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- Newsgroups: rec.birds
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!spool.mu.edu!torn!utzoo!tony
- From: tony@zoo.toronto.edu (Anthony L. Lang)
- Subject: Re: Toxic Bird?
- Message-ID: <C1HGxv.7yu@zoo.toronto.edu>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 22:53:51 GMT
- Organization: U of Toronto Zoology
- Lines: 49
-
- >In article <C1F5Kp.H5I@zoo.toronto.edu> tony@zoo.toronto.edu
- >(Anthony L. Lang) writes:
- >......
- >> This is the original paper. It also says that native New
- >>Guineans
- >> already knew of the genus' toxic properties and call it "trash
- >> bird". The scientists found the toxin (an alkaloid) in the
- >> following species (in decreasing order of toxicity: HOODED
- >>PITOHUI
- >> (Pitohui dichrous), VARIABLE PITOHUI (P. kirhocephalus), RUSTY
- >> PITOHUI (P. ferrrugineus). Concentrations of the toxin were
- >> highest in skin and feathers. They speculated that this
- >>property evolved for chemical defense. Like other toxic species
- >>of animals,
- >>
- >>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- >> these species have bright, contrasting colours.
- >> ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
- In article: <1k1u0qINNlki@shelley.u.washington.edu>
- dwright@u.washington.edu (David B. Wright) replies:
-
- >True, but it does not necessarily follow that the pithoui is
- >brightly colored *because it is toxic*, i.e., that it coloration
- >is a warning adaptation. Bright colors are very common among
- >birds. If the clade that includes the pithoui evolved bright
- >colors before toxicity evolved, then bright color is not a warning
- >adaptation. At best it would be an exaptation. It's a simple
- >question of carts and horses (or perhaps more apropos, of chickens
- >and eggs).
- >
- >A similar argument applies to the notion of "mimicry" in relatives
- >of the pithoi: plesiomorphy -- inheritance from a common ancestor
- >-- is the null hypothesis for that resemblance. Unless that null
- >hypothesis is rejected (on the basis of phylogenetic evidence), it
- >is unecessary to invoke mimicry as an alternative explanation.
-
- It is certainly true that the evolution of bright colours and the
- appearance of mimicry as a result of toxicity is not the most
- parsimonious explanation for the evolution of the first two
- characters. I'm sure that is why the authors stated that they were
- only speculating when invoking that hypothesis (based on similar
- explanations for butterflies and frogs). They thus do not rule out
- phylogenetic effects.
- --
-
- Anthony Lang
- Dept. of Zoology,
- University of Toronto
-