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- Newsgroups: rec.martial-arts
- Path: sparky!uunet!haven.umd.edu!darwin.sura.net!ukma!nx12.mik.uky.edu!satadd00
- From: satadd00@nx12.mik.uky.edu (scott andrew taddiken)
- Subject: Judo, jujutsu, and competition.
- Message-ID: <C1Bwzq.2sq@ms.uky.edu>
- Summary: Questions and answers.
- Sender: satadd00@mik.uky.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: nx12.mik.uky.edu
- Organization: University of Kentucky
- Date: Sat, 23 Jan 1993 22:55:01 GMT
- Lines: 133
-
- VERY LONG. I suggest that if you want to read this, you save it to a file
- first.
-
- I have a lot to say, and I have thought hard about how to say it. I _hate_
- snipping up others' articles (I think it makes reading clearer in certain
- specific circumstances), and I _hate_ semantic arguing. This is the format
- I chose. I hope it doesn't come off too much like Dave Barry's "Ask Mr.
- Language Person":
-
- Q: What is jujutsu?
-
- A: The art that a Samurai used to defend himself while unarmed or lightly
- armed. There were _many_ schools and styles of jujutsu in years past. "Ju"
- means "yielding", as in the willow in the storm which bends but does not break.
- Jujutsu practicioners learned to give way to the opponent's attack as a means
- of getting the advantage.
-
- Q: What is judo?
-
- A: As the word is popularly used, it refers to the activity founded by Kano--
- a Japanese professor who died in 1938. This activity was intended to develop
- fighting ability, but it was also intended as a form of physical and moral
- education. "Judo", the WAY of yielding, was deemed more accurate than
- "Jujutsu", the ART of yielding. (WAY here is the same as the word Tao in
- Taoism, and carries with it lots of philosophical underpinings which I haven't
- the time or will to explain).
-
- Q: Is anything else called "judo"?
-
- A: Yes. Kano's aggressive push to popularize his system and get it into the
- public schools was bad for the already beleaguered jujutsu schools. At 22
- he started judo, and later he wrote:
-
- "In 1882 I founded the Kodokan to teach judo to others. Within a few years,
- the number of students rapidly increased. They came from all over Japan, many
- having left jujutsu masters to train with me. Eventually judo displaced
- jujutsu in Japan, and no one any longer speaks of jujutsu as a contemporary art
- in Japan, although the word has survived overseas."
-
- The message to jujutsu masters was harsh. Many changed the names of their
- schools to contain the word "judo", while changing their syllabus in varying
- degrees to accomidate Kano's techniques. Today, the number of people who
- practice Kano's judo is so very much larger than the number who practice other
- judos that "judo" has become synonymous with Kano's system in popular usage.
- This is IMHO unfair to other jujutsu-derived systems which want to have the
- word "do" in their title.
-
- Q: If someone is talking about judo, how do I know if he is talking about
- Kano's judo or some other judo?
-
- A: It's very difficult. In articles I write, I have taken to pointing out
- early on that I am talking about Kodokan Judo (Kano's Judo) to avoid offending
- jujutsu folk. As yet, the jujutsu folk have not been returning the courtesy.
- Perhaps this is because they believe that there is a "global" meaning to the
- word "judo" which transcends the individual systems.
-
- Q: Why should I care? Is Kano's judo any different from jujutsu or the "other"
- judos?
-
- A: It depends on which school you look at. Judo techniques were derived from
- Kito Ryu Jujutsu and Tenshin Shin Ryu Jujutsu, and so the techniques are rather
- similar. Some of the other judos split off from Kano's judo in the present
- century, and are thus similar, while others developed parallel to Kano's judo,
- deriving their techniques from other jujutsu schools very different from those
- which gave birth to Kano's judo.
-
- Kano's judo differs from the others more in training philosophy than technique.
- Jujutsu and all judos have "kata" training, in which participants "choreograph"
- the same situation repeatedly while they practice the appropriate technique.
- Kano's judo has a second form of training called "randori", in which partners
- vie with each other as they would in an actual match. Some other judos have
- this, but in my experience none of the others do it anywhere near as much as
- it is done in Kano's judo dojos.
-
- Also, Kano considered judo competition to be an important form of training.
- He wrote: "Contests in judo have as their rationale the idea that the lessons
- taught in matches will find application not only in future training but in the
- world at large." Also, he included the pleasure of winning competitions on a
- list of the aesthetics of judo. During his life he pushed for judo and judo
- competitions to be standard (for boys) in the public schools, and it was a
- lifelong dream that judo would be in the Olympics.
-
- Q: Which kind of training is more important? Randori [free practice] or kata
- [set practice]?
-
- A: Kano wrote: "Both kata and randori are forms of mental training, but of the
- two, randori is the more effective." He was a deliberate man, not prone to
- making such pronouncements without much thought.
-
- Q: But wasn't Kano concerned that adherents weren't doing enough kata?
-
- A: Yes. Competitive judo can be addictive, but kata is a neccery part of a
- training program. He found it necessary to increase kata training to two days
- per week.
-
- Q: Is kata a more spiritual form of training than randori?
-
- A: Extremely doubtful. See the quote a few lines up. In addition, Kano went
- on at length about the virtues of randori for developing moral character and
- spirituality: "Practicing randori tends to make the student earnest, sincere,
- thoughtful, cautious, and deliberate in action."
-
- Q: Is judo competition a western invention?
-
- A: Not at all. There is a rich tradition of competition in Kano's judo, which
- began long before judo was heard of in the west.
-
- Q: But haven't westerners gone overboard with competition?
-
- A: It _some_ schools in the west (particularly the Olympic training centers of
- various countries) kata is virtually abandoned in favor of randori as players
- prepare themselves for competition. Some go so far as to say, "If you want to
- be good at judo, go to lots of competitions to aquire tournament experience."
- It seems clear that Kano would not approve.
-
- The truth is that judo in Japan today is _more_ competitive than in the west.
- In the big national judo schools, college aged kids are put through two long
- practices per day. The first has a little technique training. The second has
- none. At the Kodokan, however, a team of Kano's students, along with his son,
- has tried to keep Kano's ideas alive. IMHO, it's hard to believe that others
- have succeeded better than they.
-
- The Kodokan certifies the ranks of judoka in certain national organizations, to
- maintain standards of kata and randori and contest skill. Sometimes there is
- controversy about how good a job they are doing, or which organizations they
- should certify the ranks of.
-
- There is controversy about a rules change which took effect in the early
- 1970's, which some say had the effect of taking all the "art" out of judo
- competition. Write for details if you like.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Scott Taddiken, University of Kentucky
-