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- Newsgroups: rec.crafts.textiles
- Path: sparky!uunet!world!cosell
- From: cosell@world.std.com (Bernie Cosell)
- Subject: Re: Scratcy wool (was: Knitted Acrylic Baby Afghan)
- Message-ID: <C1EK84.7s@world.std.com>
- Organization: Fantasy Farm, Pearisburg, VA
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]
- References: <1993Jan25.012901.16803@cs.yale.edu>
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 09:12:04 GMT
- Lines: 69
-
- Judith S. Janette (judi@laplace.csb.yale.edu) wrote:
-
- } Just a nota about wool and the "scratch factor"...
-
- } Different types of wool have different "scratch indexes" (for lack of a
- } better pseudo-scientific term). That's because different kinds of sheep
- } have different lengths and textures of wool. From short-haired,
- } coarse-coated Icelandic sheep comes scratchy, warm, water-resistant yarn.
- } Merino yarn on the other hand, is made from longer and silkier-haired
- } sheep. Kid mohair, again, is made from a long and soft-haired beast.
-
- This is not quite correct. By any normal standards, few people
- would call Merino fleece 'longer' than other breeds' wool --- it is
- one of the *shortest* fleeced breeds. Finest, too, of course, but
- short for sure, and that's especially true if you're talking about
- comparisons of commercial yarns [which are, by and large, made from
- Romney, which is quite a long stapled breed]. But you're onto the
- right idea when you point out that it is 'longer' that has
- something to do with it, but it isn't the actual staple length of
- the fibers that is what is the problem, is the the broken bits: The
- difference is not at the macro level [whether the staples are 4" or
- 12" long], but at the micro level...
-
- As a rule, most commercial scouring facilities use various VERY
- harsh solvents to clean the junk out of the wool, and that has the
- effect of weakening the fibers and breaking lots of them. When the
- fibers are spun up, there are lots of little ends 'sticking out' of
- the spun yarn, and it is these little 'hairs' sticking out of the
- yarn that makes it feel scratchy.
-
- Carefully processed and spun, just about ANY breed of sheep's
- fleece will produce a nice, non-scratchy yarn[*]. Conversely,
- improper [or overly aggressive] processing can make _any_ fleece
- produce a scratchy yarn. This is one reason why folk who are _sure_
- that they're "allergic" to wool often discover, to their surprise, that
- they are magically _not_ allergic to handspun yarn --- the kind of
- handling and care most spinners give their yarn virtually guarantees
- a scratch-free yarn.
- [*] We are Merino snobs [partly because that's what we raise..:-)]
- but we got a *suffolk* fleece from a neighbor and Lynn scoured it
- and spun it up to see what it was like, and she was _astounded_ at
- what nice yarn it produced... it was a bit humbling, since you can
- get Suffolk by the ton at about 40 cents a pound. sigh...
-
- Another criterion is whether the yarn was woolen spun or worsted
- spun. In woolen spun yarn, the fibers are only 'mostly' parallel
- [the actual situation is that the staples have just been opened up
- enough so that the fibers will draft when spun --- actually
- "aligning" the fibers is _not_ a goal of carding!] and so there is a
- lot of 'bundling' of fibers in the yarn. This means that you get a
- puffy yarn and one that traps a lot of air [and so makes nice and
- warm outergarments], but it also means that the ends of each
- separate fiber are sort-of sticking out.
-
- By contrast, in producing worsted yarn, the fibers go through two
- additional steps [after carding] before spinning: combing and pin
- drafting. The comber gets all of the foreign matter, short ends
- and all of the other fiber-imperfections out. The pin drafter
- actually makes the fibers parallel, so that the ends of each
- separate fiber are lying _along_ the length of the bundle [called
- "top"] and nothing is sticking out. Then, when you spin it, the
- ends stay 'wrapped up' in the yarn and you get a VERY VERY smooth
- and scratch-free yarn --- not very warm [by comparison with woolen
- yarn] but a lot nicer feel on the skin.
-
- /Bernie\
- --
- Bernie Cosell cosell@world.std.com
- Fantasy Farm Fibers, Pearisburg, VA (703) 921-2358
-