home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!cleveland.Freenet.Edu!cj195
- From: cj195@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (John W. Redelfs)
- Newsgroups: alt.conspiracy
- Subject: Secret Societies
- Date: 25 Jan 1993 07:30:26 GMT
- Organization: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (USA)
- Lines: 84
- Message-ID: <1k04uiINNfp6@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>
- Reply-To: cj195@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (John W. Redelfs)
- NNTP-Posting-Host: thor.ins.cwru.edu
-
-
- The following is an extract from the article "Secret Societies" in the
- 1971 edition of ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.
-
- SECRET SOCIETIES, any of a large range of membership organizations or
- associations having secret initiation or other rituals, oaths, grips
- (handclasps) or other signs of recognition.
-
- [...] With all their diversity of type and origin, secret societies have
- certain characteristics of structure and function in common and some of
- their ceremonials reveal surprising similarities.
-
- [...] STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.--Secret societies are made up, ipso facto,
- of persons presumably oriented toward similar ends, and these ends
- usually manifest the characteristic differentiatin secret societies from
- all others--that is to say, the ends are secret. Moreover, admission to
- membership almost always involves the explicit obligation to preserve
- such secrecy, and penalties for its violation are likewise explicitly
- stated. The explicitness involved may sometimes apply only to the
- members of the society, for secrecy may be so complete that even the
- existence of some societies are not revealed to outsiders;
- revolutionary, heretical and similarly subversive societies are cases in
- point. More frequent is partial secrecy: the existence fo the society
- is publicly acknowledged or even proclaimed, as by the Ku Klux Klan
- (q.v.) in the U.S. after the Civil War and again in the 1920s and the
- 1950s and 1960s; at least some of the ends are made generally known;
- parts of the society's ceremonial are performed openly; and public
- co-operation with other groups having fundamentally differing ends may
- occasionally be undertaken.
-
- [...] Many secret societies operate through a system of degrees of
- progressively higher rank in which secrets are revealed step by step.
- Initiation is therefore hierarchical; members at the higher levels are
- more fully aware of the ends pursued by the society than are those at
- the lower. Consequently, secrets of recognition are graded. That is to
- say, although there is ordinarily a grip, password, ceremonialized
- greeting in question and answer form, esoteric phrase, or secret jargon
- serving many of the purposes of a special language that distinguishes
- even the lowest initiate from nonmenbers, the society has secrets within
- secrets. Those more fully initiated make every effort, by the use of
- special names, ordeals or revelations, to set themselves apart, on the
- one hand, and on the other to stimkulate the lower ranks to the effort
- necessary to reach the exalted degrees.
-
- The sedulous preservation of higher secrets serves several other
- purposes. For instance, beginning initiates are thereby impressed with
- the necessity for silence. Not only is this the case, but the art of
- remaining silent without giving offense to fellow members at lower
- levels is imparted by direct example. This is especially important when
- the "final truth" and the real ends of the society are known only to
- those in the more advanced degrees, and even more so when, as in a few
- societies, the supreme leaders remain unknown to the rank and file
- membership. An essential technique in all of this is that secrets
- remain unwritten, so far as possible; they must therfore be transmitted
- verbally in a master-pupil situation.
-
- [...] An astonisihing number of secret societies, when thoroughly
- investigated, can be shown to have ceremonials testifying to common
- origins or, at the very least, remote historical connections.
-
- -------------- end of extract
-
- I highly recommend this article to anyone wanting to understand secrect
- societies better. There is much more than I have extracted here of
- interest to one seeking additional knowledge about secret societies.
-
- How is anything know of secret societies if they are so secret? Why
- someone "spills the beans," of course. How can anyone know if the
- informant is telling the truth? Ahhh...that is a problem. What is to
- prevent a secret society from giving to some member the task of
- pretending to defect from the society and spreading misinformation?
- Who knows?
-
- What is the point of this exercise? I'd like all to know on
- alt.conspiracy that there are secret societies. A secret society could
- exist within the Council on Foreign Relations and Ted Frank wouldn't
- even know about it. Neither would Chip Berlett. And even if he did know
- about it he wouldn't say so.
-
- --
-
-
- --------- All my opinions are tentative pending further data. ---------
- ------------ John W. Redelfs, cj195@cleveland.Freenet.edu -------------
-