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- Newsgroups: alt.atheism
- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!news.funet.fi!ousrvr.oulu.fi!phoenix.oulu.fi!kempmp
- From: kempmp@phoenix.oulu.fi (Petri Pihko)
- Subject: Consciousness and the soul
- Message-ID: <1993Jan24.015049.18024@ousrvr.oulu.fi>
- Keywords: consciousness, soul, mental models, psychology
- Sender: news@ousrvr.oulu.fi
- Organization: University of Oulu, Finland
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL6]
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 01:50:49 GMT
- Lines: 69
-
- The recent talk on abortion touched on the subject of soul, which,
- according to nearly all religions, must exist as an entity which is
- somehow separate from the body and only temporarily linked to it.
- It was also claimed that science can never disprove the existence of
- soul. This is true, but somewhat misleading - by its very nature, science
- can never really _prove_ (or disprove) any hypothesis, it can only
- develop better and better theories and models of the world around us and,
- in the end, inside our brain.
-
- So, what _is_ human soul? Many Christians I've talked to claim it is
- exactly the part in me which is conscious, which makes decisions, which
- thinks, which guides our body. So it is essentially our "self". (Please,
- if you disagree with the above, present a better definition - I have never
- heard any atheist definitions ;-))
-
- Thus, this would imply that whenever I _want_ (ie, decide) to do something,
- I would first make a conscious decision somehow, somewhere in my brain,
- where the soul ( = self) supposedly resides, then show readiness to do
- it (for muscle movements, this can be readily measured by the readiness
- potential, which shifts to a different value before the muscle can contract),
- and then, finally, do what we wanted.
-
- Research on brains and consciousness has, however, demonstrated that
- this is not the order of events. For instance, Libet et al. (no, I don't
- have the reference at hand, unfortunately) have found that the readiness
- potential always comes first, and after a delay of approx. 400 ms, the
- subjects can report they wish to (flex their fingers, in this case).
- The time of a conscious desire was measured by allowing the subjects to
- watch a revolving spot and to report its position at the time they felt the
- urge to move.
-
- Thus, it seems as if the conscious "self" weren't so much in control
- after all, which would be a real contradiction with the above definition
- of soul. So, where is the "free will"? I make a wild guess here, but
- why do we have to link free will with the highest level of consciousness?
- I think it is the unconscious (or, the lower level of consciousness, see
- below) event in the brain that is really "free", ie, the "cause". But the
- conscious brain, once it becomes aware of what is going to happen, can
- veto the action 100...200 ms before it would have taken place, as was
- also demonstrated in Libet's studies.
-
- In an article by Susan Blackmore (in New Scientist, 1 April 1989), where
- Libet's work is also described, she tells us about some more radical
- views: Consciousness is just an illusion, an afterthought to help us.
- The concept of self, which is the brain's mental model of itself, separates
- "me" from "the rest of the world".
-
- It takes half a second to realise you've read this.
-
- Blackmore develops the idea further; she suggests that the brain develops
- many (infinitely many?) conscious mental models at all perceptual levels,
- but there is only one "me", my model of self. Thus, the rest of my body
- appears to be unconscious, since the other models do not include the concept
- of self.
-
- ..
-
- I would like to hear comments on this, also from the pro-soul Christians
- (if you read this newsgroup). The reason I post this to alt.atheism is
- that I think we have no reason to believe that our souls could be saved,
- if we don't even have any "soul", just a mental model.
-
- Petri
-
- --
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