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- From: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org
- Newsgroups: talk.politics.space
- Subject: Re: Re: More Soyuz as ACRV
- X-Sender: newtout 0.06 Jan 3 1993
- Message-ID: <332610d4e@ofa123.fidonet.org>
- Date: 26 Jan 93 22:32:02
- Lines: 82
-
- Hi David!
-
- >Needless to say, I have some questions about your stated
- >assumptions:
- >
- >It has not ever been tested in orbit for 3 years.
- True -- but Soyuz systems (or so I have been told) have been
- ground tested in environmental tests over several years. (That's
- supposedly where the 3 years cert data from the Russians came from -
- - according to the NASA documentation on Soyuz). I don't think an
- orbital test is really called for here as the problem is the thermal
- cycling of the specific quality of hydrazine in a sealed container
- under those thermal conditions for x number of cycles. Zero gravity
- isn't a driver for the fuel degradation, from what I've seen.
- Running a new set of cert and qual life tests on a sealed Soyuz
- propulsion system is something I expect anyone proposing a Soyuz
- launch in the shuttle will propose. And it ought to be fairly cheap
- -- I'd ROM it at a $1M or so.
-
- > There are other factors besides the fuel lines in limited the life
- >of a Soyuz in orbit
- True as well -- but you had focused your discussion on the fuel
- line issue of the discussion in your previous posting, so I only
- addressed that. From your original posting:
- DA> Currently, the Russians are reluctant to allow the Soyuz to
- DA>remain operational in orbit for more than three of four months
- DA>due to its fuel lines degrading. Exposure over long periods to
- DA>the thermal stresses of low earth orbit cause Soyuz fuel lines to
- DA>lose integrity. However, these same fuel lines have a longer
- DA>lifespan if they have not yet been used. ...
-
- There are numerous issues in extending the lifetime of any space
- vehicle. Specific pertinent issues for Soyuz might include: pyro
- degradation, softgoods lifetime limits, outgassing, solar array
- degradation, battery cycling, chute pack limits, radioactive source
- limits (used in the descent system), and many others. What other
- ones would you like to discuss?
- There are limits, but there are also off-the-shelf solutions to
- virtually all of these problems to get a moderate increase in
- lifetime to to few years. The trade is (which I admit up-front I
- haven't got a full answer on), is to trade the cost of adding
- additional orbital life versus against the cost of increased
- orbital replacements (holding reliability and availability the
- same), and also against different deployment options. One boundary
- condition is changing out Soyuzes every 180 days, for which ELV
- launches are probably the best answer. Another boundary condition
- is to extend orbital ifetime as long as possible by launching a set
- of Soyuzes unused in in Shuttle, and change them out at a longer
- period of time (say, 3 year intervals).
- And it should be pointed out that another boundary condition is
- merely to leave a Shuttle at SSF as an "emergency ride home". A
- shuttle capable of staying at SSF for 90 days would also solve this
- issue, and from what data I've seen, the modifications to do this
- are about $ 300 M for the entire shuttle fleet. This might be the
- lowest cost answer.
- And there are intermediate solutions along the trade parameter of
- varying periods on orbit with a Soyuz (as a function of $ for
- increased lifetime) versus deployment method (as a function of
- $/flight) to SSF.
- As I said, I don't know the full answer to this trade since I
- haven't seen the detailed technical assessments and preliminary
- Soyuz/ACRV design studies, but I can identify the boundary
- conditions and ROM some cost comparisons.
-
- >Would you really want to risk your life on a lifeboat in orbit that
- >had never had its engines fired?
- Considering the alternative -- to die in orbit. Yep. Same as
- I'd risk my life in an ejection seat in a high-performance jet
- aircraft if the alternative was the same.
- And I assume enough redundancy in the Soyuz propulsion system
- (the Russians are good spacecraft designers) that any single failure
- in the propulsion system (sticking valves, failed engines, failed
- ignitor circuits, etc.) would not prevent the system from separating
- and deorbiting.
- We (the US) and the Russians have a pretty good experience base
- in high-reliability sealed hydrazine propulsion systems -- ICBM RV
- buses for example, are designed for instant readiness after several
- years of being sealed.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Wales Larrison Space Technology Investor
-
- --- Maximus 2.01wb
-