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- From: cms@dragon.com
- Newsgroups: soc.religion.christian
- Subject: Re: Literary Forms of the Bible (was Re: Simple Question)
- Message-ID: <Jan.28.03.29.40.1993.10429@athos.rutgers.edu>
- Date: 28 Jan 93 08:29:42 GMT
- Sender: hedrick@athos.rutgers.edu
- Organization: Computer Projects Unlimited
- Lines: 118
- Approved: christian@aramis.rutgers.edu
-
-
- To understand any text in the Bible, you must first understand the
- form. If you misunderstand the form, you misunderstand the meaning.
- Here are some forms found in the Bible:
-
- Prose
-
- Poetry (ex. Psalms, Isaiah, Ben Sira...2/3 of entire Bible)
-
- parallelism
-
- synonymous parallelism:
-
- I recognize my faults;
- I am always conscious of my sins. (Ps 51:3)
-
- antithetic parallelism:
-
- The righteous are guided and protected by the LORD,
- but the evil are on the way to their doom. (Ps 1:6)
-
- cumulative or "staircase" parallelism:
-
- Praise the LORD, you heavenly beings;
- praise his glory and power.
- Praise the LORD's glorious name;
- bow down before the Holy One when he appears. (Ps 29:1-2)
-
- balance
-
- prayers (Tobit's prayer for death, Sarah's prayer for death,
- Moses's prayer, Samson's prayer, the Psalms,
- Isaiah's prayers, Mary's prayer (Magnificat),
- the Our Father, Jesus's prayer in the Garden, etc.
-
- hymns/songs (Mary's Magnificat, Song of Miriam, Song of Songs,
- Psalms, Philippians hymn, 1 John hymn,
- Gospel of John 1:1, Hannah's song, etc.
-
- narratives (Ruth, Jonah, Judith)
-
- direct address
-
- prophetic speech (ex. Isaiah)
- teaching (ex. Proverbs)
-
- discourses
-
- farewell discourses (ex. Moses's farewell discourse)
-
- vocation narratives
-
- parables (Jesus's parables, Nathan's parable, God's parable in
- Ezekiel 17, etc.)
-
- folktales (Jonah, Tobit, Genesis 1-3, Elijah/Elisha cycle,
- David and Goliath, Samson, Jeptha's daughter,
- Ehud (actually a kind of joke), Bel and the
- Dragon, Susanna, Ruth, Esther, Job (prose
- parts), the Flood, etc.
-
- dialogues (questions, answers, confessional statements of
- Abraham, Moses, and Christian disciples, etc.)
-
- letters
-
- letters included different forms, e.g.:
-
- prayers
- creeds
- homilies
- hymns
- liturgical greetings
- blessings
-
- history (Kings, Chronicles, Acts of the Apostles, Pentateuch,
- Joshua, Judges, Ezra, Nehemiah.
-
- treaty/covenant
-
- myth (first eleven chapters of Genesis)
-
- Gospel (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)
-
- preaching
- teaching
- liturgy
- midrash
- midrash-in-reverse
- gospel proclamation
- eucharistic celebration
- hymns
- prayers
- reflection on meaning
-
- Of course, not everyone is going to agree with the way I've matched
- certain forms to certain texts. There's room for debate. We can
- begin by acknowledging the existence of forms. If you say a
- particular text does not belong to a particular form, then what form
- do you say it belongs to? It has to belong to something. Then we can
- discuss what it means.
-
- In Jesus Son of Mary,
-
- Cindy Smith
- cms@dragon.com
-
- p.s. The Bible is the living Word of God. God speaks to us in many
- different ways and many different forms, including parables,
- poetry, folktales, myth, narrative, history, covenant
- formulary, dialogues, creeds, hymns, Tradition, direct
- address, discourse, preaching, teaching, prayers, etc.
-
- If you want to know what God is saying, listen to the way God
- is saying it.
-
- p.p.s. After we've determined the form, we can discuss whether a
- particular text is literal or metaphorical.
-