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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!csd4.csd.uwm.edu!info-high-audio-request
- From: DPierce@world.std.com (Richard D Pierce)
- Newsgroups: rec.audio.high-end
- Subject: re: Time Alignment
- Message-ID: <1jmi6pINNi3l@uwm.edu>
- Date: 20 Jan 93 16:52:51 GMT
- Organization: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
- Lines: 54
- Approved: tjk@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
- NNTP-Posting-Host: 129.89.7.4
- Mime-Version: 1.0
- Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
- Originator: tjk@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
-
-
-
- >I was reading a book on Hifi (Good Sound, by Dearborn) which gave an
- >explanation of time aligning speakers. It implied that this entailed
- >always putting the speaker magnets in the same plane because this is where
- >the sound originates. The reasoning struck me as faulty for the following
- >reason: If the voice coil is reasonably stiff, the cone will move at the
- >same time as the voice coil. There would not be an appreciable lag before
- >the cone moved. As a thought experiment, imagine a speaker with a ten
- >foot infinitely stiff voice coil former (or whatever the tube the coil is
- >wound on is called, with the coil wound at opposite ends from the speaker
- >cone. According to the align the magnets theory, the coil of this speaker
- >should be aligned with that of the other speakers. But if the cone starts
- >moving simultaniously with the coil (which it should if the former is
- >stiff) this will give sound waves coming from the speaker a ten foot head
- >start on those coming from other speaker drivers, thus not time aligning
- >them.
- >
- >My question: Is my reasoning here flawed? I'm not an engineer by
- >profession, so there may well be something I'm missing.
-
- Your reasoning and your assumptions are both flawed. Take for example your
- though experiment, which includes a "ten foot infinitely stiff voice
- coil". An infinitely stiff voice coil simply does not exist. All materials
- (air included) have a finite propogation speed. In addition, since the
- devices in a driver (voice coil, adhesives, cone, dust cap) are far from
- infinitely stiff, and because they have real mass, there is a delay
- associate with pushing on something thats flexible, then having it push on
- something that has some mass. Such is the case with loudspeaker drivers.
-
- There are further sources of delays. For example, the crossover (be it
- active or passive) has electronic delays as well.
-
- The net result is that the cone not only does not start moving
- simultaneously with the voice coil, it doesn't even move uniformly either.
- The voice coil is often the least of the problems. There exist
- sohpisticated measurement techniques that even allow us to visualize the
- "impulse" radiating outwards from the voice coil to the edge of the cone.
- If the driver designer has his act together, then the cone will be
- designed so that the propogation velocity in the cone material corresponds
- axially to the propogation velocity in air. This is a tough trick to pull
- off, considering the mountain of variables that control the cone's
- behaviour (for example, the propogation velocity in paper cones is
- dependent upon relative humidity, in some plastices, it is temperature
- dependent, and so on).
-
- In any case, it is not the magnets that will be aligned, but the voice
- coils. Then they need to be offset accordingly due to delays from the
- crossover, delays in the materials themselves, and so on.
-
- | Dick Pierce |
- | Loudspeaker and Software Consulting |
- | 17 Sartelle Street Pepperell, MA 01463 |
- | (508) 433-9183 (Voice and FAX) |
-