcultural experiment stations, agricultural extension services, and univer-Csity operated hospitals serving the public are included elsewhere.^ .* Elections - vote cast for President, 1984^>* Elections - percent of votes cast for leading party, 1984^ * Votes cast for President^^JSOURCE: Elections Research Center, America Votes, Copyrighted Material.^All rights reserved.^^JData presented in this table may differ somewhat from the official figuresHissued by the Clerk of the House of Representatives in Statistics of theIPresidential and Congressional Elections due to revisions made to some ofJthe data by state sources subsequent to submission to Congress. The Elec-Htions Research Center receives data from the states after such revisionsDare made. Write-in votes are not available in all cases by county.^ IThe percent of the vote cast for the leading party represents the percentDof the total vote cast for that party with a majority or plurality.^ ** Private non-farm establishments, 1985^:* Private non-farm establishments, net change 1984-1985^>* Total employment in private non-farm establishments, 1985^D* Employment in private non-farm estabs, percent change 1984-1985^&* Employment in manufacturing, 1985^%* Employment in retail trade, 1985^<* Employment in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, 1985^!* Employment in services, 1985^>* Private non-farm estabs annual payroll, 1985 ($1,000,000)^L* Private non-farm estabs, average annual payroll per employee, 1985 ($1)^^ESOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns, 1985.^^^GThese figures were obtained from surveys conducted by the Bureau of theICensus and administrative records from the Internal Revenue Service. ForLyears other than economic census years (years ending in 2 and 7), the AnnualLCompany Organization Survey provides individual establishment data for largeKmulti-location firms and a selected sample of smaller multi-location firms.FThe Annual Company Organization Survey provides establishment data forKmultinational firms not included in the censuses. Data for single-locationGfirms are obtained from other annual Census Bureau programs such as theJAnnual Survey of Manufacturers, the Annual Retail Trade Survey, the AnnualJWholesale Trade Survey, and administrative records of the Internal Revenue Service.^ CAn establishment is a single physical location at which business isJconducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. It isKnot necessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ FIndustry classifications for 1985 are based on the 1972 edition of theHStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual and its 1977 supplement.LData are also presented for finance, insurance, and real estate. StatisticsHfor the following types of employment covered in whole or in part by theKSocial Security program are excluded from the basic tabulations: governmentLemployees, self-employed persons, agricultural workers, and domestic serviceJworkers. Railroad employment jointly covered by Social Security and rail-Jroad retirement programs, employment on oceanborne vessels, and employment(in foreign countries also are excluded.^ HEstablishment data are based on a determination of active status anytimeKduring the year. Locations for both single and multi-location firms deter-Fmined to be active anytime during the year (presence of payroll in any*quarter) are counted as an establishment.^ GAnnual payroll is the combined amount of wages paid, tips reported, andEother compensation, including salaries, vacation allowances, bonuses,Gcommissions, sick leave pay, and the value of payments in kind (such asFfree meals and lodging) paid to employees before deductions for SocialLSecurity, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. All forms of compensationGare included, whether or not subject to income tax or federal InsuranceHContributions Act tax, with the exception of annuities, third-party sickLpay, and supplemental unemployment compensation benefits (even if income taxLwas withheld). For corporations, total annual payroll includes compensationKpaid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does notEinclude profit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. ForJsingle-establishment firms, annual payroll is the sum of the four quartersDof total compensation. Estimating techniques based on the reportingGpatterns of eight quarters of administrative payroll are used to obtainHpayroll for those single-establishment firms' employers determined to benonrespondents.^ %* Farm earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^3* Farm earnings, percent of total earnings, 1984^%* Farm earnings, 1983 ($1,000,000)^%* Farm earnings, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Local Area Personal Income,Volume 1-9, 1979 - 1984.^^^HFarm earnings include the income of farm workers (wages and salaries andLother labor income) and farm proprietors. Farm proprietors' income includesHonly the income of sole proprietorships and partnerships. Therefore, anEadjustment is made to exclude the net farm income of corporate farms,7including the salaries of officers of corporate farms.^ EFarm earnings estimates are benchmarked to data collected in the 1982JCensus of Agriculture and the revised U.S. Department of Agriculture state$totals of income and expense items.^ @* Average value of land and buildings per farm, 1982 ($1,000)^<* Average value of land and buildings per acre, 1982 ($1)^3* Value of farm products sold, 1982 ($1,000,000)^7* Average value of products sold per farm, 1982 ($1)^:* Value of farm products sold, percent from crops, 1982^J* Value of farm products sold, percent from livestock and poultry, 1982^9* Percent of farms with sales of $10,000 or more, 1982^:* Percent of farms with sales of $100,000 or more, 1982^^JSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Agriculture, State and County Data (series AC82-A).^^^ERespondents were asked to report their estimate of the current marketLvalue of land and buildings owned, rented, or leased from others, and rentedIor leased to others. Market value refers to the respondent's estimate ofKwhat the land and buildings would sell for under current market conditions.LIf the value of land and buildings was not reported, it was estimated duringJprocessing by using the average value of land and buildings from a similar"farm in the same geographic area.^ EThe value of products sold by farms represents the gross market valueIbefore taxes and production expenses of all agricultural products sold orJremoved from the place in 1982 regardless of who received the payment. ItJincludes sales by the operator as well as the value of any shares receivedJby partners, landlords, contractors, and others associated with the opera-Ktion. In addition, it includes the loan value received in 1982 for placingKcommodities in the Commodity Credit Corporation loan program. The value ofKagricultural products sold was collected from all operators. If the opera-Ktor failed to report, estimates were made based on the amount of crops har-Lvested or the number of livestock or poultry sold. Extensive estimation wasCrequired for operators growing crops and livestock under contract.^ HThe value of crops sold in 1982 does not necessarily represent the salesLfrom crops harvested in 1982. Data may include sales from crops produced inIearlier years and exclude some crops produced in 1982 but held in storageJand not sold in 1982. For commodities, such as sugar beets and wool, soldJthrough a co-op that made payments in several installments, only the totalIvalue received in 1982 was to be reported. Livestock and poultry includedairy products.^ EThe source reports give counts of farms by value of sales for variousLsales-size groups in addition to those presented, including farms with salesunder $2,500.^ D* Federal funds and grants, total expenditures, 1986 ($1,000,000)^J* Federal funds and grants, total expenditures percent change 1985-1986^8* Federal funds and grants per capita, 1986 (dollars)^I* Federal funds, direct payments for individuals per capita, 1986 ($1)^E* Federal funds, procurement contract awards per capita, 1986 ($1)^<* Federal funds, salaries and wages per capita, 1986 ($1)^/* Federal grant awards per capita, 1986 ($1)^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Consolidated Federal Funds Report,:Fiscal Year 1986, and 1985, Vol. 1, County Areas, Annual.^^^HData on federal expenditures and obligations were obtained from a reportLprepared in accordance with the Consolidated Federal Funds Report (CCFR) ActJof 1982 (P.L.97-326), which specified that the following reporting systemsJand agencies be used as data sources: Federal Assistance Award Data SystemH(FAADS), Federal Procurement Data System, Office of Personnel ManagementL(OPM), and Department of Defense (DOD). In addition, several other agenciesJwere requested to provide data, usually for selected programs. The reportAreflects federal government expenditures by state and territory.^ IMost data covering direct payments for individuals were taken from infor-Jmation reported to the FAADS. The two object areas of direct payments forJindividuals are (1) direct payments for retirement and disability benefitsFand (2) all other direct payments for individuals. All data representKactual expenditures during the fiscal years. For details, see the source.^ IStatistics covering procurement were provided by the United States PostalIService (USPS) for Postal Service procurement and the Federal ProcurementIData Center (FPDC) for procurement actions of all other federal agencies,Iincluding DOD. Amounts provided by the USPS represent actual outlays forHcontractual commitments while amounts provided by the FPDC represent theKvalue of obligations for contract actions and do not reflect actual federalLgovernment expenditures. In general, only current-year contract actions areJreported for data provided by the FPDC; however, multiple-year obligationsImay be reported for contract actions of less than three years' duration.^ HAmounts reported for salaries and wages were obtained from the OPM, DOD,Kand USPS. The DOD provided information on military payrolls; data coveringJcivilian employees of DOD were obtained from OPM. Amounts reported by theIDOD represent estimates of fiscal year outlays by state and county. DataJfor Postal Service employees were provided by the USPS and were based uponHplace of employment (postal facility). Amounts represent actual outlaysHduring the fiscal year but with the national total distributed among theJstates and counties on an estimated basis. Data on salaries and wages forKall other federal government employees (except for employees of the CentralHIntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency) were obtained fromGOPM. National totals represent actual expenditures during fiscal yearsKshown; the geographic distribution of these amounts by state and county was*estimated based upon place of employment.^ HThe principal source of grants data was the information submitted to theIFAADS. The Bureau of the Census is the Executive Agent for the Office ofGManagement and Budget and is responsible for the operation of the FAADSDreporting systems. The FAADS data represent the federal obligationsGincurred at the time the grant is awarded. The amounts reported do notFrepresent actual expenditures since obligations in one time period mayIresult in outlays during the same time period. Moreover, initial amountsIobligated may be adjusted at a later date, either through enhancements orLde-obligations. The data were derived by summing the quarterly reports thatKcovered financial assistance awarded between October 1, 1982, and SeptemberK30, 1983. All grant awards were reported by state, county, and city of theKinitial recipient. For many grants, this recipient is the state governmentDeven though the grant monies are subsequently distributed to county,Jmunicipal, or township governments. These "pass-through" grants generallyLappear in the CFFR at the state capital city (and in the associated county).KNo attempt is made in the CFFR to assign the dollar amounts for these pass-<through programs to locations other than the state capital.^ .* Local government employment, October 1982^<* Local government employment per 10,000 population, 1982^1* Federal government civilian employment, 1984^C* Federal government civilian employment earnings, 1984 ($1,000)^ __________^^.* Local government employment, October 1982^<* Local government employment per 10,000 population, 1982^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Governments, PublicAEmployment, Compendium of Public Employment (series GC82-(3)-2).^^^BFigures for local government employment are shown for the month ofOctober 1982.^ KEmployment, as used in this report, refers to all persons gainfully employ-Ked by and performing services for a government. Employees include all per-Fsons paid for personal services performed, including persons paid fromIfederally funded programs paid elected officials, persons in a paid leaveLstatus, and persons paid on a "per meeting", annual, semiannual, or quarter-Kly basis. Unpaid officials, pensioners, persons whose work is performed on@a free basis, and contractors and their employees are excluded.^ __________^^1* Federal government civilian employment, 1984^^>SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, unpublished data.^^^C* Federal government civilian employment earnings, 1984 ($1,000)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Local Area Personal Income, 1979-1984.^^^CThe estimates for number of employees are a companion series to theFpersonal income estimates. They are constructed from similar sources,Lprimarily the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program, usingLthe same concepts and definitions. The employment estimates are the averageKof 12 monthly observations of the number of full-time and part-time employ-3ees. They are not published by the source agency.^ K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and secondary education, 1982 (mil dol)^K* Local govt expend, elem. and secondary education per capita, 1982 ($1)^=* Local government general revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^G* Local government intergovernmental revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^K* Local govt intergovernmental revenue, percent from state govt, 1981-82^3* Local government taxes, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^6* Local government taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^?* Local government property taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^C* Local govt direct general expenditures, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^K* Local government direct general expenditures, percent change 1977-1982^F* Local govt direct general expenditures, per capita 1981-1982 ($1)^J* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for education 1981-82^J* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, % for health and hospitals 81-82^N* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, percent for police protection '81-82^N* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, percent for public welfare 1981-1982^K* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for highways 1981-1982^>* Local government debt outstanding, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^A* Local government debt outstanding per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^ __________^^K* Local govt expenditures, elem. and secondary education, 1982 (mil dol)^K* Local govt expend, elem. and secondary education per capita, 1982 ($1)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Governments, Governmental?Finances, Compendium of Government Finances (series GC82(4)5).^^^HExpenditures for education represent provision or support of schools andJother educational facilities and services. Local elementary and secondaryJexpenditure for education includes all expenditure of local school systemsDother than for interest, duplicative intergovernmental payments, and8retirement benefits paid to former education employees.^ IInstitutions of higher education include facilities and activities of allLeducational institutions beyond the high school level. Expenditures includeJgross amounts for auxiliary activities, such as dormitories, dining halls,Jand bookstores operated by public institutions of higher education. Agri-Jcultural experiment stations, agricultural extension services, and univer-Csity operated hospitals serving the public are included elsewhere.^ __________^^=* Local government general revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^G* Local government intergovernmental revenue, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^K* Local govt intergovernmental revenue, percent from state govt, 1981-82^3* Local government taxes, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^6* Local government taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^?* Local government property taxes per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^C* Local govt direct general expenditures, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^K* Local government direct general expenditures, percent change 1977-1982^F* Local govt direct general expenditures, per capita 1981-1982 ($1)^J* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for education 1981-82^J* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, % for health and hospitals 81-82^N* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, percent for police protection '81-82^N* Local govt direct gen. expenditures, percent for public welfare 1981-1982^K* Local govt direct general expenditures, percent for highways 1981-1982^>* Local government debt outstanding, 1981-1982 ($1,000,000)^A* Local government debt outstanding per capita, 1981-1982 ($1)^^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1977 and 1982 Census of Governments,JGovernmental Finances, Compendium of Government Finances (series GC77(4)-5and GC82(4)-5).^^^GRevenue and expenditure items include all amounts of money received andKpaid out, respectively, by a government and its agencies (net of correctingJtransactions such as recoveries of refunds), with the exception of amountsIfor debt issuance and retirement and for loan and investment, agency, andprivate transactions.^ HPayments among the various funds and agencies of a particular governmentHare excluded from revenue and expenditure items as representing internalLtransfers. Therefore, a government's contribution to a retirement fund thatHit administers is not counted as expenditure, nor is the receipt of this8contribution by the retirement fund counted as revenue.^ IGovernment expenditure for capital outlay is commonly financed by borrow-Ging, but governmental revenue does not include receipts from borrowing.GThis, among other things, means that the relationship between totals ofIrevenue and expenditure, as shown in this publication, should not be con-?sidered a direct measure of the degree of budgetary "balance".^ ETotal general revenue includes all government revenue except utility,Iliquor stores, and employee-retirement and other insurance trust revenue.JThe basis for distinction is not the fund of administrative unit receivingJparticular amounts but rather the nature of the revenue sources concerned.GAll tax collections and inter-governmental revenue are included even ifJdesignated for employee-retirement or local utility purposes. However, toKavoid duplication, revenue figures are net of reported transactions betweenlocal governments.^ HIntergovernmental revenue covers amounts received from other governmentsAas fiscal aid in the form of shared revenues and grants in aid asKreimbursements for performance of general government functions and specificIservices for the paying government, or in lieu of taxes. It excludes anyJamounts received from other governments for sale of property, commodities,Eand utility services. All intergovernmental revenue is classified asgeneral revenue.^ DTaxes consist of compulsory contributions exacted by governments forLpublic purposes, except employee and employer assessments for retirement andKsocial insurance purposes, which are classified as insurance trust revenue,Hand special assessments, which are classified as nontax general revenue.FAll tax revenue is classified as general revenue and comprises amountsJreceived (including interest and penalties but excluding protested amountsEand refunds) from all taxes imposed by a government. Note that localKgovernment tax revenue excludes any amount from shares of state-imposed andLcollected taxes, which are classified as intergovernmental revenue. Proper-Kty taxes are taxes conditioned on ownership of property and measured by itsKvalue. They include general property taxes related to property as a whole,Lreal and personal, tangible or intangible, whether taxed at a single rate orKat classified rates, and taxes on selected types of property, such as motorGvehicle or certain or all intangibles. Sales and gross receipts taxes,Iincluding "licenses" at more than nominal rates, are based upon volume orKvalue of transfers of goods or services, upon gross receipts, or upon grossIincome; and related taxes based upon use, storage, production (other thanFseverance of natural resources), importation, or consumption of goods.HSales and gross receipts taxes exclude dealer discounts or "commissions"Kallowed to merchants for collection of taxes from consumers. General salesGtaxes and selected taxes on sales of particular items such as alcoholic:beverages or tobacco products, for example, are included.^ JDirect general expenditure comprises all expenditures of the local govern-Iments, excluding utility, liquor stores, and insurance trust expenditures$and any intergovernmental payments.^ G Health and hospital data cover outpatient health services, includingHpublic health administration, research and education, categorical healthKprograms, treatment and immunization clinics, nursing, environmental healthIactivities such as air and water pollution, ambulance service if providedHseparately from fire protection service, and other general public healthJactivities such as mosquito abatement; financing, construction, and opera-Ition of nursing homes; school health services provided by health agenciesL(rather than school agencies); and financing, construction, acquisition, andLmaintenance or operation of hospital facilities, provision of hospital care,,and support of public or private hospitals.^ HPolice protection expenditure provides for preservation of law and orderJand traffic safety. It includes police patrols and communications, crime-Gprevention activities, detention and custody of persons awaiting trial,*traffic safety, and vehicular inspection.^ DPublic welfare expenditure covers support of and assistance to needyGpersons contingent upon their needs. Included are cash assistance paidGdirectly to needy persons under categorical (Old Age Assistance, Aid toLFamilies with Dependent Children, Aid to the Blind, and Aid to the Disabled)Land other welfare programs; vendor payments made directly to private purvey-Jors for medical care, burials, and other commodities and services providedKunder welfare programs; welfare institutions; payments to other governmentsHfor welfare purposes; amounts for administration; and support of private4welfare agencies and other public welfare services.^ HExpenditure for highways covers construction, maintenance, and operationFof highways, streets, and related structures, including toll highways,Fbridges, tunnels, ferries, street lighting, and snow and ice removal.^ GDebt outstanding includes all long-term debt obligations of the govern-Jment and its agencies (exclusive of utility debt) and all interest-bearingGshort-term (i.e., repayable within one year) debt obligations remainingJunpaid at the close of the fiscal year. It includes judgments, mortgages,Land revenue bonds, as well as general obligation bonds, notes, and interest-Jbearing warrants. It excludes noninterest-bearing short-term obligations,Jinterfund obligations amounts owed in a trust or agency capacity, advancesIand contingent loans from other governments, and rights of individuals toAbenefits from government-administered employee-retirement funds.^ +* Physicians (active, non-federal), 1985^B* Physicians (active, non-federal) per 100,000 population, 1985^* Hospitals, 1985^* Hospital beds, 1985^/* Hospital beds per 100,000 population, 1985^* Nursing homes, 1986^ * Nursing home beds, 1986^ __________^^+* Physicians (active, non-federal), 1985^B* Physicians (active, non-federal) per 100,000 population, 1985^^KSOURCE: American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, Physician Characteris-Ktics and Distribution in the United States, 1986 edition. (Copyright, 1986.All rights reserved.)^^^CThe number of physicians represents the distribution of non-federalKphysicians with known addresses who are professionally active in the UnitedGStates. The figures are based on information contained in the AmericanLMedical Association's Physician Masterfile. The file has been maintained byGthe American Medical Association since 1906 and includes information onIevery physician in the country and on those graduates of American medicalJschools who are in the United States and meet the U.S. education standardsKfor primary recognition as physicians. Thus, all physicians comprising the.total manpower pool are included on the file.^ HMasterfile data are obtained from both American Medical Association sur-Lveys and inputs from physicians, other organizations and institutions. Pri-Kmary sources are as follows: Medical schools, hospitals, medical societies,Enational boards, state licensing agencies, Educational Commission forKForeign Medical Graduates, Surgeon General of the U.S. Government, AmericanJBoard of Medical Specialties, and physicians. The file utilizes data from4primary sources only. For details, see the source.^ GAlaska is divided into four judicial divisions; therefore, data are not@available for Alaska in the form presented in this publication.^ __________^^* Hospitals, 1985^* Hospital beds, 1985^/* Hospital beds per 100,000 population, 1985^^JSOURCE: American Hospital Association, Chicago, IL, Hospital Statistics,*1986, and unpublished data. (Copyright.)^^^HThese statistics were compiled by the American Hospital Association fromKsurveys of all hospitals in the United States and its outlying areas. TheyLinclude nonregistered hospitals, as well as those registered by the AmericanJHospital Association. Hospitals were asked to report data for a full yearGending September 30, 1985. A hospital is defined as a facility with atEleast six beds that is licensed by the state as a hospital or that isHoperated as a hospital by a federal or state agency and is therefore notKsubject to state and local licensing laws. The data cover hospitals of allLtypes and are fairly complete for general, tuberculosis, mental, and federalHgovernment hospitals. Institutions and services commonly referred to asKconvalescent and rest homes, nursing homes, infirmaries, old-age homes, and*sanatoriums are excluded almost entirely.^ EHospital beds comprise beds, cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularlyJmaintained (set up and staffed for use) for inpatients during the 12-month0period. They exclude newborn infant bassinets.^ BRate represents the number of beds per 100,000 resident population estimated as of July 1, 1986.^ __________^^* Nursing homes, 1986^ * Nursing home beds, 1986^^HSOURCE: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, unpublished data.^^^IThese items cover nursing homes as defined in the 1986 Inventory of Long-JTerm Care Places (ILTCP). The broad categories of facilities in ILTCP areLnursing homes and facilities for the mentally retarded. Data presented hereGinclude hospital-based nursing homes and are preliminary. They exclude*nursing homes with fewer than three beds.^ FThe minimum standards and regulations for nursing homes vary among the+states; no uniform definition is possible.^ HFor details concerning the ILTCP, see "Nursing and Related Care Homes asHReported from the 1986 Inventory of Long-Term Care Places", advance data+from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 147.^ * Households, 1985^)* Households, percent change 1980-1985^ * Persons per household, 1985^^NSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, items A26-28: Current Population Reports,P23, No. 156^^^* Households, 1980^K* Percent of households with female householder, no spouse present, 1980^J* One-person householder, living alone, percent of all households, 1980^^GSOURCE: 1980 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1C.^^^GEstimates of households and persons per household for counties for JulyI1, 1985 were prepared under a contract from the Department of Housing andHUrban Development and are consistent in concept with data on these itemsGfrom the 1980 census. The method used to estimate county households isJdescribed in the source note above and assumes generally that the trend inLthe average adult population per household in a county is the same as in itsKstate. For methodology used to estimate households for states, see CurrentJPopulation Reports, Series P-25, No. 1010, "State Population and Household>Estimates, with Age, Sex, and Components of Change: 1981-86".^ IData for total households include all persons occupying housing units. AIhousing unit is a house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single roomJoccupied as separate living quarters or, if vacant, intended for occupancyLas separate living quarters. The occupants may be a single family, one per-Json living alone, two or more families living together, or any other groupHof related or unrelated persons who share a household. The data excludeLpersons in group quarters, such as inmates of institutions, including homes,Kschools, hospitals, wards, orphanages, and correctional facilities; personsHin noninstitutional facilities such as rooming and boarding houses, com-Kmunes, workers' dormitories, convents or monasteries, living quarters occu-Lpied by nine or more persons unrelated to the person listed in column one ofKthe census questionnaire; and persons residing in certain other noninstitu-Itional group quarters regardless of the number or the relationship of theJpeople in the unit, such as military barracks, ships, college dormitories,Hsorority and fraternity houses, general and maternity wards of hospitalsK(for patients who have no usual residence elsewhere), missions, flophouses,KSalvation Army shelters, railroad stations, residences for staff members in institutional quarters, etc.^ CPersons per household represent the number of persons in householdsHdivided by the number of households or householders. A household with a2female family householder has no husband present.^ * Housing units, 1980^,* Housing units, percent change 1970-1980^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^J* Owner-occupied housing units, percent of occupied housing units, 1980^G* Occupied housing units, percent with two or more automobiles, 1980^** Occupied housing units (sample), 1980^<* Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^/* New private authorized housing units, 1986^4* New private authorized housing units, 1980-1986^I* New private authorized housing units, 1980-86, percent of 1980 stock^ __________^^* Housing units, 1980^,* Housing units, percent change 1970-1980^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^J* Owner-occupied housing units, percent of occupied housing units, 1980^G* Occupied housing units, percent with two or more automobiles, 1980^** Occupied housing units (sample), 1980^<* Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^^LSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing,^0Summary Tape File 1C, and Summary Tape File 3C.^^^LThese statistics are based on the 1980 Decennial Census of Housing, conduct-1ed by the Bureau of the Census on April 1, 1980.^ FA housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home or trailer, group ofGrooms, or single room occupied or, if vacant, intended for occupancy asJseparate living quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which theIoccupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure andJwhich have direct access from the outside of the building through a commonhall.^ IThe occupants of a housing unit may be a single family, one person livingEalone, or two or more families living together, or any other group ofJrelated or unrelated persons who share living arrangements (except personsL"living in group quarters"). For vacant units, the criteria of separatenessJand direct access are applied to the intended occupants whenever possible.GIf that information cannot be obtained, the criteria are applied to theKprevious occupants. Both occupied and vacant housing units are included inGthe housing inventory, except that recreational vehicles, tents, caves,Lboats, railroad cars, and the like are included only if they are occupied as$someone's usual place of residence.^ IData on housing characteristics in the 1980 census reports are limited toEyear-round housing units, i.e., all occupied houses plus vacant unitsIavailable or intended for year-round use. Vacant units held for seasonalJuse or migratory labor are excluded because of the difficulty in obtainingDreliable data on their characteristics. Counts of the total housingJinventory, however, are presented for each area shown in the publication.^ DA housing unit is classified as occupied if it is the usual place ofGresidence of the person or group of persons living in it at the time ofJenumeration or if the occupants are also temporarily absent, e.g., away onKvacation. A household consists of all persons who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence.^ HA housing unit is "owner occupied" if the owner or co-owner lives in theIunit, even if it is mortgaged or not fully paid for. All other units are classified as renter occupied.^ I"Occupied housing units, percent with two or more automobiles," refers toHtwo or more vehicles available at home for the use of the members of theIhousehold. This item includes passenger cars, pickup trucks, small panelHtrucks of 1-ton or less capacity, station wagons, company cars, taxicabsKkept at home for use of household members, cars rented or leased for one orJmore months, police and government cars kept at home, and company vans andItrucks of 1-ton or less capacity if kept at home and used for nonbusinessLpurposes. Dismantled or dilapidated cars, immobile cars used as a source ofHpower for some piece of machinery, and vans and trucks kept and home butJused only for business purposes are excluded. The data do not reflect theGnumber of privately owned households or the number of households owning
vehicles.^ IMedian value is the dollar amount that divides the distribution of owner-Joccupied housing units into two equal parts, one-half of the units fallingJbelow this value and the other half exceeding it. Value is defined as theKrespondent's estimate of what the house and lot would sell for if for sale.JIn this publication, statistics on value are presented for "specified non-Lcondominium owner-occupied" units (i.e., one-family houses one less than ten?acres and with no business or medical office on the property).^ __________^^/* New private authorized housing units, 1986^4* New private authorized housing units, 1980-1986^H* New private authorized housing units, 1980-86, percent of 1980 stock^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Housing Units Authorized by Building&Permits and Public Contracts, annual.^^^KThe data relate to new housing units intended for occupancy on a housekeep-King basis. They exclude mobile homes (trailers), hotels, motels, and groupLresidential structures, such as nursing homes and college dormitories. TheyGalso exclude conversions of and alterations to existing buildings. TheK17,000 permit-issuing places account for a major portion of new residentialGhousing units started in the United States. In 1986, 95 percent of allIprivately owned housing intended for housekeeping on a housekeeping basiswere constructed withinpermit-issuing places.^ LThe total units authorized for the 1980-1986 period result from the aggrega-Gtion of all units authorized using both the 16,000-permit-issuing-placeJuniverse for 1980 to 1983 and the 17,000-place universe for 1984 to 1986. KWhen these numbers are related to the housing stock in 1980, they provide aHgeneral indication of the amount of new housing stock that may have beenLadded to the housing inventory. Since not all permits become actual housingLstarts and starts lag the permit stage of construction, these numbers do notKrepresent total new construction, but should provide a general indicator on8construction activity and the local real estate market.^ '* Money income per capita, 1985 ($1)^4* Money income per capita, 1979 (current dollars)^:* Money income per capita, 1979 (constant 1985 dollars)^"* Median household income, 1979^1* Percent of persons below poverty level, 1979^>* Persons for whom poverty status has been determined, 1979^2* Percent of families below poverty level, 1979^ * Family households, 1980^'* Personal income, 1984 ($1,000,000)^.* Personal income, percent change 1980-1984^** Personal income per capita, 1984 ($1)^9* Personal income transfer payments, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings including farm earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings, percent in goods-related industries, 1984^H* Personal income earnings, percent in manufacturing industries, 1984^K* Personal income, percent in service-related and other industries, 1984^<* Personal income earnings, percent in retail trade, 1984^J* Personal income, percent in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, 1984^8* Personal income earnings, percent in services, 1984^:* Personal income earnings, percent in government, 1984^ __________^^'* Money income per capita, 1985 ($1)^4* Money income per capita, 1979 (current dollars)^:* Money income per capita, 1979 (constant 1985 dollars)^"* Median household income, 1979^1* Percent of persons below poverty level, 1979^>* Persons for whom poverty status has been determined, 1979^2* Percent of families below poverty level, 1979^ * Family households, 1980^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, SeriesIP-26, Nos. 86-NE-SC, 86-S-SC, 86-ENC-SC, 86-WNC-SC, and 86-W-SC; and 19808Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 3C.^^^ITotal money income is defined by the Bureau of the Census for statisticalHpurposes as the sum of the following: wage or salary income; net nonfarmLself-employment income, net farm self-employment income; Social Security andLrailroad retirement income; public assistance income; and all other regular-Hly received income such as interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pen-Gsions, unemployment compensation, and alimony. Receipts not counted asKincome include various "lump sum" payments such as capital gains or inheri-Itances. The total represents the amount of income received before deduc-Gtions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, unionIdues, Medicare deductions, etc. Receipts from the following sources wereLnot included as income: Money received from the sale of property (unless theJrecipient was engaged in the business of selling such property); the valueFof income "in kind" (such as free living quarters or food produced andGconsumed in the home); withdrawal of bank deposits; money borrowed; taxJrefunds; exchange of money between relatives living in the same household;!and gifts and lump-sum receipts.^ HPer capita income is based on resident population enumerated as of April>1, 1980, for 1979 and estimated as of July 1, 1986, for 1985.^ JThe constant-dollar figures are based on the annual average Consumer PriceHIndex from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Consumer Price Index forE1979 and 1985 were 217.4 and 322.2 with the base year being 1967=100,Krespectively. Constant-dollar figures are estimates representing an effortJto remove the effects of price changes from statistical series reported inKdollar terms. However, the estimates do not reflect the price and cost-of-1living differences that may exist between areas.^ HFamily and persons were classified as below poverty level if their totalFfamily income or unrelated individual income was less than the povertyKthreshold specified for the applicable family size, age of householder, andJnumber of related children under 18 present. Poverty status is determinedLfor all families (and, by implication, all family members). For persons notLin families, poverty status is determined by their income in relation to theFappropriate poverty threshold. Thus, two unrelated individuals livingHtogether may not have the same poverty status. Inmates of institutions,Ipersons in military group quarters and college dormitories, and unrelatedIindividuals under 15 years old are excluded. For details of how the data:were derived and limitations of the data, see the source.^ __________^^'* Personal income, 1984 ($1,000,000)^.* Personal income, percent change 1980-1984^** Personal income per capita, 1984 ($1)^9* Personal income transfer payments, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings including farm earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^H* Personal income earnings, percent in goods-related industries, 1984^H* Personal income earnings, percent in manufacturing industries, 1984^K* Personal income, percent in service-related and other industries, 1984^<* Personal income earnings, percent in retail trade, 1984^J* Personal income, percent in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate, 1984^8* Personal income earnings, percent in services, 1984^:* Personal income earnings, percent in government, 1984^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Local Area Personal Income,Vol. 1-9, 1979-1984.^^^GTotal personal income is the current income received by residents of anLarea from all sources. It is measured before deductions of income and otherGpersonal taxes but after deduction of personal contributions for SocialISecurity, government retirement, and other social insurance programs. ItJconsists of wage and salary disbursements (covering missions, payments-in-Lkind, incentive payments, and tips), various types of supplementary earningsKtermed "other labor income", proprietors' income, rental income of persons,Idividends, personal interest income, and government and business transfer
payments.^ IPer capita income is based on resident population estimated as of July 1,1984.^ ITransfer payments are income for which services are not currently render-Ded. They consist of both government and business transfer payments.KGovernment transfer payments include payments under the following programs:Jfederal old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance; unemploymentLinsurance; railroad and government retirement; federal and state government-Iinsured workers' compensation; veterans benefits, including veterans lifeLinsurance; food stamps; black lung; Supplemental Security Income; and Aid toJFamilies with Dependent Children. Government payments to nonprofit insti-Jtutions, other than for work under research and development contracts, areGalso included. The principal business transfers are corporate gifts to/nonprofit institutions and consumer bad debts.^ EEarnings cover wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, andJproprietors' income. Wage and salary income consists of monetary remuner-Hation of employees, including corporate officers; commissions, tips, andFbonuses; and receipts in-kind that represent income to the recipients.GRetroactive wages are counted when paid rather than when earned. OtherKlabor income includes employer contributions to private pension and welfareLfunds, employers' payments for privately administered workmen's compensationKinsurance, and directors' fees. Proprietors' income is the monetary incomeEand income in-kind of proprietorships and partnerships, including the9independent professions, and of tax-exempt cooperatives.^ JTotal goods and related industries include mining, construction, and manu-Ifacturing. Total service related and other industries cover agriculturalFservices, forestry, and fisheries; transportation, communications, andHpublic utilities; wholesale trade, retail trade; finance, insurance, and'real estate; services; and government.^^#* Land area, 1980 (square miles)^^LSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population, Characteris-Ktics of the Population, Number of Inhabitants (series PC80-1-A); and unpub-lished data.^^^HLand area includes dry land and land temporarily or partially covered byJwater, such as marshlands, swamps, and river floodplains. In addition, itIgenerally includes streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than one-Heighth of a statute mile in width, and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds lessHthan 40 acres in area; for Alaska, the corresponding values are one-halfmile and 640 acres.^ EData are shown in square miles. To derive area in square kilometers, multiply square miles by 2.59.^^.* Manufacturing earnings, 1984 ($1,000,000)^5* Manufacturing earnings, percent change 1983-1984^'* Manufacturing establishments, 1984^K* Manufacturing establishments, percent with 100 or more employees, 1982^.* Manufacturing employees, 1982 (thousands)^6* Manufacturing employees, percent change 1977-1982^4* Manufacturing annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^7* Manufacturing production workers, 1982 (thousands)^A* Manufacturing production workers work hours, 1982 (millions)^>* Manufacturing production workers wages, 1982 ($1,000,000)^9* Manufacturing wages per production worker, 1982 ($1)^2* Value added by manufacture, 1982 ($1,000,000)^8* Value of manufacturing shipments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^>* Manufacturers new capital expenditures, 1982 ($1,000,000)^ __________^^'* Manufacturing establishments, 1984^K* Manufacturing establishments, percent with 100 or more employees, 1982^^NSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Local Area Personal Income, 1984.^^^EEarnings cover wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, andKproprietors' income. Wage and salary income consists of monetary remunera-Gtion of employees, including corporate officers; commissions, tips, andFbonuses; and receipts in-kind that represent income to the recipients.GRetroactive wages are counted when paid rather than when earned. OtherKlabor income includes employer contributions to private pension and welfareLfunds, employers' payments for privately administered workmen's compensationKinsurance, and directors' fees. Proprietors' income is the monetary incomeEand income in-kind of proprietorships and partnerships, including the9independent professions, and of tax-exempt cooperatives.^ __________^^.* Manufacturing employees, 1982 (thousands)^6* Manufacturing employees, percent change 1977-1982^4* Manufacturing annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^7* Manufacturing production workers, 1982 (thousands)^A* Manufacturing production workers work hours, 1982 (millions)^>* Manufacturing production workers wages, 1982 ($1,000,000)^9* Manufacturing wages per production worker, 1982 ($1)^2* Value added by manufacture, 1982 ($1,000,000)^8* Value of manufacturing shipments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^>* Manufacturers new capital expenditures, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Manufacturers, Geographic!Area Statistics (series MC82-A).^^^FThe first census of manufacturers covered the year 1809. Between 1809Gand 1963, a census was conducted periodically. Beginning with the 1967Gcensus, Congress authorized the economic censuses to be taken at 5-year,intervals covering years ending in 2 and 7.^ CThe censuses of manufacturers for 1947 through 1982 cover operatingKmanufacturing establishments as defined in the 1972 and earlier editions ofKthe Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. This is the system ofFindustrial classification in government and private industry under theGguidance of the Office of Management and Budget. It provides data on aFdivision and industry code basis, according to the level of industrialKdetail. For example, manufacturing is a major industrial division. One ofIits major groups is Food and kindred products (code 20), which is dividedGinto industry groups, including Meat products (code 201). The industryGgroups are further divided into industries, such as meat packing plants(code 2011).^ GThe 1972 SIC Manual defines manufacturing as the mechanical or chemicalItransformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products. TheIassembly of component parts of products is also considered to be manufac-Fturing if the resulting product is neither a structure nor other fixedKimprovement. These activities are usually carried on in plants, factories,Hor mills that characteristically use power-driven machines and materialshandling equipment.^ IIn accordance with federal law governing census reports, no data are pub-Hlished that would disclose the operations of an individual establishmentIor business. However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-businessIclassification is not considered a disclosure, so this information may be1given even though other information is withheld.^ FThe 1977 and 1982 censuses were conducted under similar conditions andFprocedures, except for the following: Effective with the 1982 economicLcensuses, uniform instructions for reporting inventories were introduced forDall sector reports. Up to 1982, respondents were permitted to valueIinventories using any generally accepted accounting method, such as firstIin, first out FIFO; last in, first out (LIFO); and market--to name a few.HIn 1982, all respondents were requested to report inventories at cost orLmarket. LIFO users were asked first to report inventory values prior to theLLIFO adjustment and then to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value afterHadjustment for the reserve. The value added figures, which are computedJbased on inventory data, are not comparable to earlier data because of the"change in reporting instructions.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Ged or where services or industrial operations are performed. It is notGnecessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ IThe all employees number is the average number of production workers plusHthe number of other employees in mid-March. Included are all persons onIpaid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during the pay period.KExcluded are members of the Armed Forces and pensioners on the active rollsLbut not working during the period. Officers of corporations are included asJemployees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are excluded.^ IPayroll figures include the gross annual earnings of all employees on theLpayroll of operating manufacturing establishments. The definition, which isIthe same as the one used for calculating the federal withholding tax, in-Gcludes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions,Jdismissal pay, all bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation-Gin-kind, prior to such deductions as employees' Social Security contri-Kbutions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.DThe total includes salaries of officers of corporations but excludesEpayments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. AlsoFexcluded are payments to members of the Armed Forces and to pensioners?carried on the active payroll of manufacturing establishments.^ IProduction workers include workers (up through the line-supervisor level)Fengaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving,Gstoring, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering),Hmaintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development,Dauxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordDkeeping, and other services closely associated with these productionHoperations. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded.^ GThe number of production workers is the average for the payroll periodsHincluding the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Not included inIthis classification are all the other employees, defined as nonproductionIemployees, including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level.^ KProduction-work hours covers hours worked or paid for at the plant, includ-Iing actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). The dataFexclude hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave. Production=wages represent all compensation paid to production workers.^ KValue added by manufacture is derived by subtracting the cost of materials,Isupplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work fromHthe value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for servicesIrendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition ofIvalue added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between theIsales value and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture,Jprocessing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work in;process between the beginning-and end-of-year inventories.^ HValue of shipments covers the received or receivable net selling values,Dfree on board plant (exclusive of freight charges and taxes), of allFproducts shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as miscellaneousJreceipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others, instal-Jlation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products bought and resoldFwithout further processing. Included are all items made by or for theFestablishment from materials owned by it, whether sold, transferred toKother plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The net sell-Jing value of products made in one plant on a contract basis from materialsKowned by another was reported by the plant providing the materials. In theJcase of multi-unit companies, the manufacturer was requested to report theLvalue of products transferred to other establishments of the same company atHfull economic or commercial value, including not only the direct cost ofKproduction but also a reasonable proportion of "all other costs" (including company overhead) and profit.^ HNew capital expenditures are also covered in the census. For establish-Hments under construction but not yet in operation in 1982, manufacturersKwere asked to report their new expenditures for (1) permanent additions andKmajor alterations to manufacturing establishments and (2) new machinery andKequipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they wereLof the type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained. TheLtotals for new expenditures exclude that portion of expenditures leased fromInonmanufacturing concerns, new facilities owned by the federal governmentIbut operated under contract by private companies, and plant and equipmentIfurnished to the manufacturer by communities and nonprofit organizations.EAlso excluded are expenditures for used plant and equipment (althoughKreported in the census), expenditures for land, and cost of maintenance and/repairs charged as current operating expenses.^^* Population, 1986^%* Population per square mile, 1986^!* Population, 1980 (corrected)^!* Population change, 1980-1986^)* Population percent change, 1980-1986^* Births, 1980-1986^* Deaths, 1980-1986^ * Net migration, 1980-1986^^HSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1986 Population Estimates by County/with Components of Change, computer tape file.^^^KThe population estimates contained in this report were developed by averag-Jing the results of two methods, both of which use current data to estimate$population change since April 1980.^ JThe Census Bureau's Composite method estimates two age segments--the popu-Hlation under 15 years of age and the household population 15 to 64 yearsIof age. The under-15 age group is obtained by using vital statistics andJschool enrollment to estimate migration in a component procedure. For theLhousehold population 15 to 64 years old, the method employs a Ratio-Correla-Etion technique in which a multiple correlation estimating equation isIapplied to the changes in three independent variables (federal income taxIreturns, school enrollment, and housing units) to estimate changes in the population.^ IThe second method (the Administrative Records method) is a component pro-Icedure that estimated the household population under 65 years of age. InLthis method, net internal migration is estimated using individual income taxKreturns, immigration from abroad is developed from immigration reports, andDreported vital statistics are used to account for natural increase.^ HThe population 65 years and over and the group quarters population underL65 years old are added to the under-65 household population from each of the4methods, resulting in total residential population.^ HAt the state level, the Composite method has no component for emigrationIor immigration. The Composite method is affected only to the extent thatIthe state estimate is prorated to a national estimate that contains theserevised components.^ GThe State Administrative Records estimate, although it is also proratedIto the same national control, does have a net immigration component. TheKnet effect on the state estimates was to add about 38,000 persons a year toJCalifornia, 12,000 a year to Texas, 5,000 a year to Illinois and New York,Iand 3,000 a year to Florida. No other state was affected significantly.^ GPopulation estimates and projections are published in the P-25 and P-26Jseries of Current Population Reports. These estimates and projections areFgenerally consistent with official decennial census figures and do not:reflect the amount of estimated census under-enumeration.^ KNational population estimates are derived by using decennial data as bench-Kmarks and data available from various agencies as follows: Birth and deathsD(National Center for Health Statistics); immigrants (Immigration andKNaturalization Service); Armed Forces (Department of Defense and DepartmentEof Transportation); and federal employees abroad (Office of PersonnelHManagement and Department of Defense). Estimates for states and smallerKareas are based on data series such as births and deaths, school statisticsEfrom state departments of education and parochial school systems, andLfederal income tax returns. These estimates contain estimated emigration ofK160,000 per year since 1980 and net undocumented immigration of 200,000 perGyear. Prior to this, the time series had no allowance for undocumentedHimmigration and an allowance of only 36,000 for emigration. For furtherGinformation, see "Current Population Reports" (series P-25, No. 1000).^ IData on total persons for 1986 are based on resident population estimatedas of July 1, 1986.^ EFigures on total persons for 1980 are based on a 100 percent count of$the population as of April 1, 1980.^ GNatural increase represents the difference between the number of birthsLand deaths in a particular area. Estimates of natural increase are based onGreported vital statistics (birth certificates and death certificates).^ LNet migration represents the difference between the number of persons movingKinto a particular area and the number of persons moving away from the area.JA positive figure indicates net immigration to the area; a negative figure(indicates net emigration from the area.^^#* Percent White population, 1984^(* Percent Black and other races, 1984^ * Males per 100 females, 1984^5* Percent American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut, 1980^-* Percent Asian and Pacific Islander, 1980^* Percent Hispanic, 1980^* Population, 1980^ __________^^#* Percent White population, 1984^(* Percent Black and other races, 1984^ * Males per 100 females, 1984^^HSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, County Population Estimates (experimen-9tal) by Age, Sex, Race: 1980 - 1984, computer tape file.^^^GPopulation by race are based on modified OMB consistent race estimates.GFor further explanation of modification see Current Population Reports,Series P-25, No. 917.^ __________^^5* Percent American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut, 1980^-* Percent Asian and Pacific Islander, 1980^* Percent Hispanic, 1980^* Population, 1980^^BSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 1C.^^^FThe American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut population includes persons whoIindicated their race as American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; also, personsJwho did not indicated a specific race category but reported the name of anKIndian tribe or such entries as Canadian Indian, French American Indian, orJSpanish American Indian were classified as American Indian. The Asian andHPacific Islander population includes persons who indicated their race asHChinese, Filipino, Japanese, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, Hawaiian,JSamoan, or Guamanian. Persons who did not report themselves in one of theHspecific race categories but reported a write-in entry indicating one ofKthese categories were classified accordingly. For example, entries of Nip-Dponese and Japanese American were classified as Japanese; entries of*Taiwanese and Cantonese, as Chinese, etc.^ GFigures for the Hispanic population are based on a complete-count ques-Jtion that asked respondents to identify whether they were of Hispanic ori-Kgin or descent. Persons indicating any one of the four Hispanic categoriesH(i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Hispanic) are collectivelyGreferred to as "persons of Hispanic origin". If, when interviewed, theHperson reported a multiple origin and could not provide a single origin,Ithe origin of the person's mother was used. If a single response was notIprovided for the person's mother, the first reported origin of the personJwas used. Hispanic origin is not a race category, and persons of Hispanicorigin may be of any race.^^&* Retail trade establishments, 1982^** Retail trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^1* Retail trade sales, percent change 1977-1982^-* Retail trade sales per capita, 1982 ($1)^3* Retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^D* Total sales of retail trade estabs with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^D* Sales of general merchandise group stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^/* Sales of food stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^@* Sales of apparel and accessory stores per capita, 1982 ($1)^>* Sales of eating and drinking places per capita, 1982 ($1)^E* Paid employees of retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^G* Annual payroll of retail trade estabs with payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^^FSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Retail Trade, Geo-)graphic Area Statistics (series RC82-A).^^^FThe 1982 Census of Retail Trade covered retail trade as defined in theI1972 SIC Manual, major groups 52 through 59). It included all establish-Hments primarily engaged in selling merchandise for personal or householdHconsumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of goods. TheKcensus excluded governmental organizations classified in the covered indus-Gtries except for liquor stores operated by state and local governments.GData for direct sellers with no paid employees and post exchanges, shipLstores, and similar establishments operated on military posts by agencies ofKthe federal government are not included. Establishments that are auxiliaryG(primary function is providing a service, such as warehouses) to retail>establishments within the same organization are not included.^ GThe 1977 and 1982 Censuses of Retail Trade were conducted under similarKconditions and procedures except for the following: (1) The boundaries of aLnumber of areas for which data are shown in the 1982 census are not the sameLas in the 1977 census because of annexations, other boundary changes, redef-Einitions of metropolitan statistical areas, and changes in qualifyingHcriteria since 1977. (2) In 1977 and in prior censuses, data for leasedIdepartments were consolidated with the data for stores in which they wereElocated. In the 1982 census, each leased department was treated as aKseparate establishment and was classified according to the kind of businessLit conducted. (3) In 1977, the census included all retail nonemployer firmsKthat reported a sales volume of $2,500 or more, plus firms in operation forLless than the full year that reported sales which, if projected to an annualIbasis, would have reached a total of $2,500 or more. In the 1982 census,Lnonemployer firms are included if, on an annual basis, they reported a salesKvolume of at least $1,000. Had the 1982 criterion been applied in the 1977HCensus of Retail Trade, and additional 62,000 nonemployers with sales of)$120.6 million would have been included.^ FFor the 1982 Census of Retail Trade, large-and medium size firms, plusJall firms known to operate more than one establishment, were not question-Inaires to be completed and returned to the Bureau by mail. For most veryGsmall firms, including those with no paid employees, data form existingHadministrative records of other federal agencies were used instead. ForK1982, combined data for all establishments are presented only at the retailItrade total level for all geographic areas. These data could not be pub-Jlished by kind of business because many nonemployer firms were miscoded byFthe Internal Revenue Service into miscellaneous categories rather thanspecific kind of business.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Ged or where services or industrial operations are performed. It is notGnecessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ FFor cases where a census report was received, separate information wasGobtained for each location where business was conducted. When adminis-Gtrative records of other federal agencies were used instead of a censusIreport, no information was available on the number of locations operated.LEach census report was tabulated according to the physical location at which the business was conducted.^ HWhen two or more activities were carried on at a single location under aLsingle ownership, all activities generally were grouped together as a singleKestablishment. The entire establishment was classified on the basis of itsImajor activity, and all data for it were included in that classification.LHowever, when distinct and separate economic activities (for which differentHindustry classification codes were appropriate) were conducted under theJsame ownership at a single location, and when conditions prescribed by theLSIC Manual for recognizing the existence of more than one establishment wereHmet, separate establishment reports for each of the different activities were obtained in the census.^ FSales figures represent sales of all establishments in business at anyGtime during 1982. Sales include merchandise sold for cash or credit atIretail and wholesale by establishments primarily engaged in retail trade;Kamounts received from customers for layaway purchases, receipts from rentalIor leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools, etc.; receipts forKdelivery, installation, maintenance, repair, alteration, storage, and otherHservices; and gasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes that areFpaid by the manufacturer or wholesaler and passed on to the retailer.^ ISales are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandiseGreturned by customers. Trade-in allowances are not deducted from totalJsales. Total sales do not include carrying or other credit charges; salesI(or other) taxes collected from customers and forwarded to taxing author-Jities; commissions from vending machine operators; and nonoperating incomeFfrom such sources as investments, rental or sale of real estate, etc.^ ESales do not include retail sales made by manufacturers, wholesalers,Kservice establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is otherthan retail trade.^ GEstablishments with payroll are those establishments that had some paidemployment during 1982.^ KEstablishments covered by the census were assigned kind-of-business classi-Lfications defined in the 1972 SIC Manual. In general, retail establishmentsDwere classified according to the principal lines of commodities soldG(groceries, hardware, etc.) or the usual trade designation (drug store,Jcigar store, etc.). Kind-of-business classifications are not interchange-Jable with commodity classifications; most businesses sell several kinds ofEcommodities. The kind-of-business code generally reflects either theIindividual commodity or the commodity group that is the primary source ofLthe establishment's business. Thus, the classification of establishments byLkind of business generally does not make it possible to determine either theHnumber of establishments handling a particular commodity or the sales ofthat commodity.^ IGeneral merchandise group stores, SIC 53, include retail stores that sellGa number of lines of merchandise, such as dry goods, apparel and acces-Hsories, furniture and home furnishings, small wares, hardware, and food.IThe stores included in this group are known as department stores, variety9stores, general merchandise stores, general stores, etc.^ IFood stores, SIC 54, are establishments primarily engaged in selling foodLfor home preparation and consumption. They include grocery stores; meat andKfish (seafood) markets; fruit stores and vegetable markets; candy, nut, andLconfectionery stores; dairy products stores; retail bakeries; and establish-Iments primarily engaged in the retail sale of specialized foods not else-Hwhere classified, such as eggs and poultry, health foods, spices, herbs,coffee, and tea.^ EApparel and accessory stores, SIC 56, include retail stores primarilyKengaged in selling clothing of all kinds and related materials for personalKwear and adornment. Not included are establishments that meet the criteriaFfor department stores or miscellaneous general merchandise stores evenFthough most of their receipts are from the sale of apparel and apparelFaccessories. They consist of men's and boy's clothing and furnishingsEstores; women's ready-to-wear stores; women's accessory and specialtyKstores; children's and infants' wear stores; family clothing stores; men's,Lwomen's, children's and juveniles', and family shoe stores; furriers and furJshops; and establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of special-Gized lines of apparel and accessories not elsewhere classified, such asKuniforms, bathing suits, raincoats, riding apparel, sports apparel, umbrel-Klas, wigs, and toupees. Also included are custom tailors primarily engagedHin making and selling men's and women's clothing (except fur apparel) toindividual order.^ IEating and drinking places, SIC 58, include retail establishments sellingKprepared food and drinks for consumption on the premises; they also includeKlunch counters and refreshment stands selling prepared foods and drinks forJimmediate consumption. They consist of restaurants and lunchrooms, socialIcaterers, cafeterias, refreshment places, contract feeding, ice cream andBfrozen custard stands, and drinking places (alcoholic beverages).^ HPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includ-Jing salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the pay-Jroll in the pay period including March 12. Included are employees on paidKsick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors+and partners of unincorporated businesses.^ HPayroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, com-Hmissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value ofLpayments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to allFemployees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons andJreported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amountsKpaid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does notJinclude profit or other compensation of proprietors and partners. PayrollIis reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance,union dues, etc.^ J* Savings capital of Savings and Loan Associations, June 1986 (mil dol)^I* Savings capital of Savings and Loan Associations, % change 1985-1986^^FSOURCE: Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Summary of Savings Accounts by Geographic Area, June, 1986.^^^IThese figures are based on the results of the survey of the dollar volumeKof accounts by offices of FSLIC (Federal Savings and Loan Insurance corpor-3ation) - insured institutions as of June 30, 1986.^ HFor a given geographical area, data are presented for offices of savings=institutions - whether home or branch - located in the area.^ C* Taxable service industries - establishments with payroll, 1982^J* Receipts of taxable service establishments w/ payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^2* Receipts of lodging places, 1982 ($1,000,000)^F* Receipts of health services (excluding hospitals), 1982 (mil dol)^2* Receipts of legal services, 1982 ($1,000,000)^@* Paid employees of taxable service estabs with payroll, 1982^@* Annual payroll of taxable service estabs, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^HSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Service Industries,^,Geographic Area Statistics (series SC82-A).^^^CThe 1982 Census of Service Industries covered service industries asFdefined in the 1972 SIC Manual, except selected SIC codes. Data shownCinclude SIC codes as follows: 70 (hotels, motels, and other lodgingGplaces); 72 (personal services); 73 (business services); 75 (automotiveJrepair, services, and garages); 76 (miscellaneous repair services); 78, 79J(amusement and recreation services, including motion pictures); 80, exceptK806 (health services, except hospitals); 81 (legal services); 823, 824, 829E(selected educational services); 891 (engineering, architectural, andJsurveying services); 893 (accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services);H83, 892, 899 (social and other services). For 1982, only establishmentsLwith some payroll during the year are available. The data in this report doLnot include establishments that are auxiliary (primary function is providingHa service, such as warehouses) to service establishments within the sameorganization.^ GFor the 1982 Census of Service Industries, large-and medium-size firms,Fplus all firms known to operate more than one establishment, were sentJquestionnaires to be completed and returned to the Bureau of the Census byHmail. Firms were classified based on federal income tax filing require-Gments. This classification was based primarily upon the response to anIinquiry on the census questionnaire. Establishments which indicated thatIall or part of their income was exempt from federal income tax under pro-Kvision of section 501 or 521 of the IRS code were classified as tax-exempt;Lestablishments indicating no such exemption were classified as taxable. ForImost very small firms, data from existing administrative records of otherJfederal agencies were used instead. These records provided basic informa-Ktion on location, kind of business, receipts, payroll, number of employees,Kand legal form of organization. In addition, more detailed information forGselected kinds of business was obtained on the various questionnaires.^ CAn establishment is a single physical location at which business isJconducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. It isKnot necessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ HPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includ-Jing salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the pay-Kroll in the pay period including March 12, 1982. Included are employees onDpaid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations. Proprietors and8partners of unincorporated businesses are not included.^ DAnnual payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries,Iwages, commissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and theIvalue of payments in-kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during theEyear to all employees. For corporations, it includes amounts paid toKofficers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not includeDprofit or other compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll isLreported before deductions for Social Security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc.^ DTotal receipts include receipts of all establishments in business atJanytime during the year. Receipts are the basic dollar volume measure forLservice establishments of firms subject to federal income tax. They includeIreceipts from customers or clients for services rendered, from the use ofIfacilities, and from merchandise sold during 1982 whether or not paymentJwas received in 1982, except for health practitioners, legal services, andLarchitectural, engineering, and surveying services, which reported on a cashLbasis (payments received in 1982 regardless of when services were rendered).HGasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes, which are paid by theJmanufacturer or wholesaler and included in the cost of goods purchased arealso included.^ IReceipts are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchan-Ldise returned by customers. Receipts do no include sales, occupancy, admis-Ksions, or other taxes collected from customers and remitted directly by theLfirm to a local, state, or federal tax agency; nor do they include nonopera-Iting income from such sources as interest, investments, or sale or rentalof real estate.^ GReceipts do not include service receipts of manufacturers, wholesalers,Jretail establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is otherJthan service. They do, however, include receipts other than from servicesJrendered (e.g., sale of merchandise to individuals or other businesses) byIestablishments primarily engaged in performing services and classified inthe service industries.^ HHotels, motels, and other lodging places, SIC 70, include establishmentsIprimarily engaged in providing lodging, or lodging and meals, and campingHfacilities. Hotels that provide accommodations for permanent residents,Ctourist homes, and residential mobile home parks are not included.^ EHealth services, except hospitals, SIC 80, except 806, establishmentsLprimarily engaged in furnishing medical, surgical, and other health servicesJto persons. Associations or groups primarily engaged in providing medicalJor other health services to members are included, but those that only pro-Ivide insurance covering hospitalization or medical costs are not includedhere.^ HLegal services, SIC 81, include establishments engaged in offering legalLadvice or legal services, the head or heads of which are members of the bar.LAssociations of lawyers formed solely for the sharing of expenses (includingKpayroll) and not for the purpose of jointly practicing their profession areHalso included. Receipts are not applicable for these associations sinceGtheir operations are funded by reimbursements from member firms and notLconsidered operating receipts for legal services provided. Neither are suchJentities considered separate operating establishments; however, their pay-Kroll and employment data are included. Nonprofit legal services (including*legal aid societies) are classified here.^ 6* Social security beneficiaries as of December 1985^=* Social security beneficiaries per 1,000 population, 1985^5* Social security payments, December 1985 ($1,000)^?* Supplemental security income program recipients, June 1986^ __________^^6* Social security beneficiaries as of December 1985^=* Social security beneficiaries per 1,000 population, 1985^5* Social security payments, December 1985 ($1,000)^^LSOURCE: U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Security Beneficiaries$by State and County, December 1985.^^^IThe Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program (OASDI) providesJmonthly benefits for retired and disabled workers and their dependents andLto survivors of insured workers. To be eligible for benefits, a worker mustLhave had a specified period of employment in which OASDI taxes were paid. AHworker becomes eligible for full retirement benefits at age 65, althoughKreduced benefits may be obtained up to three years earlier. Survivor bene-Gfits are payable to dependents of deceased insured workers. DisabilityGbenefits are payable to an insured worker under age 65 with a prolongedJdisability and to that person's dependents on the same basis as dependentsLof a retired worker. Also, disability benefits are payable at age 50 to theKdisabled widow or widower of a deceased worker who was fully insured at thetime of death.^ EA lump-sum benefit is also payable on the death of an insured worker.KData include persons with special age-72 benefits. Special age-72 benefitsHrepresent the monthly benefits payable to men who attained age 72 beforeK1972 and for women who attained age 72 before 1970 and who do not have suf-Ificient quarters to qualify for a retired-worker benefit under either the6fully or the transitionally insured status provision.^ HTotal figures represent the number of, or payments to, insured, retired,For disabled workers; the spouses, dependents, and survivors of insured;persons; and those persons in the special age-72 category.^ __________^^?* Supplemental security income program recipients, June 1986^^ASOURCE: U.S. Social Security Administration, unpublished data.^^^KUnder the direction of the Social Security Administration, the SupplementalGSecurity Income (SSI) program provides cash payments in accordance withJnationwide eligibility requirements to persons with limited income and re-Ksources who are aged, blind, or disabled. For a child under age 18, eligi-Kbility is based on disability or severity comparable with that of an adult,Isince the criterion of "substantial gainful activity" is inapplicable forJchildren. Under this program, each person living in his or her own house-Jhold is provided a cash payment from the federal government that is suffi-Icient, when added to the person's countable income (the total gross moneyLincome of an individual less certain exclusions), to bring the total monthlyJincome up to a specified level (the federal benefit rate). If the indivi-Fdual or couple is living in another household, the guaranteed level isreduced by one-third.^ JAn aged person is defined as an individual who is 65 years old or over. ALblind person is anyone with vision of 200 or less with the use of correctingHlens in the better eye or with tunnel vision of 20 degrees or less. TheIdisabled classification refers to any person unable to engage in any sub-Jstantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physicalJor mental impairment expected to result in death or that has lasted or canCbe expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months.^ JThe data cover persons with federal SSI payments and/or federally adminis-Ftered state supplementation. States have the option to supplement theKfederal SSI payment for all or selected categories of recipients. The dataHare for persons with federal SSI payments only for the following states:JAlabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana,IKentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, NorthICarolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia,Hand Wyoming; these states have state-administered supplementation. DataJfor Texas and West Virginia cover federal SSI payments only; no state sup- plementary payments are made.^ ICounty data on Supplemental Security Income number of recipients are col-Glected by the Social Security Administration and are only published forKDecember. This table presents data on the county distribution of federallyKadministered payments to the individuals and couples receiving supplemental&security income in June of each year.^ * Births, 1980-1986^* Deaths, 1980-1986^* Births, 1984^8* Births to mothers under 20 years old, percent, 1984^&* Births per 1,000 population, 1984^* Deaths, 1984^/* Deaths of infants under one year old, 1984^&* Deaths per 1,000 population, 1984^E* Deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births, 1984^* Marriages, 1984^)* Marriages per 1,000 population, 1984^* Divorces, 1984^(* Divorces per 1,000 population, 1984^ __________^^* Births, 1980-1986^* Deaths, 1980-1986^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1986 Population Estimates by County with*Components of Change, computer tape file.^^^GNatural increase represents the difference between the number of birthsLand deaths in a particular area. Estimates of natural increase are based onGreported vital statistics (birth certificates and death certificates).^ __________^^* Births, 1984^8* Births to mothers under 20 years old, percent, 1984^&* Births per 1,000 population, 1984^* Deaths, 1984^/* Deaths of infants under one year old, 1984^&* Deaths per 1,000 population, 1984^E* Deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births, 1984^^MSOURCE: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the=United States, Vol.I, Natality, and Vol.II, Mortality, 1984.^^^EThrough the National Vital Statistics System, the National Center forIHealth Statistics collects and publishes data on births and deaths in theIUnited States. Fetal deaths are classified and tabulated separately fromFother deaths. The Division of Vital Statistics obtains information onGbirths and deaths from the registration offices of all states, New York$City, and the District of Columbia.^ JIn most areas, practically all births and deaths are registered. The mostJrecent test of the completeness of birth registration, conducted on a sam-Jple of births from 1964 to 1968, showed that 99.3 percent of all births inKthe United States during that period were registered. No comparable infor-Hmation is available for deaths, but it is generally believed that death Lregistration in the United States is at least as complete as birth registra-tion.^ KBirth and death statistics are limited to events occurring during the year.KThe data are by place of residence and exclude events occurring to nonresi-Ldents of the United States. Births and deaths that occur outside the UnitedStates are excluded.^ IBirth and death rates represent the number of births and deaths per 1,0002resident population estimated as of July 1, 1984.^ FFigures for infant deaths include deaths of children under one year ofKage; they exclude fetal deaths. Infant death rates represent the deaths of2infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.^ __________^^* Marriages, 1984^)* Marriages per 1,000 population, 1984^* Divorces, 1984^(* Divorces per 1,000 population, 1984^^MSOURCE: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the4United States, Vol.III, Marriage and Divorce, 1984.^^^JThe marriage and divorce statistics are based on complete counts of eventsKobtained from all states, except as noted. State and local officials annu-Jally provide complete counts of marriages and divorces by county of occur-Krence. From these counts, marriage and divorce totals are derived for eachFstate, geographic division, region, and the United States as a whole.^ KMarriage and divorce statistics for the United States, for the registrationKareas, and for individual states are limited to events occurring during theJyear and registered within the specific area. Tabulations are by place ofFoccurrence and include events occurring to nonresidents. Marriages orLdivorces that occur outside the United States are excluded. Reported annul-Iments are included in the divorce statistics. Marriage and divorce rates?are based on resident population estimated as of July 1, 1984.^ )* Wholesale trade establishments, 1982^-* Wholesale trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^8* Wholesale trade paid employees as of March 12, 1982^6* Wholesale trade annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^DSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade,,Geographic Area Statistics (series WC82-A).^^^HThe 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade covered wholesale trade as defined inJthe 1972 SIC Manual. It included all establishments with one or more paidJemployees primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to indus-Jtrial, commercial, institutional, farm, or professional users; or to otherLwholesalers. Companies selling products to which they are entitled, as wellIas those acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or sellingGmerchandise to others are included. Two major industry groups, durableJgoods and nondurable goods, are classified in wholesale trade. Their two-Hdigit SIC code numbers are 50 and 51, respectively. The census includedDwholesale liquor warehouses operated by state and local governments.KExcluded were warehouses and other units that serviced or were auxiliary to7wholesale establishments within the same organization.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Led. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which mayJconsist of one or more establishments. The count of establishments repre-5sents the number in business at the end of the year.^ KSales figures represent sales of all establishments in business at any timeLduring 1982. Sales include merchandise sold for cash or credit at wholesaleKand retail by establishments primarily engaged in wholesale trade; receiptsHfrom rental or leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools, etc.;Kreceipts for delivery, installation, maintenance, repair, alteration, stor-Hage, and other services; and gasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other exciseHtaxes that are paid by the manufacturer and passed on to the wholesaler.KSales figures do not include wholesale sales made by manufacturers, retail-Jers, service establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity isIother than wholesale trade. They do include receipts other than from theGsale of merchandise at wholesale (e.g., service receipts, retail sales,>etc.) by establishments primarily engaged in wholesale trade.^ ISales are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandiseGreturned by customers. Trade-in allowances are not deducted from totalJsales. Total sales do not include carrying or other credit charges; salesI(or other) taxes collected from customers and forwarded to taxing author-Jities; and nonoperating income from such sources as investments, rental orsale of real estate, etc.^ HPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includ-Jing salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the pay-Kroll in the pay period including March 12, 1982. Included are employees onJpaid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations. Proprietors and part-4ners of unincorporated businesses are not included.^ KAnnual payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages,Kcommissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value ofHpayments in-kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year toJall employees. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers andHexecutives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit orJother compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported beforeHdeductions for Social Security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc.^ (* Federal government employment, 1984^0* City government employment, 1985 (October)^D* City government employees per 10,000 population, 1985 (October)^C* City government employment - percent education, 1985 (October)^ __________^^(* Federal government employment, 1984^^ASOURCE: U.S. Office of Personnel Management, unpublished data.^^^KThe major source of these data is an automated system of individual recordsEfor most Federal civilian employees, the Central Personnel Data File,Iestablished in 1972 and maintained by the Office of Personnel Management.LIt is organized and updated on a monthly basis from data collected from eachKdepartment and agency of the Federal Government except the Central Intelli-Kgence Agency and the National Security Agency, which are exempt by law fromHpersonnel reporting requirements for reasons of security. Also excludedKfrom the Office of Personnel's Central Personnel Data File coverage are theJfollowing agencies or groups of employees in the Executive Branch: Nonap-Jpropriated fund employees in defense activities; and commissioned officersKserving in the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Commerce, andJDepartment of Health and Human Services. The following legislative branchJagencies and groups are also excluded: Members and employees of Congress,FCongressional Budget Office, Commission on Security and Cooperation inHEurope, Copyright Royalty Tribunal, and Office of Technology Assessment.KWith the exception of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the en-Jtire judicial branch is excluded. Employment data are based on duty loca-Ktions (i.e., where employees work, not where they reside). The U.S. PostalJService, however, reports employees where they are paid rather than actual work site.^ __________^^0* City government employment, 1985 (October)^D* City government employees per 10,000 population, 1985 (October)^C* City government employment - percent education, 1985 (October)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Survey of Governments, 1985: Employment Statistics, computer tape file.^^^LEmployment, as used in this report, refers to all persons gainfully employedKby and performing services for a government. Employees include all personsKpaid for personal services performed, including persons paid from federallyLfunded programs, paid elected officials, persons in a paid leave status, andKpersons paid on a per meeting, annual, semiannual, or quarterly basis. Un-Lpaid officials, pensioners, persons whose work is performed on a free basis,Jand contractors and their employees are excluded from the count of employ-ees.^ 8* City government general revenue, 1985 ($1,000,000)^J* City government general revenue intergovernmental, 1985 ($1,000,000)^N* City government general revenue intergovernmental - % from state govt, 85^.* City government taxes, 1985 ($1,000,000)^1* City government taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^:* City government property taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^J* City government sales and gross receipts taxes per capita, 1985 ($1)^=* City government general expenditures, 1985 ($1,000,000)^@* City government general expenditures per capita, 1985 ($1)^K* City govt general expenditures - capital outlays per capita, '85 ($1)^L* City government general expenditures - percent for Public Welfare, 1985^F* City government general expenditures - percent for Highways, 1985^A* City govt general expenditures - percent for Education, 1985^L* City govt general expenditures - percent for Health and Hospitals, 1985^I* City govt general expenditures - percent for Police Protection, 1985^I* City govt general expenditures - % for Sewerage and Sanitation, 1985^L* City govt general expenditures - percent for Parks and Recreation, 1985^O* City govt general expenditures - % for Housing & Community Development, 85^9* City government debt outstanding, 1985 ($1,000,000)^<* City government debt outstanding per capita, 1985 ($1)^=* City government debt outstanding - percent utility, 1985^^LSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Public Use Tape, Survey of Governments,/1985: Finance Statistics, computer tape file.^^^JThe data presented related only to municipal corporations and their depen-Ident agencies and do not include amounts for other local governments out-Hlying city areas. Therefore, expenditure figures for "education" do notHinclude spending by the separate school districts that administer publicEschools within most municipal areas. Variations in the assignment ofKgovernmental responsibility for public assistance, health hospitals, publicLhousing, and other functions also affect comparability of reported amount of%city expenditure, revenue, and debt.^ GThe 1985 fiscal year reported is that closing between July 1, 1984, andFJune 30, 1985. A majority of municipalities end their fiscal years onJDecember 31; the next most common financial period is the 12 months ending June 30.^ JThe financial statistics are based on a mail canvass that covered substan-Htially all cities with 25,000 or more inhabitants on April 1, 1980. ForKcities with 300,000 or more inhabitants and for a limited number of smallerJcities, the basic data were compiled by Census Bureau representatives fromKofficial reports and records, with the advice and assistance of local offi-Hcials and employees. Information for other cities was supplied by localIofficials in response to a mail canvass that involved the use of detailedcensus questionnaires.^ FTotal general expenditure includes all city expenditure other than theJspecifically enumerated kinds of expenditure classified as utility, liquorGstore, and employee retirement and other insurance trust expenditures.^ JSewerage and sanitation include sanitary and storm sewers, sewage disposalGfacilities and services, and other local governments for such purposes;Isanitary engineering, smoke regulation and other activities as classifiedLunder health; and street cleaning and collection and disposal of garbage andother waste.^ EParks and recreation includes cultural scientific activities, such asJmuseums and art galleries; organized recreation, including playgrounds andLplayfields, swimming pools, and bathing beaches; municipal parks and specialLfacilities for recreation, such as auditoriums, stadiums, auto camps, recre- ation piers, and boat harbors.^ IHousing and community development includes city housing and redevelopmentJprojects and regulation, promotion, and support of private housing and re-Jdevelopment activities. Data for Arizona, Kentucky, Michigan, New Mexico,GNew York, and Virginia generally include municipal housing authorities.JHousing authorities for other cities are usually classified as independentKgovernments and data for them are included in Governmental Finances, series GF, No. 5.^ * Civilian labor force, 1986^3* Civilian labor force, percent change 1985-1986^.* Civilian labor force - unemployment, 1986^.* Civilian labor force - unemployment rate,^^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas, annual.^^^JMost city estimates are derived from county estimates and reflect relativeJemployment/unemployment between counties and their component cities as de-Gtermined by the decennial census. These estimates are the product of aJFederal-State cooperative program in which State employment security agen-Kcies prepare labor force and unemployment estimates under concepts, defini-Jtions, and technical procedures established by the Bureau of Labor Statis-tics.^ IUnemployment include all persons who did not work during the survey week,Lmade specific efforts to find a job in the prior 4 weeks, and were availableHfor work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). PersonsHwaiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off andEthose waiting to report to a new job within the next 30 days are also"included in unemployment figures.^ FAn explanation of the technical procedures used to develop monthly andKannual local area labor force estimates appears monthly in the "ExplanatoryINote" for State and area unemployment data in the Bureau of Labor Statis-Htics' periodical Employment and Earnings. Due to the limitations of theHestimation procedures, the estimates shown, especially on the county and:city level, are subject to potentially significant error.^ ;* Mean average daily January temperature (°F), 1951-1980^8* Mean average daily July temperature (°F), 1951-1980^>* Average daily minimum January temperature (°F), 1951-1980^;* Average daily maximum July temperature (°F), 1951-1980^-* Annual precipitation, 1951-1980 (inches)^#* Heating degree days, 1951-1980^#* Cooling degree days, 1951-1980^^BSOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),CClimatography of the United States, Number 81 (September 1982); andMComparative Climatic Data, for the United States through 1981 (August 1982).^^^GAll climate data are average values for the 30-year period, 1951-1980.^ LMean temperatures for January and July were determined by adding the averageLdaily maximum temperatures and average daily minimum temperatures and divid-Iing by two. For an explanation of "mean," see the Glossary of FunctionalDefinitions.^ JTemperature limits represent average daily minimum for January and averagedaily maximum for July.^ JAnnual precipitation values are the average annual water equivalent of allKprecipitation for the 30-year period. The totals include accumulated rain,Jdrizzle, and the water equivalent of all forms of freezing and frozen pre-9cipitation such as hail, snow, sleet, and freezing rain.^ LHeating- and cooling-degree days are used as relative measures of the energyLrequired for heating and cooling buildings. One heating-degree day is accu-Lmulated for each whole degree that the mean daily temperature is below 65° FJ(i.e., a mean daily temperature of 62° F will produce three heating-degreeIdays). Cooling-degree days are accumulated in similar fashion for devia-1tions of the mean daily temperature above 65° F.^ )* Serious crimes known to police, 1985^)* Violent crimes known to police, 1985^@* Serious crimes known to police per 100,000 population, 1985^* Police officers, 1985^0* Police officers per 10,000 population, 1985^^KSOURCE: U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 1985; and unpublished data.^^^IThrough the voluntary contribution of crime statistics by law enforcementLagencies across the United States, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) ProgramKprovides periodic assessments of the number and type of crime in the NationFas measured by offenses coming to the attention of the law enforcementGcommunity. The Committee on Uniform Crime Records of the InternationalGAssociation of Chiefs of Police initiated this voluntary national data-Kcollection effort in 1930. The UCR Program contributors compile and submitKtheir crime data in one of two ways: Either directly to the FBI or throughthe State UCR Programs.^ FSeven offenses, because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence,Gpervasiveness in all geographic areas of the country, and likelihood ofJbeing reported to police, were initially selected to serve as an index forGevaluating fluctuations in the volume and rate of crime. These crimes,Jknown jointly as the Crime Index, include the violent crimes of murder andKnon-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault;Land the property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.KBy congressional mandate, arson was added as the eighth Crime Index offense-in 1979. Totals shown do not include arson.^ GThe four violent crimes are categorized as follows: (1) Murder and non-Knegligent manslaughter, as defined in the UCR Program, is the willful (non-Hnegligent) killing of one human being by another. This offense excludesIdeaths caused by negligence, suicide, or accident; justifiable homicides;Gand attempts to murder or assaults to murder. (2) Forcible rape is theHcarnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Assaults orFattempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included;Lhowever, statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded.J(3) Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from theFcare, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat ofLforce or violence and/or putting the victim in fear. (4) Aggravated assaultLis an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflict-Hing severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault is usuallyIaccompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death orIgreat bodily harm. Attempts are included since an injury does not neces-Gsarily have to result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used, whichIcould and probably would result in a serious personal injury if the crime were successfully completed.^ 8* Percent completing 12 years of school or more, 1980^8* Percent completing 16 years of school or more, 1980^A* Persons 25 years old and over, 1980 (educational attainment)^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing,Summary Tape File 3C.^^FData for educational attainment are shown for persons 25 years old andHover. The data were derived from two questions on the 1980 census ques-Gtionnaire, one identifying the highest grade attended in regular schoolIand the other asking whether the respondent finished that grade. PersonsKwho passed a high school equivalency examination were marked "12" under theLhighest grade completed (if they had not completed or were not enrolled in aKhigher grade). Schooling received in foreign schools was to be reported asEthe equivalent grade or years in the regular American school system.^ ;* Typical monthly residential electric bills, 1986 ($1)^J* Typical monthly residential electric bills - percent change 1980-1986^9* Typical monthly commercial electric bills, 1986 ($1)^^ISOURCE: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Typical Electric Bills,1986.^^^FData presented are based on information reported on Energy InformationKAdministration Form EIA-213 "Typical Net Monthly Bills". The form providesJdata on the cost of electricity of residential, commercial, and industrialIconsumers throughout the United States. The data are used to compare theGrange of electric bills for similar services from different localities.LBills for residential electric service are reported by utilities for variousLenergy - consumption levels (250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 2,500 kilowatt hours)Gfor each community of 2,500 or more inhabitants. Residential items areJbased on a 750 kilowatt-hour consumption level, which approximates the 740Gkilowatts of electric energy used by the average residential customer.^ G"Residential" is a classification covering electric energy supplied forKresidential (household) purposes. The classification of an individual cus-Itomer's account where the use is both residential and commercial is basedon principal use.^ I"Commercial" refers to service to customers engaged primarily in the saleFof goods or services, including institutions and government agencies.^ 4* Employment (persons 16 years old and over) 1980^O* Professional, Specialty and Technical employment per 1,000 employees, 1980^O* Precision production craft, and operators employment/1,000 employees, 1980^^BSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing, Summary Tape File 3C.^^^JData on employment in 1980 are for persons 16 years old and over and referIto the calendar week prior to the date on which respondents completed theI1980 census questionnaires or were interviewed by enumerators. Since theHweek of enumeration was not the same for all persons, the reference weekGfor employment is not entirely uniform. For many persons, however, theIreference week for answering the 1980 census employment questions was thelast week in March 1980.^ GOccupation data refer to the kind of work the person was doing at a jobLor business during the reference week or, if not at work, at the most recent(job or business if employed since 1975.^ JProfessional specialty and technical employees includes professional spec-Jialty occupations such as: engineers, architects, and surveyors; mathema-Htical and computer scientists; natural scientists; health diagnostic andHtreating occupations; teachers; lawyers, and judges, etc.; and technicalKand related support occupations such as: clinical laboratory technologistsKand technicians; dental hygienists; health record technologists and techni-+cians; and licensed practical nurses, etc.^ HPrecision production, craft, and operators include precision production,Jcraft, and repair occupations such as: mechanics and repairers; construc-Ktion trades; extractive and precision production workers, etc.; and machineJoperators, assemblers, and inspectors such as: machine operators and ten-Gders, except precision; transportation and material moving occupations;:handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers, etc.^<* Federal procurement contract awards, 1986 ($1,000,000)^-* Federal grant awards, 1986 ($1,000,000)^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Consolidated Federal Funds Report,,Fiscal Year 1986, Vol. II, Subcounty Areas.^^^HData on Federal expenditures and obligations were obtained from a reportLprepared in accordance with the Consolidated Federal Funds Report (CCFR) ActJof 1982 (P.L.97-326), which specified that the following reporting systemsKand agencies be used as data sources: Federal Assistance Award Data SystemH(FAADS), Federal Procurement Data System, Office of Personnel ManagementL(OPM), and Department of Defense (DOD). In addition, several other agenciesJwere requested to provide data, usually for selected programs. The reportAreflects Federal Government expenditures by State and territory.^ KMost data covering direct payments for individuals were taken from informa-Htion reported to the FAADS. The two object areas of direct payments forJindividuals are (1) direct payments for retirement and disability benefitsFand (2) all other direct payments for individuals. All data representIactual expenditures during the fiscal years. For details, see the sourcenote.^ IStatistics covering procurement were provided by the United States PostalIService (USPS) for Postal Service procurement and the Federal ProcurementIData Center (FPDC) for procurement actions of all other Federal agencies,Iincluding DOD. Amounts provided by the USPS represent actual outlays forHcontractual commitments while amounts provided by the FPDC represent theKvalue of obligations for contract actions and do not reflect actual FederalLGovernment expenditures. In general, only current-year contract actions areJreported for data provided by the FPDC; however, multiple-year obligationsImay be reported for contract actions of less than three years' duration.^ HAmounts reported for salaries and wages were obtained from the OPM, DOD,Kand USPS. The DOD provided information on military payrolls; data coveringJcivilian employees of DOD were obtained from OPM. Amounts reported by theIDOD represent estimates of fiscal year outlays by State and county. DataJfor Postal Service employees were provided by the USPS and were based uponHplace of employment (postal facility). Amounts represent actual outlaysHduring the fiscal year but with the national total distributed among theJStates and counties on an estimated basis. Data on salaries and wages forKall other Federal Government employees (except for employees of the CentralHIntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency) were obtained fromGOPM. National totals represent actual expenditures during fiscal yearsKshown; the geographic distribution of these amounts by State and county was*estimated based upon place of employment.^ HThe principal source of grants data was the information submitted to theIFAADS. The Bureau of the Census is the Executive Agent for the Office ofGManagement and Budget and is responsible for the operation of the FAADSKreporting systems. The FAADS data represent the Federal obligations incur-Ired at the time the grant is awarded. The amounts reported do not repre-Ksent actual expenditures since obligations in one time period may result inIoutlays during the same time period. Moreover, initial amounts obligatedJmay be adjusted at a later date, either through enhancements or de-obliga-Ktions. The data were derived by summing the quarterly reports that coveredGfinancial assistance awarded between October 1, 1982, and September 30,G1983. All grant awards were reported by State, county, and city of theKinitial recipient. For many grants, this recipient is the State governmentJeven though the grant monies are subsequently distributed to county, muni-Fcipal, or township governments. These "pass-through" grants generallyLappear in the CFFR at the State capital city (and in the associated county).KNo attempt is made in the CFFR to assign the dollar amounts for these pass-<through programs to locations other than the State capital.^ * Form of government, 1986^^ISOURCE: International City Management Association, Washington, DC, TheCMunicipal Yearbook, 1986. (Copyright, 1986. All rights reserved.)^^^GInformation for this item was obtained from the master computer file of/the International City Management Association.^ KThe mayor-council form of government is characterized by a legislative bodyK(generally called a city council, but sometimes termed a board of freehold-Iers, board of selectmen, or commission) elected at large, by ward or dis-Itrict, or by some combination of the two , and a separately elected chiefKexecutive usually called the mayor. The mayor is designated as the head ofGthe city government, but the extent of the mayor's authority is usuallyJprescribed by state law or local charter and can range from purely ceremo-Inial functions to full-scale responsibility for the day-to-day operationsJof the city. The mayor generally has veto power over ordinances passed bythe council.^ LThe council-manager form of government also has an elected legislative body.LTypically, the mayor is recognized as the political head of the municipalityJbut is a member of council and does not have the power to veto council ac-Jtions. The mayor and council as a collegial body are responsible for set-Ating policy, approving the budget, and determining the tax rate.^ FThe legislative body in the commission form of government is generallyJelected in a nonpartisan, at-large system. In addition to their functionsLas policy makers and legislators, members of the board of commissioners each=serve as the head of one or more administrative departments.^ * Hospitals, 1985^* Hospital beds, 1985^/* Hospital beds per 100,000 population, 1985^^GSOURCE: American Hospital Association, Chicago IL, AHA Annual SurveyKof Hospitals, and unpublished data. Copyright 1986. All rights reserved.^^^HThese statistics were compiled by the American Hospital Association fromKsurveys of all hospitals in the United States and its outlying areas. TheyLinclude nonregistered hospitals, as well as those registered by the AmericanJHospital Association. Hospitals were asked to report data for a full yearGending September 30, 1985. A hospital is defined as a facility with atKleast six beds that is licensed by the State as a hospital or that is oper-Lated as a hospital by a Federal or State agency and is therefore not subjectIto State and local licensing laws. The data cover hospitals of all typesFand are fairly complete for general, tuberculosis, mental, and FederalHGovernment hospitals. Institutions and services commonly referred to asKconvalescent and rest homes, nursing homes, infirmaries, old-age homes, and*sanatoriums are excluded almost entirely.^ KHospital beds comprise beds, cribs, and pediatric bassinets regularly main-Ftained (set up and staffed for use) for inpatients during the 12-month0period. They exclude newborn infant bassinets.^ BRate represents the number of beds per 100,000 resident population estimated as of July 1, 1986.^ * Households, 1980^ * Persons per household, 1980^L* Percent of households with female householder - no spouse present, 1980^;* One person households, percent of all households, 1980^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing,Summary Tape File 1C.^^^IData for total households include all persons occupying housing units. AIhousing unit is a house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single roomJoccupied as separate living quarters or, if vacant, intended for occupancyGas separate living quarters. The occupants may be a single family, oneGperson living alone, two or more families living together, or any otherFgroup of related or unrelated persons who share a household. The dataKexclude persons in group quarters, such as inmates of institutions, includ-Jing homes, schools, hospitals, wards, orphanages, and correctional facili-Ities; persons in noninstitutional facilities such as rooming and boardingGhouses, communes, workers' dormitories, convents or monasteries, livingHquarters occupied by 9 or more persons unrelated to the person listed inKcolumn 1 of the census questionnaire; and persons residing in certain otherInoninstitutional group quarters regardless of the number or the relation-Iship of the people in the unit, such as military barracks, ships, collegeKdormitories, sorority and fraternity houses, general and maternity wards ofIhospitals (for patients who have no usual residence elsewhere), missions,Fflophouses, Salvation Army shelters, railroad stations, residences for.staff members in institutional quarters, etc.^ KPersons per household represent the number of persons in households dividedGby the number of households or householders. A household with a female+family householder has no husband present.^ * Housing units, 1980^-* Housing units, percent change, 1970-1980^#* Year-round housing units, 1980^G* Percent of year-round housing units built in 1939 or earlier, 1980^C* Percent of year-round housing units with 5 or more units, 1980^,* Year-round housing units (sample), 1980^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^@* Owner occupied units, percent of total occupied units, 1980^G* Median value of year-round owner occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^:* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1986^M* Value of new private housing units authorized by permits, 1986 ($1,000)^?* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1980-1986^J* New private authorized housing units 1980-86, % of 1980 housing stock^ __________^^* Housing units, 1980^-* Housing units, percent change, 1970-1980^#* Year-round housing units, 1980^G* Percent of year-round housing units built in 1939 or earlier, 1980^C* Percent of year-round housing units with 5 or more units, 1980^,* Year-round housing units (sample), 1980^!* Occupied housing units, 1980^@* Owner occupied units, percent of total occupied units, 1980^G* Median value of year-round owner occupied housing units, 1980 ($1)^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population and Housing,/Summary Tape File 1C and Summary Tape File 3C.^^^FA housing unit is a house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a singleEroom occupied as separate living quarters or, if vacant, intended for'occupancy as separate living quarters.^ GYear structure built refers to when the building was first constructed,Knot when it was remodeled, added to, or converted. In the determination ofHthe number of units in a structure, all housing units, both occupied andGvacant, were counted. A structure is a separate building that has openJspace on all sides or is separated from other structures by dividing walls!that extend from ground to roof.^ CThese statistics are based on the 1980 Decennial Census of Housing,8conducted by the Bureau of the Census on April 1, 1980.^ FA housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home or trailer, group ofGrooms, or single room occupied or, if vacant, intended for occupancy asJseparate living quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which theIoccupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure andJwhich have direct access from the outside of the building through a commonhall.^ IThe occupants of a housing unit may be a single family, one person livingEalone, or two or more families living together, or any other group ofJrelated or unrelated persons who share living arrangements (except personsL"living in group quarters"). For vacant units, the criteria of separatenessJand direct access are applied to the intended occupants whenever possible.GIf that information cannot be obtained, the criteria are applied to theKprevious occupants. Both occupied and vacant housing units are included inGthe housing inventory, except that recreational vehicles, tents, caves,Lboats, railroad cars, and the like are included only if they are occupied as$someone's usual place of residence.^ IData on housing characteristics in the 1980 census reports are limited toEyear-round housing units, i.e., all occupied houses plus vacant unitsIavailable or intended for year-round use. Vacant units held for seasonalJuse or migratory labor are excluded because of the difficulty in obtainingDreliable data on their characteristics. Counts of the total housingJinventory, however, are presented for each area shown in the publication.^ JA housing unit is classified as occupied if it is the usual place of resi-Kdence of the person or group of persons living in it at the time of enumer-Jation or if the occupants are also temporarily absent, e.g., away on vaca-Gtion. A household consists of all persons who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence.^ HA housing unit is "owner occupied" if the owner or co-owner lives in theIunit, even if it is mortgaged or not fully paid for. All other units are classified as renter occupied.^ IMedian value is the dollar amount that divides the distribution of owner-Joccupied housing units into two equal parts, one-half of the units fallingJbelow this value and the other half exceeding it. Value is defined as theKrespondent's estimate of what the house and lot would sell for if for sale.JIn this publication, statistics on value are presented for "specified non-Kcondominium owner-occupied" units (i.e., one-family houses one less than 10?acres and with no business or medical office on the property).^ __________^^:* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1986^M* Value of new private housing units authorized by permits, 1986 ($1,000)^?* New private housing units authorized by permits, 1980-1986^J* New private authorized housing units 1980-86, % of 1980 housing stock^^ISOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Housing Units Authorized by Building<Permits and Public Contracts, annual, and unpublished data.^^^IValuation represents the cost of construction as recorded on the buildingFpermit. This figure usually excludes the cost of on-site and off-siteKdevelopment and improvements and the cost of heating, plumbing, electrical, and elevator installations.^ KThe data relate to new housing units intended for occupancy on a housekeep-King basis. They exclude mobile homes (trailers), hotels, motels, and groupLresidential structures, such as nursing homes and college dormitories. TheyGalso exclude conversions of and alterations to existing buildings. TheK17,000 permit-issuing places account for a major portion of new residentialGhousing units started in the United States. In 1986, 95 percent of allIprivately owned housing intended for housekeeping on a housekeeping basis/were constructed within permit-issuing places.^ LThe total units authorized for the 1980-1986 period result from the aggrega-Gtion of all units authorized using both the 16,000-permit-issuing-placeIuniverse for 1980 to 1983 and the 17,000-place universe for 1984 to 1986.KWhen these numbers are related to the housing stock in 1980, they provide aHgeneral indication of the amount of new housing stock that may have beenLadded to the housing inventory. Since not all permits become actual housingLstarts and starts lag the permit stage of construction, these numbers do notKrepresent total new construction, but should provide a general indicator on8construction activity and the local real estate market.^ #* Land area, 1985 (square miles)^#* Land area, 1980 (square miles)^ __________^^ #* Land area, 1985 (square miles)^^7SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.^^^#* Land area, 1980 (square miles)^^JSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of Population, Character-Cistics of the Population, Number of Inhabitants (series PC80-1-A).^^^JAnnexations and other boundary changes were made by cities between JanuaryH1, 1980 and December 31, 1985. Generally, land areas are as reported byKlocal officials, and the Bureau of the Census assumes no responsibility forHtheir accuracy. Because of a lack of response, the Bureau of the Census6measured some areas based on the best available maps.^^'* Manufacturing establishments, 1982^L* Percent of manufacturing establishments with 20 or more employees, 1982^+* Manufacturing employees, 1982 (1,000)^5* Manufacturing employees percent change 1977-1982^?* Manufacturing employees annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^4* Manufacturing production workers, 1982 (1,000)^B* Manufacturing production workers work hours, 1982 (1,000,000)^?* Manufacturing production workers wages, 1982 ($1,000,000)^C* Manufacturing wages, average per production worker, 1982 ($1)^3* Value added by manufacture, 1982 ($1,000,000)^9* Value of manufacturing shipments, 1982 ($1,000,000)^C* New capital expenditures for manufacturing, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Manufacturers, Geographic!Area Statistics (series MC82-A).^^^FThe first census of manufacturers covered the year 1809. Between 1809Gand 1963, a census was conducted periodically. Beginning with the 1967Gcensus, Congress authorized the economic censuses to be taken at 5-year,intervals covering years ending in 2 and 7.^ LThe censuses of manufacturers for 1947 through 1982 cover operating manufac-Hturing establishments as defined in the 1972 and earlier editions of theGStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. This is the system ofFindustrial classification in government and private industry under theGguidance of the Office of Management and Budget. It provides data on aFdivision and industry code basis, according to the level of industrialKdetail. For example, manufacturing is a major industrial division. One ofIits major groups is Food and kindred products (code 20), which is dividedGinto industry groups, including Meat products (code 201). The industryGgroups are further divided into industries, such as meat packing plants(code 2011).^ GThe 1972 SIC Manual defines manufacturing as the mechanical or chemicalItransformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products. TheFassembly of component parts of products is also considered to be manu-Ifacturing if the resulting product is neither a structure nor other fixedKimprovement. These activities are usually carried on in plants, factories,Hor mills that characteristically use power-driven machines and materialshandling equipment.^ IIn accordance with Federal law governing census reports, no data are pub-Hlished that would disclose the operations of an individual establishmentIor business. However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-businessIclassification is not considered a disclosure, so this information may be1given even though other information is withheld.^ KThe 1977 and 1982 censuses were conducted under similar conditions and pro-Icedures, except for the following: Effective with the 1982 economic cen-Isuses, uniform instructions for reporting inventories were introduced forKall sector reports. Up to 1982, respondents were permitted to value inven-Htories using any generally accepted accounting method, such as first in,Kfirst out (FIFO); last in, first out (LIFO); and market--to name a few. InJ1982, all respondents were requested to report inventories at cost or mar-Iket. LIFO users were asked first to report inventory values prior to theLLIFO adjustment and then to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value afterHadjustment for the reserve. The value added figures, which are computedJbased on inventory data, are not comparable to earlier data because of the"change in reporting instructions.^ HAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is con-Gducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. It isKnot necessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ IThe all employees number is the average number of production workers plusHthe number of other employees in mid-March. Included are all persons onIpaid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during the pay period.KExcluded are members of the Armed Forces and pensioners on the active rollsLbut not working during the period. Officers of corporations are included asJemployees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are excluded.^ IPayroll figures include the gross annual earnings of all employees on theLpayroll of operating manufacturing establishments. The definition, which isEthe same as the one used for calculating the Federal withholding tax,Iincludes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions,Jdismissal pay, all bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation-Gin-kind, prior to such deductions as employees' Social Security contri-Kbutions, withholding taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds.IThe total includes salaries of officers of corporations but excludes pay-Kments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated concerns. Also excludedHare payments to members of the Armed Forces and to pensioners carried on4the active payroll of manufacturing establishments.^ IProduction workers include workers (up through the line-supervisor level)Fengaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving,Gstoring, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering),Hmaintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development,Dauxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordDkeeping, and other services closely associated with these productionHoperations. Employees above the working-supervisor level are excluded.^ GThe number of production workers is the average for the payroll periodsHincluding the 12th of March, May, August, and November. Not included inIthis classification are all the other employees, defined as nonproductionIemployees, including those engaged in factory supervision above the line-supervisor level.^ KProduction-work hours covers hours worked or paid for at the plant, includ-Iing actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). The dataLexclude hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave. Production wages7represent all compensation paid to production workers.^ KValue added by manufacture is derived by subtracting the cost of materials,Isupplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work fromHthe value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts for servicesIrendered). The result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition ofIvalue added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference between theIsales value and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture,Jprocessing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work in;process between the beginning-and end-of-year inventories.^ HValue of shipments covers the received or receivable net selling values,Dfree on board plant (exclusive of freight charges and taxes), of allFproducts shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as miscellaneousBreceipts, such as receipts for contract work performed for others,Iinstallation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products bought andIresold without further processing. Included are all items made by or forJthe establishment from materials owned by it, whether sold, transferred toEother plants of the same company, or shipped on consignment. The netDselling value of products made in one plant on a contract basis fromBmaterials owned by another was reported by the plant providing theEmaterials. In the case of multi-unit companies, the manufacturer wasIrequested to report the value of products transferred to other establish-Iments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, includingJnot only the direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of;"all other costs" (including company overhead) and profit.^ HNew capital expenditures are also covered in the census. For establish-Hments under construction but not yet in operation in 1982, manufacturersKwere asked to report their new expenditures for (1) permanent additions andKmajor alterations to manufacturing establishments and (2) new machinery andKequipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they wereGof the type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained.KThe totals for new expenditures exclude that portion of expenditures leasedKfrom nonmanufacturing concerns, new facilities owned by the Federal Govern-Kment but operated under contract by private companies, and plant and equip-Jment furnished to the manufacturer by communities and non-profit organiza-Htions. Also excluded are expenditures for used plant and equipment (al-Kthough reported in the census), expenditures for land, and cost of mainten-8ance and repairs charged as current operating expenses.^ EEarnings cover wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, andKproprietors' income. Wage and salary income consists of monetary remunera-Gtion of employees, including corporate officers; commissions, tips, andFbonuses; and receipts in-kind that represent income to the recipients.GRetroactive wages are counted when paid rather than when earned. OtherKlabor income includes employer contributions to private pension and welfareLfunds, employers' payments for privately administered workmen's compensationKinsurance, and directors' fees. Proprietors' income is the monetary incomeEand income in-kind of proprietorships and partnerships, including the9independent professions, and of tax-exempt cooperatives.^^"* Per capita money income, 1985^<* Money income per capita, percent of state average, 1985^^LSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Current Population Reports, series P26,:Nos. 86-NE-SC, 86-S-SC, 86-ENC-SC, 86-WNC-SC, and 86-W-SC.^^5* Money income per capita, 1979 (current dollars)^;* Money income per capita, 1979 (constant 1985 dollars)^1* Percent of persons below poverty level, 1979^2* Percent of families below poverty level, 1979^ * Family households, 1980^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1980 Census of Population and Housing,Summary Tape File 3C.^^^ITotal money income is defined by the Bureau of the Census for statisticalIpurposes as the sum of the following: wage or salary income; net nonfarmLself-employment income, net farm self-employment income; Social Security andLrailroad retirement income; public assistance income; and all other regular-Hly received income such as interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pen-Gsions, unemployment compensation, and alimony. Receipts not counted asKincome include various "lump sum" payments such as capital gains or inheri-Itances. The total represents the amount of income received before deduc-Gtions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, unionIdues, Medicare deductions, etc. Receipts from the following sources wereInot included as income: Money received from the sale of property (unlessHthe recipient was engaged in the business of selling such property); theLvalue of income "in kind" (such as free living quarters or food produced andGconsumed in the home); withdrawal of bank deposits; money borrowed; taxJrefunds; exchange of money between relatives living in the same household;!and gifts and lump-sum receipts.^ HPer capita income is based on resident population enumerated as of AprilD1, 1980, for 1979 and estimated as of July 1, 1986, for 1985. For aBdefinition of per capita, see "Explanation of Symbols and Terms".^ JThe constant-dollar figures are based on the annual average Consumer PriceHIndex from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Consumer Price Index forG1979 and 1985 were 217.4 and 322.2 with the base year being 1967 = 100,Krespectively. Constant-dollar figures are estimates representing an effortJto remove the effects of price changes from statistical series reported inKdollar terms. However, the estimates do not reflect the price and cost-of-1living differences that may exist between areas.^ HFamily and persons were classified as below poverty level if their totalFfamily income or unrelated individual income was less than the povertyKthreshold specified for the applicable family size, age of householder, andJnumber of related children under 18 present. Poverty status is determinedLfor all families (and, by implication, all family members). For persons notLin families, poverty status is determined by their income in relation to theFappropriate poverty threshold. Thus, two unrelated individuals livingHtogether may not have the same poverty status. Inmates of institutions,Ipersons in military group quarters and college dormitories, and unrelatedIindividuals under 15 years old are excluded. For details of how the data:were derived and limitations of the data, see the source.^^* Population, 1986^* Population rank, 1986^%* Population per square mile, 1986^!* Population, 1980 (corrected)^ * Population change 1980-1986^(* Population percent change 1980-1986^^MSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: Current Population Reports, Series P-26,HNos. 86-NE-SC, 86-S-SC, 86-ENC-SC, 86-WNC-SC, and 86-W-SC, computer tapefile.^^^#* Percent white population, 1980^#* Percent black population, 1980^5* Percent American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut, 1980^-* Percent Asian and Pacific Islander, 1980^* Percent Hispanic, 1980^$* Percent 65 years and over, 1980^* Population, 1980^^KSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census: 1980 Census of Population and Housing,,Summary Tape File 1C, and unpublished data.^^^CThe population estimates contained in this report were developed byGaveraging the results of two methods, both of which use current data to-estimate population change since April 1980.^ JThe Census Bureau's Composite method estimates two age segments--the popu-Hlation under 15 years of age and the household population 15 to 64 yearsIof age. The under-15 age group is obtained by using vital statistics andJschool enrollment to estimate migration in a component procedure. For theJhousehold population 15 to 64 years old, the method employs a Ratio-Corre-Glation technique in which a multiple correlation estimating equation isIapplied to the changes in three independent variables (federal income taxIreturns, school enrollment, and housing units) to estimate changes in the population.^ LThe second method (the Administrative Records method) is a component proced-Kure that estimated the household population under 65 years of age. In thisGmethod, net internal migration is estimated using individual income taxKreturns, immigration from abroad is developed from immigration reports, andDreported vital statistics are used to account for natural increase.^ KThe population 65 years and over and the group quarters population under 65Iyears old are added to the under-65 household population from each of the4methods, resulting in total residential population.^ GPopulation estimates and projections are published in the P-25 and P-26Jseries of Current Population Reports. These estimates and projections areFgenerally consistent with official decennial census figures and do not:reflect the amount of estimated census under-enumeration.^ GEstimates for States and smaller areas are based on data series such asLbirths and deaths, school statistics from State departments of education andJparochial school systems, and Federal income tax returns. These estimatesKcontain estimated emigration of 160,000 per year since 1980 and net undocu-Kmented immigration of 200,000 per year. Prior to this, the time series hadIno allowance for undocumented immigration and an allowance of only 36,000Jfor emigration. For further information, see "Current Population Reports"(series P-25, No. 1000).^ IData on total persons for 1986 are based on resident population estimatedas of July 1, 1986.^ JFigures on total persons for 1980 are based on a complete, or 100 percent,-count of the population as of April 1, 1980.^ JThe American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut population includes persons who in-Gdicated their race as American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; also, personsJwho did not indicated a specific race category but reported the name of anKIndian tribe or such entries as Canadian Indian, French American Indian, orJSpanish American Indian were classified as American Indian. The Asian andHPacific Islander population includes persons who indicated their race asHChinese, Filipino, Japanese, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, Hawaiian,JSamoan, or Guamanian. Persons who did not report themselves in one of theHspecific race categories but reported a write-in entry indicating one ofFthese categories were classified accordingly. For example, entries ofGNipponese and Japanese American were classified as Japanese; entries of*Taiwanese and Cantonese, as Chinese, etc.^ GFigures for the Hispanic population are based on a complete-count ques-Jtion that asked respondents to identify whether they were of Hispanic ori-Kgin or descent. Persons indicating any one of the four Hispanic categoriesH(i.e., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Hispanic) are collectivelyGreferred to as "persons of Hispanic origin". If, when interviewed, theHperson reported a multiple origin and could not provide a single origin,Ithe origin of the person's mother was used. If a single response was notIprovided for the person's mother, the first reported origin of the personJwas used. Hispanic origin is not a race category, and persons of Hispanicorigin may be of any race.^^&* Retail trade establishments, 1982^+* Retail trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^0* Retail trade sales percent change 1977-1982^.* Retail trade sales per capita, 1982 ($1)^3* Retail trade establishments with payroll, 1982^F* Total sales of retail trade estab with payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^J* Ret. trade estabs w/payroll, Gen Merch. Stores, sales/capita '82 ($1)^L* Retail trade estabs w/payroll, Food Stores, sales per capita, 1982 ($1)^N* Ret trade estabs w/payroll-Apparel & Acces. Stores-sales/capita, '82 ($1)^N* Ret trade estabs w/payroll-Eating & Drinking Stores-sales/capita, 82 ($1)^L* Ret trade estabs w/payroll, paid employees for period including 3/12/82^M* Ret trade establishments with payroll, paid employees % change 1977-1982^C* Retail trade establishments annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^LSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Retail Trade, Geographic!Area Statistics (series RC82-A).^^^KThe 1982 Census of Retail Trade covered retail trade as defined in the 1972LSIC Manual, major groups 52 through 59. It included all establishments pri-Kmarily engaged in selling merchandise for personal or household consumptionLand rendering services incidental to the sale of goods. The census excludedJgovernmental organizations classified in the covered industries except forGliquor stores operated by State and local governments. Data for directKsellers with no paid employees and post exchanges, ship stores, and similarLestablishments operated on military posts by agencies of the Federal Govern-Kment are not included. Establishments that are auxiliary (primary functionKis providing a service, such as warehouses) to retail establishments within(the same organization are not included.^ GThe 1977 and 1982 Censuses of Retail Trade were conducted under similarLconditions and procedures except for the following: (1) The boundaries of aLnumber of areas for which data are shown in the 1982 census are not the sameEas in the 1977 census because of annexations, other boundary changes,Jredefinitions of metropolitan statistical areas, and changes in qualifyingHcriteria since 1977. (2) In 1977 and in prior censuses, data for leasedIdepartments were consolidated with the data for stores in which they wereElocated. In the 1982 census, each leased department was treated as aKseparate establishment and was classified according to the kind of businessLit conducted. (3) In 1977, the census included all retail nonemployer firmsKthat reported a sales volume of $2,500 or more, plus firms in operation forLless than the full year that reported sales which, if projected to an annualIbasis, would have reached a total of $2,500 or more. In the 1982 census,Lnonemployer firms are included if, on an annual basis, they reported a salesKvolume of at least $1,000. Had the 1982 criterion been applied in the 1977HCensus of Retail Trade, and additional 62,000 nonemployers with sales of)$120.6 million would have been included.^ FFor the 1982 Census of Retail Trade, large-and medium size firms, plusJall firms known to operate more than one establishment, were not question-Inaires to be completed and returned to the Bureau by mail. For most veryGsmall firms, including those with no paid employees, data form existingHadministrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead. ForK1982, combined data for all establishments are presented only at the retailDtrade total level for all geographic areas. These data could not beJpublished by kind of business because many nonemployer firms were miscodedIby the Internal Revenue Service into miscellaneous categories rather thanspecific kind of business.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Ged or where services or industrial operations are performed. It is notJnecessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consist ofLone or more establishments under common ownership control. The total estab-Ilishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than a precisemeasurement.^ FFor cases where a census report was received, separate information wasGobtained for each location where business was conducted. When adminis-Gtrative records of other Federal agencies were used instead of a censusIreport, no information was available on the number of locations operated.FEach census report was tabulated according to the physical location at"which the business was conducted.^ HWhen two or more activities were carried on at a single location under aLsingle ownership, all activities generally were grouped together as a singleKestablishment. The entire establishment was classified on the basis of itsImajor activity, and all data for it were included in that classification.LHowever, when distinct and separate economic activities (for which differentHindustry classification codes were appropriate) were conducted under theJsame ownership at a single location, and when conditions prescribed by theLSIC Manual for recognizing the existence of more than one establishment wereHmet, separate establishment reports for each of the different activities were obtained in the census.^ FSales figures represent sales of all establishments in business at anyGtime during 1982. Sales include merchandise sold for cash or credit atIretail and wholesale by establishments primarily engaged in retail trade;Kamounts received from customers for layaway purchases, receipts from rentalIor leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools, etc.; receipts forKdelivery, installation, maintenance, repair, alteration, storage, and otherHservices; and gasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes that areFpaid by the manufacturer or wholesaler and passed on to the retailer.^ ISales are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandiseGreturned by customers. Trade-in allowances are not deducted from totalJsales. Total sales do not include carrying or other credit charges; salesI(or other) taxes collected from customers and forwarded to taxing author-Jities; commissions from vending machine operators; and nonoperating incomeFfrom such sources as investments, rental or sale of real estate, etc.^ JSales do not include retail sales made by manufacturers, wholesalers, ser-Hvice establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is otherthan retail trade.^ GEstablishments with payroll are those establishments that had some paidemployment during 1982.^ KEstablishments covered by the census were assigned kind-of-business classi-Lfications defined in the 1972 SIC Manual. In general, retail establishmentsJwere classified according to the principal lines of commodities sold (gro-Iceries, hardware, etc.) or the usual trade designation (drug store, cigarLstore, etc.). Kind-of-business classifications are not interchangeable withIcommodity classifications; most businesses sell several kinds of commodi-Ities. The kind-of-business code generally reflects either the individualIcommodity or the commodity group that is the primary source of the estab-Klishment's business. Thus, the classification of establishments by kind ofKbusiness generally does not make it possible to determine either the numberFof establishments handling a particular commodity or the sales of that commodity.^ IGeneral merchandise group stores, SIC 53, include retail stores that sellGa number of lines of merchandise, such as dry goods, apparel and acces-Hsories, furniture and home furnishings, small wares, hardware, and food.IThe stores included in this group are known as department stores, variety9stores, general merchandise stores, general stores, etc.^ IFood stores, SIC 54, are establishments primarily engaged in selling foodHfor home preparation and consumption. They include grocery stores; meatKand fish (seafood) markets; fruit stores and vegetable markets; candy, nut,Land confectionery stores; dairy products stores; retail bakeries; and estab-Glishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of specialized foods notLelsewhere classified, such as eggs and poultry, health foods, spices, herbs,coffee, and tea.^ EApparel and accessory stores, SIC 56, include retail stores primarilyKengaged in selling clothing of all kinds and related materials for personalKwear and adornment. Not included are establishments that meet the criteriaFfor department stores or miscellaneous general merchandise stores evenFthough most of their receipts are from the sale of apparel and apparelFaccessories. They consist of men's and boy's clothing and furnishingsEstores; women's ready-to-wear stores; women's accessory and specialtyKstores; children's and infants' wear stores; family clothing stores; men's,Lwomen's, children's and juveniles', and family shoe stores; furriers and furAshops; and establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale ofKspecialized lines of apparel and accessories not elsewhere classified, suchFas uniforms, bathing suits, raincoats, riding apparel, sports apparel,Iumbrellas, wigs, and toupees. Also included are custom tailors primarilyDengaged in making and selling men's and women's clothing (except fur apparel) to individual order.^ IEating and drinking places, SIC 58, include retail establishments sellingKprepared food and drinks for consumption on the premises; they also includeKlunch counters and refreshment stands selling prepared foods and drinks forJimmediate consumption. They consist of restaurants and lunchrooms, socialIcaterers, cafeterias, refreshment places, contract feeding, ice cream andBfrozen custard stands, and drinking places (alcoholic beverages).^ JPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includingLsalaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payroll inGthe pay period including March 12. Included are employees on paid sickJleave, paid holidays, and paid vacations; not included are proprietors and'partners of unincorporated businesses.^ KPayroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commis-Jsions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value of pay-Iments in kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to allFemployees. Tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons andJreported to employers are included. For corporations, it includes amountsKpaid to officers and executives; for unincorporated businesses, it does notJinclude profit or other compensation of proprietors and partners. PayrollIis reported before deductions for social security, income tax, insurance,union dues, etc.^^C* Taxable service industries - establishments with payroll, 1982^O* Taxable service industries - estabs with payroll receipts, 1982, (mil dol)^N* Taxable serv indus, estabs w/payroll recpts, Lodging Places, 82 (mil dol)^N* Taxable serv industries, Health Services except Hospitals, 1982 (mil dol)^M* Taxable serv industries, estabs w/payroll Legal Services, 1982 (mil dol)^M* Taxable serv indus, estabs w/payroll, paid employees thru March 12, 1982^O* Taxable service industries - establishments annual payroll, 1982 (mil dol)^^GSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Service Industries,,Geographic Area Statistics (series SC82-A).^^^KThe 1982 Census of Service Industries covered service industries as definedJin the 1972 SIC Manual, except selected SIC codes. Data shown include theGfollowing SIC codes: 70 (hotels, motels, and other lodging places); 72H(personal services); 73 (business services); 75 (automotive repair, ser-Jvices, and garages); 76 (miscellaneous repair services); 78, 79 (amusementKand recreation services, including motion pictures); 80, except 806 (healthIservices, except hospitals); 81 (legal services); 823, 824, 829 (selectedJeducational services); 891 (engineering, architectural, and surveying ser-Jvices); 893 (accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services); 83, 892, 899J(social and other services). For 1982, only establishments with some pay-Kroll during the year are available. The data in this report do not includeKestablishments that are auxiliary (primary function is providing a service,Lsuch as warehouses) to service establishments within the same organization.^ GFor the 1982 Census of Service Industries, large-and medium-size firms,Fplus all firms known to operate more than one establishment, were sentJquestionnaires to be completed and returned to the Bureau of the Census byHmail. Firms were classified based on Federal income tax filing require-Gments. This classification was based primarily upon the response to anIinquiry on the census questionnaire. Establishments which indicated thatDall or part of their income was exempt from Federal income tax underGprovision of section 501 or 521 of the IRS code were classified as tax-Fexempt; establishments indicating no such exemption were classified asFtaxable. For most very small firms, data from existing administrativeLrecords of other Federal agencies were used instead. These records providedJbasic information on location, kind of business, receipts, payroll, numberIof employees, and legal form of organization. In addition, more detailedFinformation for selected kinds of business was obtained on the variousquestionnaires.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Ged or where services or industrial operations are performed. It is notGnecessarily identical with the company or enterprise, which may consistHof one or more establishments under common ownership control. The totalFestablishment count should be viewed as an approximation rather than aprecise measurement.^ JPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includingIsalaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payrollKin the pay period including March 12, 1982. Included are employees on paidKsick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations. Proprietors and partners of,unincorporated businesses are not included.^ KAnnual payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages,Kcommissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value ofHpayments in-kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year toJall employees. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers andHexecutives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit orJother compensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported beforeHdeductions for Social Security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc.^ HTotal receipts include receipts of all establishments in business at anyGtime during the year. Receipts are the basic dollar volume measure forLservice establishments of firms subject to Federal income tax. They includeIreceipts from customers or clients for services rendered, from the use ofIfacilities, and from merchandise sold during 1982 whether or not paymentJwas received in 1982, except for health practitioners, legal services, andLarchitectural, engineering, and surveying services, which reported on a cashLbasis (payments received in 1982 regardless of when services were rendered).HGasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes, which are paid by theJmanufacturer or wholesaler and included in the cost of goods purchased arealso included.^ LReceipts are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandiseLreturned by customers. Receipts do no include sales, occupancy, admissions,Lor other taxes collected from customers and remitted directly by the firm toGa local, State, or Federal tax agency; nor do they include nonoperatingLincome from such sources as interest, investments, or sale or rental of realestate.^ GReceipts do not include service receipts of manufacturers, wholesalers,Jretail establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity is otherJthan service. They do, however, include receipts other than from servicesJrendered (e.g., sale of merchandise to individuals or other businesses) byIestablishments primarily engaged in performing services and classified inthe service industries.^ HHotels, motels, and other lodging places, SIC 70, include establishmentsIprimarily engaged in providing lodging, or lodging and meals, and campingHfacilities. Hotels that provide accommodations for permanent residents,Ctourist homes, and residential mobile home parks are not included.^ JHealth services, except hospitals, SIC 80, except 806, establishments pri-Imarily engaged in furnishing medical, surgical, and other health servicesJto persons. Associations or groups primarily engaged in providing medicalJor other health services to members are included, but those that only pro-Ivide insurance covering hospitalization or medical costs are not includedhere.^ HLegal services, SIC 81, include establishments engaged in offering legalLadvice or legal services, the head or heads of which are members of the bar.LAssociations of lawyers formed solely for the sharing of expenses (includingKpayroll) and not for the purpose of jointly practicing their profession areHalso included. Receipts are not applicable for these associations sinceGtheir operations are funded by reimbursements from member firms and notLconsidered operating receipts for legal services provided. Neither are suchJentities considered separate operating establishments; however, their pay-Kroll and employment data are included. Nonprofit legal services (including*legal aid societies) are classified here.^^* Births, 1984^:* Percent of births to mothers under 20 years old, 1984^&* Births per 1,000 population, 1984^* Deaths, 1984^%* Infant deaths under 1 year, 1984^&* Deaths per 1,000 population, 1984^;* Infant deaths under 1 year per 1,000 live births, 1984^^MSOURCE: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the?United States, Vol. I, Natality, and Vol. II, Mortality, 1984.^^^EThrough the National Vital Statistics System, the National Center forIHealth Statistics collects and publishes data on births and deaths in theIUnited States. Fetal deaths are classified and tabulated separately fromFother deaths. The Division of Vital Statistics obtains information onGbirths and deaths from the registration offices of all States, New York$City, and the District of Columbia.^ JIn most areas, practically all births and deaths are registered. The mostLrecent test of the completeness of birth registration, conducted on a sampleJof births from 1964 to 1968, showed that 99.3 percent of all births in theLUnited States during that period were registered. No comparable informationJis available for deaths, but it is generally believed that death registra-Ition in the United States is at least as complete as birth registration.^ KBirth and death statistics are limited to events occurring during the year.KThe data are by place of residence and exclude events occurring to nonresi-Ldents of the United States. Births and deaths that occur outside the UnitedStates are excluded.^ IBirth and death rates represent the number of births and deaths per 1,0002resident population estimated as of July 1, 1984.^ IFigures for infant deaths include deaths of children under 1 year of age;Fthey exclude fetal deaths. Infant death rates represent the deaths of0infants under 1 year old per 1,000 live births.^^)* Wholesale trade establishments, 1982^.* Wholesale trade sales, 1982 ($1,000,000)^K* Wholesale trade paid employees for pay period including March 12, 1982^7* Wholesale trade annual payroll, 1982 ($1,000,000)^^DSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade,,Geographic Area Statistics (series WC82-A).^^^HThe 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade covered wholesale trade as defined inJthe 1972 SIC Manual. It included all establishments with one or more paidJemployees primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to indus-Jtrial, commercial, institutional, farm, or professional users; or to otherLwholesalers. Companies selling products to which they are entitled, as wellIas those acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or sellingGmerchandise to others are included. Two major industry groups, durableJgoods and nondurable goods, are classified in wholesale trade. Their two-Hdigit SIC code numbers are 50 and 51, respectively. The census includedLwholesale liquor warehouses operated by State and local governments. Exclu-Fded were warehouses and other units that serviced or were auxiliary to7wholesale establishments within the same organization.^ LAn establishment is a single physical location at which business is conduct-Led. It is not necessarily identical with a company or enterprise, which mayJconsist of one or more establishments. The count of establishments repre-5sents the number in business at the end of the year.^ FSales figures represent sales of all establishments in business at anyGtime during 1982. Sales include merchandise sold for cash or credit atLwholesale and retail by establishments primarily engaged in wholesale trade;Kreceipts from rental or leasing of vehicles, equipment, instruments, tools,Ketc.; receipts for delivery, installation, maintenance, repair, alteration,Lstorage, and other services; and gasoline, liquor, tobacco, and other exciseHtaxes that are paid by the manufacturer and passed on to the wholesaler.KSales figures do not include wholesale sales made by manufacturers, retail-Jers, service establishments, or other businesses whose primary activity isIother than wholesale trade. They do include receipts other than from theGsale of merchandise at wholesale (e.g., service receipts, retail sales,>etc.) by establishments primarily engaged in wholesale trade.^ ISales are net after deductions for refunds and allowances for merchandiseGreturned by customers. Trade-in allowances are not deducted from totalJsales. Total sales do not include carrying or other credit charges; salesI(or other) taxes collected from customers and forwarded to taxing author-Jities; and nonoperating income from such sources as investments, rental orsale of real estate, etc.^ JPaid employees consist of the full-time and part-time employees, includingIsalaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payrollFin the pay period including March 12, 1982. Included are employees onJpaid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations. Proprietors and part-4ners of unincorporated businesses are not included.^ KAnnual payroll includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages,Kcommissions, bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and the value ofLpayments in-kind (e.g., free meals and lodgings) paid during the year to allLemployees. For corporations, it includes amounts paid to officers and exec-Jutives; for unincorporated businesses, it does not include profit or otherKcompensation of proprietors or partners. Payroll is reported before deduc-Ctions for Social Security, income tax, insurance, union dues, etc.^^^* Population, 1980^* Population, 1986^+* Population percent change, 1980 - 1986^^KSOURCE: The Bureau of the Census: 1980 Census of Population and Housing.^^^CThe population estimates contained in this report were developed byGaveraging the results of two methods, both of which use current data to-estimate population change since April 1980.^ LThe Census Bureau's Composite method estimates two age segments--the popula-Ition under 15 years of age and the household population 15 to 64 years ofFage. The under-15 age group is obtained by using vital statistics andJschool enrollment to estimate migration in a component procedure. For theLhousehold population 15 to 64 years old, the method employs a Ratio-Correla-Etion technique in which a multiple correlation estimating equation isIapplied to the changes in three independent variables (federal income taxIreturns, school enrollment, and housing units) to estimate changes in the population.^ KThe second method (the Administrative Records method) is a component proce-Ldure that estimated the household population under 65 years of age. In thisGmethod, net internal migration is estimated using individual income taxKreturns, immigration from abroad is developed from immigration reports, andDreported vital statistics are used to account for natural increase.^ GPopulation estimates and projections are published in the P-25 and P-26Jseries of Current Population Reports. These estimates and projections areFgenerally consistent with official decennial census figures and do not:reflect the amount of estimated census under-enumeration.^ IData on total persons for 1986 are based on resident population estimatedas of July 1, 1986.^ BFigures on total persons for 1980 are based on a complete, or 100-6percent, count of the population as of April 1, 1980.^ __________^^"* Money income per capita, 1979^"* Money income per capita, 1985^8* Money income percent change per capita, 1979 - 1985^^JSOURCE: The Bureau of the Census: 1980 Census of Population and Housing^^^ITotal money income is defined by the Bureau of the Census for statisticalHpurposes as the sum of the following: wage or salary income; net nonfarmLself-employment income, net farm self-employment income; Social Security andLrailroad retirement income; public assistance income; and all other regular-Hly received income such as interest, dividends, veterans' payments, pen-Gsions, unemployment compensation, and alimony. Receipts not counted asKincome include various "lump sum" payments such as capital gains or inheri-Itances. The total represents the amount of income received before deduc-Gtions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, unionIdues, Medicare deductions, etc. Receipts from the following sources wereHnot included as income: Money received from the sale of property (unlessHthe recipient was engaged in the business of selling such property); theLvalue of income "in kind" (such as free living quarters or food produced andGconsumed in the home); withdrawal of bank deposits; money borrowed; taxJrefunds; exchange of money between relatives living in the same household;!and gifts and lump-sum receipts.^ >CyberSoft, Inc. wishes to thank the Department of Commerce andAthe Bureau of the Census for their cooperation and support in the>development of StatMaster: 1988 County and City Data. Special<thanks go to David Shaw, Bill King and Wanda Cevis for their(review of early revisions of StatMaster.
