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- This is a series of four images of the K fragment in the 7.7 micron
- methane region at a resolution of 9000 using KEGS on the Kuiper Airborne
- Observatory. In each image, wavelength increases from 7.685 to
- 7.722 microns from left to right. The y axis represents a long-slit
- spatial cut through Jupiter. From top to bottom, these images were
- taken at UT= 10:28, 10:39, 10:53, and 11:04. The fireball is clearly
- evident in the second image; the methane emission increased by about
- a factor of 25 compared to the pre-impact emission (top image).
-
- The spatial scale is 4"/pixel. Our point spread function is ~7" due to
- motion of the airborne telescope. The brightness contours range from 1
- to 43 arbitrary units in steps of 2.
-
- The 7.7 micron region is a sensitive thermometer of the jovian stratosphere
- sounding levels between 1 microbar and 10 millibars, far above the visible
- clouds. This region is totally blocked by methane in the Earth's atmosphere -
- it cannot be observed from ground-based telescopes. The KAO is the only
- observatory capable of investigating this spectral region.
-
- The high spectral resolution of the KEGS instrument reveals individual
- emission lines of C-12 and C-13 CH4. At least 2 unknown emission lines
- were observed in the spectrum of the fireball. These may be due to high
- excitation states of CH4 or due to a different species altogether.
-
- An important objective of our KAO investigation is to determine the level
- at which the cometary fragments exploded. We had 2 water channels (at 22.6
- and 23.9 microns) in addition to the temperature channel at 7.7 microns.
- We alternated between these 3 grating positions throughout the flight. The
- 7.7 micron results are presented here because of the dramatic nature of the
- data. The 2 water channels are more difficult to interpret. The continuum is
- produced by pressure-induced H2 opacity which sounds the temperature of the
- upper troposphere (~200 millibars). The continuum was observed to change by
- a small amount, but this may be entirely due to changes in viewing geometry
- during the observations. There was no dramatic change in either the continuum
- level or in the depth of the water lines. Subtle changes will have to be
- investigated carefully. Our extremely preliminary examination of the water
- data suggest the following: the explosion did not take place at the 10 bar
- level on Jupiter. Otherwise we would have seen strong H2O emission lines in
- each of our 2 water channels due to the transport of water vapor in a rising
- plume. Second, the bulk of the energy was not deposited near the 200-millibar
- level; otherwise, the continuum level at 22.6 and 23.9 microns would have
- increased dramatically.
-
- Our positive detection of enhanced CH4 emission and the non-detection of
- jovian water and non-detection of elevated temperatures at 200 millibars
- suggest that the explosion of the G and K fragments took place in the
- stratosphere. We emphasize that these results are very preliminary as we
- have looked at only a small fraction of our spectra in a hangar at the
- airport in Melbourne, Australia after an exhausting series of flights.
-
- We would like to thank everyone associated with the KAO as well as our
- hosts in Australia for a successful flight program.
-
- Gordon Bjoraker (NASA/GSFC)
- Terry Herter, Susan Stolovy, George Gull, and Bruce Pirger (Cornell Univ)
-
-