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- From: venk@stein.u.washington.edu (Venkatesh Murthy)
- Newsgroups: bionet.info-theory
- Subject: Re: Animate Nature and Noise (Optical Tweezers)
- Keywords: references on info-theory in neural coding
- Message-ID: <1k9qpaINNg0m@shelley.u.washington.edu>
- Date: 28 Jan 93 23:38:18 GMT
- References: <1k6igvINNeg0@shelley.u.washington.edu> <C1JHLu.IA7@ncifcrf.gov> <1k9lsvINNosr@MINERVA.CIS.YALE.EDU>
- Organization: University of Washington, Seattle
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- In article <1k9lsvINNosr@MINERVA.CIS.YALE.EDU> smith-una@yale.edu (Una Smith) writes:
- >
- >Imagine the particle is a star like our sun. Each photon wears its own
- >"particle" hat, and like a spaceship using a star or planet to change
- >course and gain velocity, an individual photon whips around the particle.
- >The particle also changes its momentum a little bit (conservation of
- >energy). When there are lots of photons whipping around the particle's
- >minute gravity well, the net momentum of the particle goes to 0, relative
- >to the light stream. Have you ever elevated a ping-pong ball by sticking
- >the intake hose on a vacuum cleaner on the outtake (?) so air blows out?
- >The ping-pong ball acts as though it were stuck on the end of an invisible
- >wire in the airstream from the hose. The physics are similar, except that
- >the transfer of force is accomplished through friction, not gravity. Or
- >is it an atomic friction after all? What is gravity? What is friction?
- >
- >
- >--
- >
- > Una Smith Biology Department smith-una@yale.edu
- > Yale University
- > New Haven, CT 06511
-
-
- OK. I'll poke my head out a bit again. There was a little article
- by Steve Block in Nature last month about Optical Tweezers. It appeared
- as (of all things) a Product Review. It was titled "Making light work
- with optical tweezers". Nature 360:493-495, 3 Dec 1992.
-
- It has a couple of nice simple figures, as well as many references. I
- gathered that simply thinking of momentum transfer may
- not be enough to explain the tweezing effect. Because a lot of the
- momentum/force due to scattering will tend to point IN the direction of the
- light propogation. Block points out that what really helps to "tweeze"
- the object of interest is the GRADIENT in the light intensity. One
- way to do it is to simply focus the beam, because there is automatically
- a steep gradient at the edge of the focus. Block points out that this
- "gradient force" must overcome the "traditional scattering force" in
- order to hold the object from being "scattered in the direction of the
- beam". You should really read his review - it's much better and
- knowledgable than my ramblings. One more thing though. The person
- who developed this technique first is A. Ashkin at Bell Labs.
-
- I also wanted to list some references relating to the use of info.
- theory in neural coding. I'm only going to point out some recent
- stuff. The usage if info-theory in this field actually goes back a
- long way :-) I also apologize for being perhaps one of the last
- hold-outs against the standard bibtex style listing...
-
- 1. Atick, J.J. Could information theory provide an ecological theory
- of sensory processing? Network 3:213-251. 1992.
- A nice review.
-
- 2. Atick, J.J. and Redlich, A.N. What does the retina know about
- natural scenes? Neural Computation 4:196-210. 1992.
-
- 3. Bialek, W. et al. Reading a neural code. Science 252:1854-1857.
- 28 June 1991.
-
- 4. Bialek, W. and Rieke, F. Reliability and information transmission
- in spiking neurons. Trends in Neurosciences 15(11);428-434. 1992.
- Review article.
-
- 5. Bialek, W. in 1989 Lectures in Complex Systems, SFI studies
- in the science of complexity. E. Jen, Ed. Addison Wesley, Reading,
- MA,1990. vol. 2 pp. 513-595.
- All the math you want and more...
-
- 5. Laughlin, S. The reliability of single neurons and circuit
- design: a case study. Chapter 17 in "The Computing Neuron", Eds:
- R. Durbin, C. Miall and G. Mitchison. (sorry, my copy doesn't
- have the publisher's name!).
- If you can't find this, check out any other paper by
- Simon Laughlin. He works on fly vision.
-
-
-
- Now everyone can go read these for this week's assignment and prepare
- a report due next week :-) :-) :-)
-
- -Venki Murthy
- Physiology & Biophysics
- Univ. of Washington
- Seattle, WA 98195.
- (venk@u.washington.edu)
-