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- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!usc!not-for-mail
- From: alves@calvin.usc.edu (William Alves)
- Newsgroups: rec.music.classical
- Subject: Re: Define "Well Tempered"
- Date: 22 Jan 1993 13:07:58 -0800
- Organization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Lines: 37
- Message-ID: <1jpnneINNlcq@calvin.usc.edu>
- References: <38619@cbmvax.commodore.com> <1993Jan19.174920.24192@digi.lonestar.org> <1993Jan22.155421.21393@netcom.com>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: calvin.usc.edu
-
- In article <1993Jan22.155421.21393@netcom.com> hatunen@netcom.com (David W Hatunen) writes:
- >In a scientifically proper musical scale, [...]
-
- What Dave says is essentially correct, but the terminology in his and
- other posts is not entirely correct. Just for the sake of clearing up
- any confusion, here are some definitions:
-
- Tuning system: A method by which a musician decides what frequencies
- are represented by which sounding bodies on an instrument.
- Just Intonation: A tuning system based on frequency ratios that can
- be represented by relatively low-number fractions. These
- intervals can all thus be found relatively low in the harmonic
- series (the "overtone" series).
- Temperament: Any tuning system which has frequency ratios that are
- irrational numbers (or representable by such large numbered
- fractions that they are for practical purposes irrational).
- "Well" temperament: A class of temperaments common in the 18th century
- in which all keys are playable, but the more common keys have
- consonant intervals (closer to just) than the less common keys.
- It is assumed that Bach used some kind of temperament in this
- category.
- "Circular" temperament: A class of temperaments common later in the
- 18th century and after in which all keys are not the same, but
- the inequities are spread more or less evenly around the cycle
- of fifths (i.e. no preference for more commonly used keys).
- Equal temperament: A tuning system in which all the adjacent intervals
- are exactly the same. In the case of 12-tone equal temperament,
- each semitone has the ratio of the twelfth root of two.
- Diatonic: Nothing to do with tuning systems (at least in modern usage) -
- fitting into a pattern of intervals that can be represented by
- the white keys of a piano (i.e. major, minor, Lydian, etc. are
- diatonic scales; harmonic minor is not).
-
- There are plenty of other types of tuning systems and temperaments, of
- course.
-
- Bill
-