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- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!bogus.sura.net!udel!gvls1!tredysvr!ubbpc!kjm
- From: kjm@ubbpc.tredydev.Unisys.COM (Ken J. McFadden)
- Newsgroups: rec.photo
- Subject: Nikon FAQ
- Message-ID: <1048@ubbpc.tredydev.Unisys.COM>
- Date: 22 Jan 93 23:31:46 GMT
- Organization: Unisys UNIX Portation Center, Blue Bell, PA
- Lines: 320
-
- The Nikon FAQ for rec.photo is posted about once a month.
-
- Last Updated: January 22, 1993
-
- I got a chance to put a little more information into the faq recently. It
- includes my understanding of AF-D and AF-I. Apparently many people are
- confused and think that AF-D and AF-I are the same thing, while AF-I CANNOT
- AF on Nx00x bodies, AF-D CAN AF on them. See question 2 below. This confusion
- has lead to a lot of Cannon (Canon?) Fodder lately, so I thought that I'd put
- in my 2 cents worth.
-
- Feel free to send comments and suggestions to me. Please note my new, improved
- and still long winded address:
-
- tredysvr!ubbpc!kjm@gvls1.vfl.paramax.com
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 1) Mail order ads sometime list AIS, AF and AF-AIS, are all of these autofocus
- lenses?
-
- No. All autofocus lenses incorporate AIS metering, but if the ad doesn't
- mention AF then the lens is almost certainly manual focus.
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 2) Can I use manual focus lenses on auto focus bodies and vice versa?
-
- In general the answer is YES, however there are some restrictions. Some older
- manual focus lenses should never be mounted on the more recent bodies. Plus you
- may lose certain camera features like programmed exposure mode on some bodies
- when you use manual focus lenses.
-
- A chart below explains the restrictions. The categories of lenses are:
-
- "pre AI" - [F-mount + meter-coupling-shoe]
- MOUNTING "pre AI" LENSES ON SOME CAMERAS CAN DAMAGE THEM;
- lenses not incorporating AI meter coupling "ridge" to indicate
- aperture ring setting to the meter ("pre AI" lenses have a "shoe"
- instead, this shoe is found on some later lenses); "pre AI" lenses
- include all lenses manufactured prior to 1977?; Nikon used to
- offer an upgrade service to convert older lenses to AI, but now
- this service is only offered by a few camera repair shops
-
- AI - [F-mount + meter-coupling-shoe + AI-metering]
- lenses that incorporate AI metering feature introduced in 1977
- (1978?)
-
- Series E - [F-mount + AI-metering]
- same as AI (expect missing meter coupling shoe for "pre AI"
- bodies), lenses in this series are less expensive and marketed
- toward people who purchased the inexpensive EM body
-
- AI-S - [F-mount + meter-coupling-shoe + AI-S-metering(=AI + something)]
- upgrade to AI standard - changes include:
- 1) a scoop that indicates if lens is 135mm or longer &
- 2) a tab on the lens to indicate maximum aperture(?) (this is
- outdated for CPU bodies as CPU lenses now indicate this
- electronically);
- offers some vague features to certain cameras, like: choosing
- high/low speed programs on FA, permits matrix metering on F4, ...
-
- F3AF - [F-mount + meter-coupling-shoe + AI-S-metering + AF-by-lens-motor]
- original AF offered in 1983; only 2 or 3 lenses in this series;
- can only AF on F3AF and F4, no other bodies have the software to
- drive their AF mechanisms; never really took off and Nikon forgot
- about AF until Minolta and others made a go at it years later
-
- AF - [F-mount + AI-S-metering + AF-by-body-motor + CPU]
- newer AF introduced slightly after Minolta AF SLRs came out; first
- lenses to incorporate CPUs; unlike earlier F3AF lenses, these use
- a motor in the camera body to focus the lens
-
- AI-P - [F-mount + AI-S-metering + CPU]
- manual focus, but includes a CPU which is necessary for certain
- features on certain bodies; only lens in this series is 500mm f/4
- EDIF P
-
- AF-D - [F-mount + AI-S-metering + CPU + AF-by-body-motor
- + distance-encoder]
- upgrade to AF that includes an encoder to indicate how far way the
- subject is from the camera - this information is used for
- calculating exposure with the new matrix metering introduced with
- the N90
-
- AF-I - [F-mount + AI-S-metering + CPU + AF-by-lens-motor
- + distance-encoder]
- new motor in lens style AF; only F4 and N90 have software to drive
- their AF mechanisms; only the N90 takes advantage of the distance
- encoding
-
- \ "pre" Series
- Body \ AI AI E AI-S F3AF AF AI-P AF-D AF-I
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- F | M M M+1 M M M+1 M+1 M+15 M+15
- F2 | M M M+1 M M M+1 M+1 M+15 M+15
- F2A[S] | M M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- F3 | M M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- F3AF | M M M M A M M M+5 M+5
- EM | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FG | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FG-20 | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FA | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FM | M M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FM2 | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FE | M M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- FE2 | - M M M M M M M+5 M+5
- F4 | M M+23 M+23 M+2 A+2 A M A+5 A+5
- N2000 | - M M M M M M A+5 M+5
- N2020 | - M M M M A M A+5 M+5
- N4004[s] | - M+234 M+234 M+234 M+234 A M A+5 M+5
- N5005 | - M+23 M+23 M+23 M+23 A M A+5 M+5
- N6000 | - M+23 M+23 M+23 M+23 M M M+5 M+5
- N6006 | - M+23 M+23 M+23 M+23 A M A+5 M+5
- N8008[s] | - M+23 M+23 M+23 M+23 A M A+5 M+5
- N90 | - M+23 M+23 M+23 M+23 A M A A
-
- M = manual focusing only (even if both body and lens support some form of auto
- focus)
- A = auto focus possible
- - = mounting "pre AI" lenses on these bodies will squash AI mechanism on body,
- void warranty and most likely damage the camera (NOTE: there are camera
- repair shops that can convert most "pre AI" lenses to AI)
- + = restricted functionality, see definitions of numbers following the "+" below
- 1 = need meter coupling shoe added to aperture ring for older style camera
- meters to work
- 2 = lose program and shutter priority exposure modes
- 3 = lose matrix metering
- 4 = lose all exposure modes except manual/lose in camera meter
- 5 = body won't understand the distance-encoder
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 3) Many camera bodies today seem to be missing important features like
- depth-of-field preview or mirror lockup, which bodies offer these features?
-
- There is an AF SLR Camera Features FAQ that covers every conceivable feature for
- all currently available AF SLR's from all of the popular manufactures. My list
- only covers some features that I consider important, but it covers many of the
- manual focus bodies too. The other FAQ is posted with the subject "Camera
- Features List - AF" by glporter@hebe.calpoly.edu (Glen Porter).
-
- The chart below indicates some features and which bodies they are found on.
- The feature abbreviations are listed first.
-
- ISO Flsh - uses an ISO flash shoe for mounting standard flashes
- NS Flsh - uses a non-standard flash shoe
- PC Flsh - has PC connector for Studio style flash
- DOF Prvw - has depth-of-field preview
- MLU - has mirror lockup
- Mult Exps - allows multiple exposures on a single frame
- Spot Mtr - has a spot meter
- Mtrx Mtr - has matrix metering
- Auto Brck - allows auto bracketing
- Mech Rls - can use an inexpensive mechanical cable release
- Elct Rls - can use an expensive electronic "cable" release
- No Batt - can be used without a battery
- No Lith - does not use expensive/short lived lithium batteries
- Expr Lock - has botton for locking metered exposure then changing composition
-
- \ ISO NS PC DOF Mult Spot Mtrx Auto Mech Elct No No Expr
- Body \ Flsh Flsh Flsh Prvw MLU Exps Mtr Mtr Brck Rls Rls Batt Lith Lock
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- F | Y Y Y Y+7 Y Y Y
- F2 | Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
- F2A[S] | Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y ?
- F3 | Y Y Y Y Y Y Y+1 Y+5 Y Y
- F3AF | Y Y Y Y Y Y Y+1 Y+5 Y Y
- EM | Y Y+6 Y+2 Y+7 Y Y+5 Y
- FG | Y Y+6 Y+2 Y+7 Y Y+5 Y
- FG-20 | Y Y+6 Y+2 Y+7 Y Y+5 Y
- FA | Y Y Y Y+2 Y Y+8 Y Y+5 Y
- FM | Y Y Y Y+2 Y Y Y Y
- FM2 | Y Y Y Y+2 Y Y Y Y
- FE | Y Y Y Y+2 Y Y Y+5 Y
- FE2 | Y Y Y Y+2 Y Y Y+5 Y Y
- F4 | Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y+3 Y Y Y Y
- N2000 | Y Y+6 Y Y Y
- N2020 | Y Y+6 Y Y Y
- N4004[s] | Y Y+6 Y+9 ? Y Y
- N5005 | Y Y+6 ?+A Y Y Y
- N6000 | Y Y+6 Y Y Y Y
- N6006 | Y Y+6 Y Y Y Y Y
- N8008 | Y Y+4 Y Y Y Y+3 Y Y Y
- N8008s | Y Y+4 Y Y Y Y Y+3 Y Y Y
- N90 | Y Y Y ? Y+3 Y Y Y+3 Y Y Y
-
- 1 = with accessory motor drive
- 2 = pseudo MLU - mirror locks up prior to exposure with self-timer
- 3 = with proper accessory data back
- 4 = with special adapter
- 5 = has only 1 shutter speed without a battery
- 6 = "potentially dangerous" method of depth-of-field preview is possible
- (see question #8)
- 7 = "unofficial" method of multiple exposures is possible (see question #9)
- 8 = FA has AMP (advanced metering pattern?), which was the prototype for
- matrix metering
- 9 = N4004[s] matrix metering uses 3 segments instead of 5
- A = T (timed exposure) on shutter speed dial delays exposure for 0.5 seconds
- after pressing shutter release according to Andreas Wolpers
- (wolpers@ira.uka.de). could this delay be for a pseudo MLU prior to
- exposure?
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 4) What do those obscure lens designations mean?
-
- CRC - Close Range Correction: designed to maintain good results even at
- closest focusing point
- PC - Perspective control: allows lens to be "shifted" to correct
- converging verticals (to a certain degree); used for example to make
- buildings not appear to fall over backward when shooting up at them
- Micro - Macro to every other manufacturer; lets you take extreme closeups of
- small objects
- ED - special glass to keep all colors focused together in telephoto
- lenses
- IF - focusing is done inside the lens without front lens element moving
- Noct - an f1.2 lens that can be shot wide open with good results; point
- light sources don't cause problems; meant for shooting at night?
- D - Defocus control (not to be confused with AF-D): let's you adjust
- where the depth-of-field is in relation to subject (instead of the
- normal 1/3 in front and 2/3's behind)?
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 5) Why does LCD aperture display not always match setting on aperture ring?
-
- Newer lenses with CPUs can determine their effective aperture, which may
- be different from the aperture set on the ring. Camera bodies that can
- read this information from the lens, display the effective aperature on their
- LCD displays. The F4 only displays this information on the LCD of MF-23 and
- MF-24 data backs.
-
- CPU lenses that can have different set and effective apertures include:
- - Micro (marco) lenses, due to bellows factor at high magnifications, and
- - Non-constant aperture zoom lenses (have smaller effective apertures at
- longer focal lengths
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 6) Nikon USA uses model numbers like "Nx00x[s]" for camera bodies, but every
- where else in the world they are different. What are the equivalent models?
-
- N2000 = F-301 | N5005 = F-401X | N8008 = F-801
- N2020 = F-501 | | N8008s = F-801s
- N4004 = F-401 | N6006 = F-601 | N90 = F90
- N4004s = F-401s | N6000 = F-601M |
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 7) Can Mirror-lock-up be used on F so that no frames are wasted?
-
- Yes.
-
- MLU and the shutter release interact on the F. MLU normally occurs after
- pressing the shutter release - you fire a frame and get MLU on the next one.
- Also if you advance the film prior to dropping the lockup, you waste a frame
- because the mirror doesn't come down.
-
- The "tapping" technique for MLU without losing frames on the F is:
-
- Advance film, compose, turn up lockup, tap shutter release lightly but
- sharply, fire shutter release using self timer, drop lockup, advance
- film.
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 8) How can I determine depth of field with a body that doesn't have a
- depth-of-field-preview button?
-
- The "safe" method is to use the depth of field markings on the lens barrel, but
- not all lenses have these markings (most or all AF zooms lack the markings).
-
- The "dangerous" method is to unlock the lens from the lens mount and turn it
- to the position where you would remove it from the body, but hold the lens
- against the body. At this position the lens is stopped to the set aperture
- and you get the same effect as a depth-of-field-preview button. You will have
- to lock the lens in its normal position before making the exposure. BE CAREFUL
- THAT YOU DON'T DROP YOUR CAMERA AND/OR LENS WHILE USING THIS METHOD. This
- method is performed by professional stunt photographers; please don't try this
- at home. >8^)
-
- ================================================================================
-
- 9) Can I do multiple exposures on a single frame, if my camera body doesn't
- have a multiple exposure switch?
-
- On some bodies, the answer is yes, sort of. The way to do this is to disengage
- the film advance and then cock the shutter with the film advance lever. The
- problem is that the film may still move a little anyway, so frame registration
- may not be exact.
-
- On the Nikon F, turn the film advance/rewind collar to the rewind position
- before recocking the shutter with the film advance lever. Reset the collar
- after the completing the last exposure on the frame.
-
- On the EM, FG and FG-20, press the film rewind button on the bottom of the
- camera before recocking the shutter with the film advance lever. It is
- highly recommended to also press down on the film rewind crank assembly while
- recocking the shutter to ensure that the film doesn't move too much. The rewind
- button will reset itself each time the film advance lever is used, so you will
- have to press the rewind button for each additional exposure you make on the
- frame.
-
- The N8008[s] bodies have a multiple exposure switch. On the other Nx00x series
- cameras, you are probably out of luck. Built in motor driven film advance and
- rewind prevent the disengaging of film advance from the non-existant film
- advance lever. I'm not sure, but the N2000 and N2020 may still have film
- advance levers, but I'm almost certain that the N4004[s], N5005, N6000 and N6006
- all don't.
-
- I believe that the frame counter goes up each time you use the film advance
- lever, even if you don't really move on to the next frame. So you will have
- to keep track of the actual frame you are on manually.
-
- ---
- Ken McFadden tredysvr!ubbpc!kjm@gvls1.vfl.paramax.com
- Unisys Corporation burdvax!ubbpc!kjm
- Open Systems Marketing Services (215) 986-3326
- !!! NOTE THE NEW EMAIL ADDRESS (STRANGE, I DON'T WORK FOR PARAMAX) !!!
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