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- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 11:38:56 -0600
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- Subject: Good information on ACRV prices
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- Wales.Larrison
- From: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org
- Newsgroups: talk.politics.space
- Subject: Re: More Soyuz as ACRV stuff
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- Date: 23 Jan 93 20:51:36
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- David Anderman writes regarding use of Soyuz as an ACRV:
- > How cheap? Some reports state that a fully operational Soyuz
- >could be purchased for $7 million. ...
- Other reports (Space Business News, 4 Jan 92) have substantially
- higher prices. SBN reports that the price of a new Soyuz-TM is about
- $50 M, as quoted by NPO Engergia chief Yuri Semenov to the US
- government (These are the prices which will be used any any US
- contractor integrating Soyuz onto SSF).
-
- > The optimal means of using the Soyuz is for U.S. commercial
- >launchers to orbit the lifeboats from Florida, and to have the
- >Shuttle return the Soyuzes to the Cape for refurbishment every six
- >months or so. [...]
- > Currently, two U.S. launchers can handle the Soyuz: the
- >Atlas-Centaur is an almost ideal fit, and the Commercial Titan has
- >more than enough capability, in fact, it may be able to orbit a
- >logistics module with supplies along with the Soyuz.
- My independent analysis shows the Atlas II capability to be VERY
- marginal (too close to call). The commercial Titan can launch a
- Soyuz, but a SSF logistics module weighs about 35,000 lbs.
- Delivering a Soyuz AND a logistics module is virtually impossible
- with the currently offered Commercial Titan (a Titan-III), unless
- you use a Titan-IV, which has not been offered commercially (and
- costs like fury -- over $ 300 M per launch).
-
- > The key to NASA's plan to downgrade Soyuz is in its concept
- >of orbiting the Soyuzes in the Space Shuttle payload bay, two at a
- >time. The rationale for this is that it is technically feasible,
- >and will not require NASA to deal with the commercial launch
- >sector. [.....]
- > The third, and most difficult to understand, reason is
- >that the Soyuzes will last longer in orbit if launched inside the
- >shuttle. Currently, the Russians are reluctant to allow the Soyuz
- >to remain operational in orbit for more than three of four months
- >due to its fuel lines degrading. Exposure over long periods to the
- >thermal stresses of low earth orbit cause Soyuz fuel lines to lose
- >integrity. However, these same fuel lines have a longer lifespan
- >if they have not yet been used. If carried into orbit aboard the
- >Shuttle, and docked with Freedom by a remote manipulator arm, the
- >Soyuz engines, and therefore, the fuel lines, will not be used
- >unless there is an emergency. In this manner, NASA hopes to get an
- >additional few months out of the Soyuzes as lifeboats.
- The issue is in the hydrazine fuel. Once the lines are "wetted"
- and some of the hydrazine has gone through the combustors, you get
- slow decomposition of the hydrazine. This is one of the life limits
- the Russians have identified to NASA (and US contractors). If the
- propulsion unit is not wetted, then the calculated certified life is
- over 3 years -- versus about 180 days.
-
- Just for grins, let us compare three cases:
- 1) Shuttle, carries up 2 Soyuzes every 3 years, and replaces
- them. Shuttle cost = $300-500M/flt
- 2) Atlas IIAS/Centaur launches, 1 Soyuz per flight. Initial
- launch of 2 Soyuezs, replacement every 180 days. Cost $ 120M +
- (note: this price is the quoted commercial price for an Atlas
- IIAS/ Centaur, not including any escape system, Soyuz/Atlas
- interface, or pad or GSE modifications)
- 3) Commercial Titan III launch, 1 Soyuz per flight. Initial
- launch of 2 Soyuezes, replacement every 180 days. Cost = $ 160 M +
- (Note: this is the quoted commercial price for the Mars Observer
- launch -- not including any escape system, Soyuz/Titan interface or
- pad or GSE modifications).
- Time scale = 15 years. Cost of refurbishing a Soyuz = $10 M
- (returned unused); $30 M (returned via reentry), Soyuz has infinite
- lifetime (very simplying assumption)
-
- Case 1: Shuttle launches = 5. Soyuzes procured = 4 (new)
- Soyuzes refurbished = 6. Total cost = $1760 - $2760 M
- Case 2: AtlasIIAS launches = 60. Soyuzes procured = 4 (new).
- Soyuzes refurbished (post use) = 58. Total cost = $ 9140 M
- Case 3: Titan III launch = 60. Soyuzes procured = 4 (new).
- Soyuzes refurbished (post use) = 58. Total cost = $ 11540 M
-
- Seems like a bit of a savings to use the Shuttle ....
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Wales Larrison Space Technology Investor
-
-
- --- Maximus 2.01wb
-