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Wimp a FORTRAN subroutine library for Wimp handling 30 Jan 1992 ************************************************************************ C O P Y R I G H T N O T I C E Copyright D.J & K.M. Crennell, P.O. Box 64, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0TH. This software is in the Public Domain and may not be sold or included in any program that will be sold, without written permission from the authors. The authors must be given credit in any publications using this software. The software may be copied and distributed as long as no changes are made and this copyright notice is included. Please send any suggested improvements to the authors. In no circumstances shall the authors be liable for any damage, loss of profits, or any indirect or consequential loss arising out of the use of this software or inability to use this software, even if they have been advised of the possibility of such loss. The authors do their best to ensure that this library is distributed virus free. ************************************************************************ The source of this library is assembler, and is not included. The library is %.lib.Wimp **** Note the calling sequence to WMPI has changed on 26 Jan 1992 **** This writeup is a description of the routines available; it does not show you how to write a Wimp program. For such a tutorial, try one of the many Archimedes oriented magazines which have series of articles on "programming the wimp". These are usually in the Basic language, but the ideas are immediately applicable to Fortran using this wimp library. Notes: 1) This library has a set of routines corresponding exactly to the Wimp SWIs, and also some utilities to simplify their use. 2) All subroutine names begin WMP (unless the routine is a utility). 3) the remaining characters are the capital letters of the corresponding SWI. They are listed alphabetically except that the utilities are listed at the end. 4) All arguments are of type INTEGER*4 except for a few CHARACTER variables which are shown in lower case. In the descriptions CHARACTER variables are enclosed in quotes. You may assume that they are input to the routine unless otherwise stated. 5) Errors in the Wimp Library and normal fortran runtime errors are displayed in the standard wimp error window. Clicking on 'Cancel' stops the job; clicking on 'OK' returns control to the program at the point where WMPP (Wimp_Poll) was called for the first time. For this reason it is important that the polling loop is all in the same routine which also calls WMPCD (Wimp_CloseDown). Subroutines may be called from within the polling loop. E.g. .... 10 CALL WMPP(1,IBLOC,IREASN) IF (IREASN.EQ.3) CALL WMPCW(IBLOC(1)) IF (IREASN.EQ.6) CALL BUTTON etc. .... IF(.NOT.QUIT) GO TO 10 CALL WMPCD .... 6) Terminating a program with END or STOP will call WMPCD (Wimp_CloseDown) implicitly, though it is not good practice to leave out the explicit call. Terminating with STOP 'text' will do the same, but then display a standard text window showing STOP: 'text' and the usual request to press space or click the mouse to continue. 7) Communication with the WIMP is usually through the array IBLOC which will often require individual bytes to be set up. The length of IBLOC is specified in the writeup whenever it is used. 8) The first line for each description contains the subroutine name, with arguments, the exact spelling of the SWI and the page reference in Vol III of the PRM. 9) A Fortran utility, SAVEBX, for creating and using Drag Boxes is included in the test file TWimp. It has 2 entry points, SAVEMN, to create the menu window with its sprite, and SAVEBX to make the file and save it to your chosen directory. See the comments in TWimp for further details. 10) Standard OS units are always used for the graphics coordinates. ******************* S W I R o u t i n e s ********************* WMPBC(IWHAND,IX,IY,MX,MY,JX,JY) ; SWI Wimp_BlockCopy 1273 Copies the rectangular area within the window with handle IWHAND. IX,IY is the lower left corner of the area to be copied MX,MY is the upper right JX,JY is the lower left corner of the area to which it is copied. The coordinates are relative to the window's work area. WMPBOS(IROM,IRMA) ; SWI Wimp_BaseOfSprites 1272 Returns the addresses of the two areas which make up the Wimp Sprite pool. IROM is the address of the ROM based sprites IRMA is the address of the RAM based sprites It is possible to use these in Fortran! E.g. DIMENSION KB(1) CALL WMPBOS(IROM,IRMA) C get the index to IROM in array KB J=(IROM-LOC(KB))/4+1 C print the first two words of the Sprite block PRINT *,'Size ',KB(J),', # sprites ',KB(J+1) WMPCD ; SWI Wimp_CloseDown 1241 This closes down the wimp task at the end of the job. WMPCFM ; SWI Wimp_ClaimFreeMemory 1279 Unfortunately the memory can only be accessed in "Supervisor mode" (SVC) and so can not be used by fortran programs. These run in "User mode" only. Hence this routine is not provided in the library. WMPCI(IBLOC,IHANDL) ; SWI Wimp_CreateIcon 1180 Creates an icon in a window from the information you supply in IBLOC; this is 36 bytes (9 words) long. The first word contains the window handle where the icon is to go, or -2 for left end of the icon bar, -1 for the right. The remaining 8 words are called the 'icon block' and contain information on the dimensions of the icon, its colours, its text and flags. IHANDL is the returned icon handle (unique within a window). WMPCLW(IHANDL) ; SWI Wimp_CloseWindow 1191 Closes the window IHANDL WMPCM(MBLOC,IX,IY) ; SWI Wimp_CreateMenu 1226 Displays a menu tree from: MBLOC: an array containing the menu; this is 7 words long plus 6 words for each menu entry. MBLOC can be made most easily using the WMPMNU utility below. If the first or only word of MBLOC is -1, all active menus will be closed. IX,IY: is the top left corner (in screen coordinates) of where you want to put the menu. WMPCOW(IOPER) ; SWI Wimp_CommandWindow 1280 Opens a text window for normal VDU 4 type printing. IOPER = LOCC(...) pointer to a null terminated CHARACTER string to be used as a title for the window = 1 print wimp error reports textually; = 0 close text window with 'Press SPACE or click mouse...' comment; =-1 close text window immediately. WMPCRW(IBLOC,IHANDL) ; SWI Wimp_CreateWindow 1174 Creates a wimp window from the information in IBLOC; this is usually 88 bytes (22 words) long and contains all the information on the dimensions of the window, its colours, its title and flags. It does not actually display the window, just sets it up. IHANDL is the returned handle for the window. WMPCSM(ISUBM,IX,IY) ; SWI Wimp_CreateSubMenu 1270 This allows a sub-menu to be created in other ways than the usual one of moving to the right over a menu arrow. (See also PRM 1253 on the menu warning message). ISUBM is the address of the array containing the submenu information. (Note, this is not the array itself, but a pointer to it). IX,IY are the coordinates of the top left of the menu. These 3 arguments are normally those returned in words 6, 7 & 8 of the WimpPoll block when issuing the message (type ?I0400C0) that the pointer is moving over the menu arrow. WMPCT ; SWI Wimp_CloseTemplate 1237 Closes currently open template file (if any). WMPDB(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_DragBox 1216 Initiates a dragging operation. IBLOC is 14 words long. IBLOC(1) usually contains the window handle, but if it is set negative, then the drag is cancelled. E.g. CALL WMPDB(-1) IBLOC(2) contains the drag type (1 to 11) and controls what is needed in the other words, see PRM 1216. WMPDI(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_DeleteIcon 1189 Deletes an icon definition. IBLOC(1) : the window handle (-1 or -2 for icon bar) IBLOC(2) : the icon handle WMPDM(MBLOC,LIST,string,LEN) ; SWI Wimp_DecodeMenu 1231 Textually describes the entries of a selected menu tree. MBLOC : the top level menu LIST : the array of selections as returned by WimpPoll reason 9. It returns: string: the information as a CHARACTER variable with the entries separated by '.' ('string' must be defined sufficiently large) LEN : the length of string WMPDW(IWHAND) ; SWI Wimp_DeleteWindow 1188 Closes the window with handle IWHAND, and removes its definition and all the icons belonging to it. WMPFR(IHANDL,IX,IY,MX,MY) ; SWI Wimp_ForceRedraw 1221 Marks a rectangle as invalid so that the wimp will ask for it to be redrawn. IHANDL: the window handle, or -1 will force the whole screen to be redrawn. IX,IY : the bottom left corner MY,MY : the top right corner, (in window work area coordinates) WMPGCP(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetCaretPosition 1225 Returns details of the caret's state in IBLOC(1) to IBLOC(6). WMPGIS(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetIconState 1213 This returns the 'icon block' (see WMPCI) of an icon IBLOC(1) : the window handle IBLOC(2) : the icon handle (they are not changed by WMPGIS) It returns the icon block in IBLOC(3) to IBLOC(10), hence IBLOC is 10 words long, WMPGPI(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetPointerInfo 1214 Returns the following mouse information in IBLOC (5 words long) 1. Mouse X 2. Mouse Y 3. Which buttons are pressed 4. Window handle (=-1 for background, =-2 for Icon bar) 5. Icon handle (if negative it refers to one of the control icons around the periphery of the window; see PRM 1215) WMPGR(IBLOC,MORE) ; SWI Wimp_GetRectangle 1208 Used when the Wimp needs help drawing a part of a window. It has the same arguments as WMPRW. IBLOC(1) : the window handle It returns IBLOC(2) to IBLOC(11) defining the area to be redrawn MORE : =0 for no more to draw, <>0 requesting filling of the area WMPGWI(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetWindowInfo 1210 Gets the whole window block including any icons which have been included in it. Set DIMENSION IBLOC(0:N) where N = 22 + 8 * (Number of icons) IBLOC(0) : Window handle It returns: IBLOC( 1) to IBLOC(22) standard window information (defined in PRM p1174) IBLOC(23) to IBLOC(30) first icon block (defined in PRM p1180) and similar blocks for other icons WMPGWO(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetWindowOutline 1245 Determines the bounding box of a window. DIMENSION IBLOC(5) IBLOC(1) : the window handle It returns IBLOC(2),IBLOC(3) : the bottom left corner of the window IBLOC(4),IBLOC(5) : the top right corner of the window both in screen coordinates WMPGWS(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_GetWindowState 1209 Finds the current state of a window. DIMENSION IBLOC(9) IBLOC(1) : the window handle It returns IBLOC(2) to IBLOC(9) describing the window state. The first 8 words of IBLOC are then exactly in the format required to open the window using WMPOW(IBLOC). WMPI(title,ITHAND) ; SWI Wimp_Initialise 1173 Starts the Wimp task and turns on the pointer title : CHARACTER string (the name used in the Application Task display) It returns: ITHAND : the task handle WMPLT(IWB,ICONS,L,IFONT,name,IP) ; SWI Wimp_LoadTemplate 1238 Loads a window definition from the template file which has been opened with WMPOT. name : (CHARACTER*12), the window name to search for. It may have 'wildcards' and will be updated to the actual name found. It must therefore be a variable, and not be text between quotes. If it has less than 12 significant characters, it should be null terminated, BUT the character variable MUST be 12 long because WMPLT always returns 12 characters of the new name. IP : the position in the file to start the search. Set this to 0 initially to start at the beginning. It will be updated to point to the next entry after the one found, or will remain 0 if none are found. IFONT: = -1 if no font reference information is required or an array of 64 words, all initialised to zero, for font reference information It returns: IWB : an array giving the window definition. It must be 22 words long, + 8 for each icon. ICONS: an array of length L for the indirected icons. The subroutine updates L to be the length of the unused space in ICONS after the icon text has been loaded. It should be long enough to contain the text of all the indirected icons in the window. IFONT: is a 64 word font reference array. WMPOT(name) ; SWI Wimp_OpenTemplate 1236 Open the template file name : (CHARACTER) the file path name WMPOW(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_OpenWindow 1190 Makes a window 'active' (displayed). IBLOC : 8 word array describing the state of the window which are best set up using WMPGWS. The first word is the window handle, and the rest describe the current dimensions. WMPP(MASK,IBLOC,IRSN) ; SWI Wimp_Poll 1192 Steers the whole wimp operation after the creation of windows, icons and menus; it should be called at the start of an infinite loop. MASK : set of bits which can stop the Wimp polling for some of the possible 'reasons'. It returns: IRSN : the reason why it requires some help (e.g. drawing stuff in a window) IBLOC: an array of parameters for the task which needs doing. The longest arrays returned can be messages containing an indefinite length path name which starts in word 12. If you are not doing any data transfer message protocols, (file drags etc.), then an array of 10 words is sufficient. WMPPK(KEY) ; SWI Wimp_ProcessKey 1240 Passes the ASCII character KEY to the Wimp. This should be done if the task receives a Key_Press signal (8) in its WimpPoll, and does not want to process the key press itself. WMPPLI(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_PlotIcon 1248 Plots an icon in a window during a redraw or update. IBLOC is an 8 word array containing the usual icon spatial information, flags and data (see PRM 1180 et seq.). WMPPOI(MASK,IBLOC,IRSN,ITIME) ; SWI Wimp_PollIdle 1246 This is the same as WMPP, except that it does not return until ITIME centiseconds have passed for a null event. This is useful if you want to update some information infrequently without wasting Wimp time. WMPRE(IERR,errtxt,IFLAG,name,IREPT) ; SWI Wimp_ReportError 1243 This produces the familiar red triangle warning window. IERR : is your error number; errtxt: is your error description (CHARACTER <232 bytes); IFLAG : is a 7-bit word which controls what icons are displayed. Set bit 0(1) to turn on the OK(Cancel) boxes. The rest of the bits are explained in detail on page 1244 of the PRM; name : is a title for the application (CHARACTER <20 bytes) IREPT : is returned: 0 if no click, 1 if 'OK' selected, and 2 if 'Cancel'. WMPRP(IRED,IGREEN,IBLUE) ; SWI Wimp_ReadPalette 1251 Gets the Wimp palette colours. It returns: IRED : an array of 20 words giving the red part of the palette. The colours have values between 0 and 255; normally only multiples of 16 are used. IGREEN : a similar array of green colours IBLUE : a similar array of blue colours The first 16 words of each array are the normal wimp colour definitions (see WMPSC). The last four contain the border colour and the three pointer colours. WMPRPT(ISTYP,ISB,name,ISCALE,ITRANS) ; SWI Wimp_ReadPixTrans 1277 Reads the pixel translation table for a sprite. ISTYP tells where the sprite is: =-1: sprite is in system area, 'name' must be defined =0 : sprite is in wimp area, 'name' must be defined or it can be a user sprite array ISB tells where the sprite is stored (only for user sprites) =0 : sprite is defined by 'name' >0 : byte displacement of the sprite in the user sprite array ('name' is ignored) name : CHARACTER name of the sprite (ignored if ISB>0, but should be set to ' ') It returns: ISCALE (array length 4) the scale factors: (1), (2) = x,y multiplication factors (3), (4) = x,y division factors ITRANS (array of maximum size 4) the colour translations as up to 16 bytes. (Note that sprites can not have 256 colours). WMPRSI(ITEM,IVAL) ; SWI Wimp_ReadSysInfo 1284 Gets Wimp system information ITEM : =0 get the number of active tasks. No other items of information have yet been defined by Acorn. It returns: IVAL : value of the information required (the number of active tasks). WMPRW(IBLOC,MORE) ; SWI Wimp_RedrawWindow 1204 When WMPP returns reason code 1 (redraw window), call WMPRW first to find out what has to be done. IBLOC(1) : the window handle It returns IBLOC(2) to IBLOC(11) : information about the window, and which area is to be drawn. (A graphics window will have been set for the area, so you can draw your whole screen and it will do no harm.) MORE : = 0 if there is no more to draw : <>0 requests that the area defined by IBLOC be filled. Having filled in the required area, find if there is any more to be filled by CALLing WMPGR with the same arguments; MORE =0 when there are none left and the redrawing is complete. WMPSC(IACT,ICOL,IBAK) ; SWI Wimp_SetColour 1252 Sets the colour for drawing in a normal window. It uses the standard Wimp colours. IACT : the GCOL action (must be between 0 and 7) (PRM p247) ICOL : the colour (must be between 0 and 15) IBAK : 0 to define the foreground and 1 the background colour The GCOL actions are: 0: plot with the colour 1: OR the colour with the screen 2: AND the colour with the screen 3: EOR the colour with the screen 4: invert the current colour 5: no change to the screen 6: AND the screen with the complement of the colour 7: OR the screen with the complement of the colour The standard Wimp colours (PRM 1147) are: 0: White - through grey scale to - 7: Black 8: Dark Blue 9: Yellow 10: Green 11: Red 12: Cream 13: Army green 14: Orange 15: Light Blue In 256 colour modes use standard graphics subroutine GCOLT(IACT,ICOL,ITNT64), but don't play with VDU19. WMPSCP(IWHAND,IIHAND,IX,IY,IH,INDEX) ; SWI Wimp_SetCaretPosition 1223 Moves or removes the caret. IWHAND: window handle (-1 turns off caret) IIHAND: icon handle (-1 if none) (IX,IY): offset of caret (relative to work area origin) IH: height of caret (-1 means calculate IX,IY,IH from handles and INDEX) INDEX: position in string (-1 means calculate IH & INDEX from handles, IX & IY) WMPSE(IWHAND,IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_SetExtent 1233 Resets the work area of window IWHAND : window handle IBLOC is an array of dimension 4 IBLOC(1),IBLOC(2) are the coordinates of the bottom left corner IBLOC(3),IBLOC(4) are the coordinates of the top right corner usually these will be (0, -ysize, xsize, 0) WMPSFC(ICFOR,ICBAC) ; SWI Wimp_SetFontColours 1285 Set the anti-aliased font colours ICFOR : foreground logical colour ICBAC : background logical colour The edges of the characters will be shaded with the range of logical colours from the background to the foreground. WMPSIS(IBLOC) ; SWI Wimp_SetIconState 1211 Changes an icon's flags (PRM 1181). The parameters are entered in an array IBLOC of dimension 4. IBLOC(1) : window handle (-1 or -2 for icon bar) IBLOC(2) : icon handle IBLOC(3) : EOR word IBLOC(4) : clear word The bits in the icon flags word are changed in the following way: firstly, all bits in the flag word corresponding to the bits in the 'clear word' you supply are cleared; then all bits in the flag word corresponding to the bits in the 'EOR word' you supply have their state changed. WMPSMD(MODE) ; SWI Wimp_SetMode 1249 Sets the Wimp mode to MODE WMPSMG(IREASN,IBLOC,IHAND,IIHAND) ; SWI Wimp_SendMessage 1253 Sends a message to another wimp user IREASN : the purpose of the message (see PRM 1253) IBLOC : an array of information being sent; the longest messages are about filenames, when the full filename starts in IBLOC(12) IHAND defines where the message is to be sent and may be: a) a task handle b) a window handle c) 0 to send the message to all tasks d) -2 for the icon bar, when IIHAND must contain the icon handle (otherwise IIHAND is ignored) WMPSO(ITYP,name,IPAR) ; SWI Wimp_SpriteOp 1271 Does SpriteOps on Wimp sprites (see PRM 393 et seq. for OS_SpriteOp definitions). ITYP is the SpriteOp type (currently allowed in the range 14 to 59); name is the CHARACTER name of the sprite, it is not updated; IPAR is an array of 5 words used as registers 3 to 7 which are the arguments used in the SpriteOp. You may find it less confusing to DIMENSION IPAR(3:7) when the index of IPAR is the same as the register number. WMPSP(IRED,IGREEN,IBLUE) ; SWI Wimp_SetPalette 1250 Sets the Wimp palette colours. IRED : an array of 20 words giving the red part of the palette. The colours have values between 0 and 255, and on the screen, only multiples of 16 are significant. IGREEN : a similar array of green colours IBLUE : a similar array of blue colours The first 16 words of each array are the normal wimp colour definitions (see WMPSC). The last four contain the border colour and the three pointer colours. WMPSPS(NSHAPE,IBPTR,IW,IH,IX,IY) ; SWI Wimp_SetPointerShape 1234 Redefines the mouse pointer shape. NSHAPE : shape number (=0: pointer off, =1: default arrow, =2: alternative) IBPTR : address of the array of pixels describing the pointer (E.g. LOC(IBPIX) where the array IBPIX contains the pixels ), or -1 for no change in pointer shape. IW,IH : width and height of the pointer in pixels IX,IY : offset in pixels of the active point to the top left of pointer WMPSS(NSCS,NSNS,ISCS,ISNS,ISFP) ; SWI Wimp_SlotSize 1275 Used to change the current or next Wimp slot size (in bytes) NSCS : new size required for current slot (-1 to read size only) NSNS : new size required for next slot (-1 to read size only) It returns: ISCS : the (new) current slot size ISNS : the (new) next slot size size ISFP : the (new) size of the free pool WMPST(commnd) ; SWI Wimp_StartTask 1242 commnd is a CHARACTER string containing a command which will cause a Wimp program to be executed, e.g. 'BASIC -quit MyProg' will run the Basic program "MyProg" WMPTB(IHS,KSB,IHD,KDB,L) ; SWI Wimp_TransferBlock 1283 This transfers the contents of a block of memory from one task to another. IHS : the task handle of the sending task KSB : the byte address of the block to be sent IHD : the task handle of the destination task KDB : the byte address for receiving the block L : the length of the block in bytes Note that the KSB and KDB are byte addresses and not arrays or CHARACTER variables, so you may need to use LOC or LOCC to define them. WMPTC(ICOL) ; SWI Wimp_TextColour 1282 Sets text colour for VDU 4 type output in special text windows (see WMPCOW). ICOL should be in the range 0 to 15 for foreground colours, and have 128 added for background colours. WMPUW(IBLOC,MORE) ; SWI Wimp_UpdateWindow 1206 Similar to WMPRW, but can be called anytime to update any part of the window you like. Supply the window handle and the area to be updated in IBLOC : the window handle and the area to be updated (11 words) It returns: IBLOC : the area requested by the wimp } see WMPRW MORE : whether more updating is required } .. .. WMPWI(IWHAND,IBLOC,MASK,IBITS) ; SWI Wimp_WhichIcon 1232 This finds which icons in a window have flags with certain bits set IWHAND : the window handle MASK : mask determining which bits in the icon flags are to be tested IBITS : the bit pattern (within the mask) to be satisfied by the icon flags It returns which icons satisfy these requirements as: IBLOC : an array of icon handles terminated with -1 Hence IBLOC should have a dimension greater than the number of icons in the window. ******************* U T I L I T I E S ********************* FUNCTION IWMPCI(IWHAND,IX,IY,IW,IH,IFLAG,text,valid) This function simplifies calling Wimp_CreateIcon and returns the icon handle. IWHAND is the handle of the window to contain the icon. (IX,IY) is the position of the bottom left corner of the icon in the window reference frame with origin at the top left. Hence IX should be >0 and IY should be <0. (IW,IH) is the width and height of the icon. For text, IW is ~20 + 16 x number of letters in the icon and IH is usually +48. IFLAG contains the icon flags which determine the colours, centering, borders, selection group etc. (See PRM page 1181.) Bit 8 will always be set because the names are always addressed indirectly. As an example, try IFLAG=?I0800B13D which gives a blue text sprite which responds to being clicked over. Bits 0 of IFLAG is set for a text icon and bit 1 for a sprite icon. Both can be set at the same time. 'text' is a CHARACTER variable with a dummy last character; it must not be a text string enclosed in quotes because the last character will be overwritten with a null. It contains the text of a 'text icon' if bit zero of IFLAG is set, or the sprite name if it is a 'sprite only' icon (bit 1 of IFLAG set, and bit 0 unset). N.B. for writeable text icons, the length of the character variable you give defines the maximum length of the icon. 'valid' is a CHARACTER variable with a dummy last character; it must not be a text string enclosed in quotes because the last character will be overwritten with a null character. It is the 'validation string' for a text icon, or the sprite name for a sprite + text icon; see PRM 1184. FUNCTION IWMPCW(IX,IY,IW,ID,MAXW,MAXD,title,IWF) This function simplifies calling Wimp_CreateWindow and returns the window handle. (IX,IY) is the top left hand corner of the window in screen coordinates (IW,ID) is the width and depth of the displayed window (MAXW,MAXD) is maximum size of window (if < IW,ID then IW,ID will be used). Note, the depths are measured downwards and are positive, whereas the IY is measured upwards from (0,0) at the bottom left of the screen. 'title' (CHARACTER variable) is the title text. Note, 'title' must be a CHARACTER variable (not a literal enclosed in quotes) because IWMPCW will overwrite the last character with a null control code. So put a spare character on the end! IWF window flags. These control how the window looks, (see PRM page 1175), e.g. for a normal window into which you want to write or draw things try ?IFF00000F, and if the window only contains icons which the wimp will draw, use ?IFF00001F. SUBROUTINE WMPMNU(MBLOC,title,list,N) Create a menu block in MBLOC from CHARACTER*12 'title' and 'list' of N menu entries. This block should then be used in WMPCM to open a menu window. Fancy effects like menu trees or underlined entries have to be done by correcting the MBLOC entries before opening the menu, (PRM 1226). MBLOC must be of length 6*N+7. Here is a trivial example: PARAMETER (N=2) DIMENSION MBLOC(7+6*N) CHARACTER*12 TITLE,LIST(N) DATA TITLE/'Menu'/,LIST/'Example','Quit'/ CALL WMPMNU(MBLOC,TITLE,LIST,N) SUBROUTINE WMPC2H(text,IHOLL) Transfers CHARACTER*(*) text to INTEGER IHOLL(*), terminating with a 'null'. SUBROUTINE WMPH2C(IHOLL,text,LENGTH) Transfers characters from INTEGER IHOLL(*) (control terminated) to CHARACTER*(*) text. Returns length of string in IHOLL in LENGTH. Control characters are in the range 0 - 31. Normally text(1:LENGTH) will contain the string and text(LENGTH+1:LENGTH+1) the control character. However if the length is too big for 'text', the excess characters will not be transferred. *** N.B. check LENGTH against the size of 'text' to make sure all has been transferred. *** SUBROUTINE WMPTXT(IX,IY,text) Prints text (CHARACTER variable) at graphics location IX,IY. This is like WOG in the graphics library, but should be used for printing in windows in the Wimp environment.