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- Newsgroups: rec.equestrian
- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!sdd.hp.com!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!news.iastate.edu!skunz
- From: A1.MHH@isumvs.iastate.edu (Mary Healey)
- Subject: Re:Horse color genetics - LONG
- Message-ID: <C19I93.Gv4@news.iastate.edu>
- Sender: skunz@news.iastate.edu (USENET News System)
- Organization: Iowa State University, Ames IA
- Date: Fri, 22 Jan 1993 15:41:24 GMT
- Lines: 169
-
-
- Re: Horse color genetics program
-
- Sue Bishop writes:
- > Not that hard if you use the 'square' method. Just make a big
- > square, list possible variations of the mare vertically, possible
- > variations of the sire horizontally. Works great, takes a few
- > minutes and the margin of error is small.
- >
- > Bay stallion x Grey mare
- >
- > Stallion out of bay mare and chestnut stallion, so genotype is almost
- > certainly Bc.
- > Grey mare out of chestnut mare and grey stallion, known to have
- > produced greys, chestnuts and bay, depending on what she is bred to.
- > Genotype almost certainly Ggcc
- >
- > Stallion Bc bc
- > _________________________
- > M Gc | GBcc | Gbcc |
- > a _________________________
- > r gc | gBcc | gbcc |
- > e _________________________
- >
- > I think that's right, with this combination you get 50% grey, 25%
- > bay, 25% chestnut.
- >
- > Tracy, do I have it right?
- >
- > Sue
-
- Sue -
- I'm not Tracy, but you don't have it right. Deep breath.
- Here we go, plunging into the genetics jungle. BRIEFLY, color in
- horses is controlled by several loci (DNA on different parts of a
- chromosome). Most of these loci have several alleles
- (possibilities). The loci seem to be common to many domestic
- animals (dogs and horses, for example, are considered to have
- similar loci, but few of the same alleles). The list (off the
- top of my head, so it may be wrong/incomplete) is:
-
- A ... agouti series. This determines the extent of dark pigment on
- an animal's body. There are three alleles (in order of
- dominance)
- A - "bay" pattern. Dark pigment restricted to
- mane, tail, legs.
- at- (that should be a superscript t) Dark pigment over
- most of body (except muzzle, flanks). Is
- considered necessary in seal brown horses.
- a - Dark pigment extends over the whole body.
- A is dominant to at and a. Or incompletely dominant to at,
- and dominant to a, depending on which reference you use.
-
- B ... Black/brown. This determines the color of the dark pigment.
- B - black
- b - brown
- B is dominant to b. So a horse with black pigment is at least
- B-, but a brown horse is always bb.
-
- C ... The albino series. There are no true equine albinos, so all
- horses are assumed CC (or cc, I can't remember).
-
- D ... Dilution series. This acts on all pigments, to lighten red to
- yellow, and reduce black.
- D - "normal" - fully colored
- d - dilute - palominos, duns, buckskins, perlinos,
- cremellos
- The dilution series is additive. That is DD, Dd and dd all
- produce different phenotypes (colors). DD is fully colored,
- Dd is partly dilute (palomino, dun, buckskin), and dd is very
- dilute (perlino, cremello, some "white" horses)
-
- E ... extension series. Controls the production of dark pigment
- (regardless of color or pattern).
- E - "normal". Extends dark pigment over body.
- e - restricts dark pigment to eye.
- E is completely dominant to e. So a bay horse may be EE or
- Ee, but a chestnut is always ee.
-
- G ... grey series. G (grey) is dominant to g (non-grey)
-
- R ... roaning. RR is lethal, Rr is roan, rr is non-roan.
-
- T ... tobiano. T- is patterned, tt is solid colored.
-
- O ... overo. O- is solid colored, oo is patterned.
-
- Appaloosa, if I remember rightly, is a single locus, multiple allele
- (as in 4 or 5 or more) case, modified by other genes at other loci.
-
- Now, back to the example. A bay stallion (A-B-DDE-ggrrttO-) is
- mated to a grey mare (--------G-------). If these are from
- traditionally solid-colored, non-roan stock, then we're working with
- an A-B-DDE-gg stallion and a --------G- mare, and we can drop the
- R, T, and O series, since all animals will be rrttOO. Grey masks
- everything, so unless you know her original color, the one dominant G
- allele is all we can state for sure.
- The stallion is by a chestnut sire and a bay dam, so we can fill
- in his E series, A-B-DDEegg. The mare is out of a chestnut dam
- (----DDeegg) by a grey stallion(--------G-), so she is ----DD-eGg.
- I'm assuming the phrase "known to have produced greys, chestnuts
- and bays, depending on what she is bred to" is referring to the
- grey mare, and not to her dam. We already know she is out of a
- non-grey dam, so this information doesn't help, unless she produced
- a bay foal by a black (aaB-) or brown(aabb) stallion.
- Still with me? I know this is long, but it's not a simple topic.
- IF both stallion and mare are heterozygous (have different alleles)
- at every locus where one is unknown except D - the grey stallion
- could be Dd, but lets not get carried away. So, the bay stallion
- may be AaBbDDEegg, the grey mare may be AaBbDDEeGg or, dropping the
- homozygous (same alleles) at D, the stallion is AaBbEegg, and the
- mare is AaBbEeGg. Since at is relatively rare, and because this
- is getting pretty windy, we'll assume Aa instead of Aat. This
- will give the following possible combinations:
-
- Stallion:
- ABEg ABeg AbEg Abeg aBEg aBeg abEg abeg
- ABEG AABBEEGg AABBEeGg AABbEEGg AABbEeGg AaBBEEGg AaBBEeGg AaBbEEGg AaBbEeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- ABEg AABBEEgg AABBEegg AABbEEgg AABbEegg AaBBEEgg AaBBEegg AaBbEEgg AaBbEegg
- bay bay bay bay bay bay bay bay
- ABeG AABBEeGg AABBeeGg AABbEeGg AABbeeGg AaBBEeGg AaBBeeGg AaBbEeGg AaBbeeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- ABeg AABBEegg AABBeegg AABbEegg AABbeegg AaBBEegg AaBBeegg AaBbEegg AaBbeegg
- bay chest bay chest bay chest bay chest
- AbEG AABbEEGg AABbEeGg AAbbEEGg AAbbEeGg AaBbEEGg AaBbEeGg AabbEEGg AabbEeGg
- M grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- a AbEg AABbEEgg AABbEegg AAbbEEgg AAbbEegg AaBbEEgg AaBbEegg AabbEEgg AabbEegg
- r bay chest ch/bay* ch/bay* bay bay ch/bay* ch/bay*
- e AbeG AABbEeGg AABbeeGg AAbbEeGg AAbbeeGg AaBbEeGg AaBbeeGg AabbEeGg AabbeeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- Abeg AABbEegg AABbeegg AAbbEegg AAbbeegg AaBbEegg AaBbeegg AabbEegg Aabbeegg
- bay chest ch/bay* chest bay chest ch/bay* chest
- aBEG AaBBEEGg AaBBEeGg AaBbEEGg AaBbEeGg aaBBEEGg aaBBEeGg aaBbEEGg aaBbEeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- aBEg AaBBEEgg AaBBEegg AaBbEEgg AaBbEegg aaBBEEgg aaBBEegg aaBbEEgg aaBbEegg
- bay bay bay bay black black black black
- aBeG AaBBEeGg AaBBeeGg AaBbEeGg AaBbeeGg aaBBEeGg aaBBeeGg aaBbEeGg aaBbeeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- aBeg AaBBEegg AaBBeegg AaBbEegg AaBbeegg aaBBEegg aaBBeegg aaBbEegg aaBbeegg
- bay chest bay chest black black black chest
- abEG AaBbEEGg AaBbEeGg AabbEEGg AabbEeGg aaBbEEGg aaBbEeGg aabbEEGg aabbEeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- abEg AaBbEEgg AaBbEegg AabbEEgg AabbEegg aaBbEEgg aaBbEegg aabbEEgg aabbEegg
- bay bay ch/bay* ch/bay* black black brown brown
- abeG AaBbEeGg AaBbeeGg AabbEeGg AabbeeGg aaBbEeGg aaBbeeGg aabbEeGg aabbeeGg
- grey grey grey grey grey grey grey grey
- abeg AaBbEegg AaBbeegg AabbEegg Aabbeegg aaBbEegg aaBbeegg aabbEegg aabbeegg
- bay chest ch/bay* chest black black brown chest
- -----------------
- *ch/bay are animals with the "bay" pattern, but brown instead of
- black pigment
-
- The totals are: grey 64 (50.0%)
- bay 26 (20.3%)
- chest 15 (11.7%)
- black 11 ( 8.6%)
- ch/bay 9 ( 7.0%)
- brown 3 ( 2.3%)
-
- This is, of course, a worst-case/most possibilities scenario. But
- you can begin to see why a computer program to calculate the
- possibilities would be very difficult to write.
-
- Mary H.
- Animal Breeding Section
- Dept. Animal Science
- Iowa State University
- (BTW I work with cow and pig records, seldom horses)
-