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- From: Ralph Betza <gnohmon@ssiny.com>
- Newsgroups: alt.prose.d,alt.quotations,alt.usage.english,bit.listserv.words-l,misc.writing,misc.misc
- Subject: Figures of Speech and Their Names
- Keywords: metonymy, oxymoron, zeugma
- Message-ID: <930128.111819.9S5.rusnews.w165w@mantis.co.uk>
- Date: Thu, 28 Jan 93 11:18:19 GMT
- Sender: mathew <mathew@mantis.co.uk>
- Organization: Mantis Consultants, Cambridge. UK.
- X-Newsreader: rusnews v0.98
- Lines: 71
-
- As there seems to be no newsgroup whose scope is perfect for the
- following, I intend to post it to several groups; but for the
- moment, I am not posting it -- I am simply including it so that you
- can judge whether or not it is appropriate for this group.
-
- :-) The joke in the above paragraph is a form of apophasis, or
- paraleipsis. Apophasis is the name of a figure of speech.
-
- There are many figures of speech that have names. I love them,
- I love their names, I love to use the figures, I love to name them
- when I see them used. (( parataxis )) Alas, I cannot find a
- comprehensive list of them; there is no Audobon Guide (( eponymy? )).
-
- I append a sketch of such a list. Each entry is accompanied by
- either a (possibly paraphrased) dictionary definition or by an
- example so perfect that it renders the definition unnecessary.
-
- I am posting this in the hopes that some erudite net.people can help
- construct a fuller list, and I am including only a few of the known
- figure-of-speech names in this posting because it is possible that
- someone might point me to an existing list,
- Is there not some book that lists them all?
- Some ancient work on rhetoric?
- or a more appropriate newsgroup to which to seek help.
-
- Please note that I cannot read "alt.*" groups, nor in fact anything
- but "comp.*", and therefore I request email replies. Flames, on the
- other hand, should be posted publicly to those groups I am unable to
- read.
-
- And here is an example of what I am looking for:
-
- aposiopesis: "I used to use aposiopesis, but now I just..."
- apophasis: paraleipsis: a mentioning of something by denying that it
- will be mentioned
- apostrophe: a digression from a discourse, specifically turning
- aside from the audience to address an absent person or deity
- attribute
-
- metaphor: comparison with no use of "like"
- metastasis: in rhetoric, a rapid change from one point to another
- metonymy: naming a thing by one of its attributes; much overused by
- sportscasters.
-
- oxymoron: "military intelligence".
-
- parable: allegory; a story told by Lincoln or by Jesus is called a
- parable, one told by ordinary mortals, an allegory
- paradox: "the more things change the more they stay the same"
- paraleipsis: apophasis: "not to mention xxx"
- paronomasia: pun, specifically where the similarity of sound is the
- prominent characteristic.
- Note: "In Alabama the tusks are looser" is paranomasia,
- but "How an elephant got into my pajamas I'll never know"
- is zeugma.
-
- simile: "time flies like an arrow"
- syncrisis: fig. formed by comparison of opposites
- synecdoche: part for whole, or vice versa; "Have you got wheels?"
- synesis: construction in accordance with sense rather than syntax,
- e.g. using plural verb with collective noun to emphasize the
- individual members of the collective.
-
- zeugma: use of a word in two senses; "he opened the door and his
- heart to her"
-
- -Ralph Betza (FM),
- uunet!ssiny!gnohmon
-
- "The question of whether a computer can swim is more interesting
- than the question of whether a submarine can think" - Lenny Dykstra
-