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- From: rfentima@ub.d.umn.edu (Robert Fentiman)
- Newsgroups: alt.alien.visitors
- Subject: Re: The Cursor Speaks Out!
- Date: 24 Jan 1993 16:23:06 -0600
- Organization: University of Minnesota, Duluth
- Lines: 130
- Message-ID: <1jv4saINN66r@ub.d.umn.edu>
- References: <1jn5jpINNdvh@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> <1993Jan24.184626.27457@netcom.com>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: ub.d.umn.edu
-
- In article <1993Jan24.184626.27457@netcom.com> payner@netcom.com (Rich Payne) writes:
- :In article <1jn5jpINNdvh@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> smg6@po.CWRU.Edu (Stanley M. Golem) writes:
- :>
- :>While you may be correct in saying that there are no known planets
- :>associated with stars other than the sun, this is true only in that
- :>we have no absolute proof that such planets exist.
- :>
- :>This is misleading. Absolute proof in the form of a space probe or
- :>direct observation of another solar system is quite impossible given
- :>the limitations of modern technology.
-
- :>There is considerable indirect proof of which you may not be aware.
- :>Epsilon Eridani exhibits a "wobble" in its path through the celestial
- :>sphere which can be easily explained only by the presence of one or
- :>more "companions" with a total mass about six times that of Jupiter.
- :>Barnard's star (one of the closest to us) is thought to have two com-
- :>panions of 0.9 and 0.6 Jupiter masses.
-
- :Detection of a wobble by photographic means has always seemed a bit
- :suspicious to me. It seems that the error must exceed the magnitude
- :of the wobble. Perhaps use of CCDs would reduce the errors. This is
- :something about which I have doubts, can anyone confirm the innacuracies
- :present in photographic detection?
-
- I have done research into this matter, and the 'wobble' is NOT detected
- by photographs, but by radio signals. I posted earlier on this topic
- (in reply to the same person you did), and while my information was
- correct, it was not complete and I appologize for that.
-
- Here's how it works:
-
- The stars that you can detect the 'wobble' in are neutron stars
- (pulsars) that rotate many times every second (also known as millisecond
- pulsars). We receive these rotations as radio pulses, and can VERY
- accurately time them. The 'wobble' is when something causes the star to
- come a little closer and then farther from the earth, causing different
- time delays in the signal (sometimes as much as 10 milliseconds - a lot
- for something as massive as a neutron star). This suggests that
- gravitational forces are acting on the star (sometimes pulling twards
- the earth, and sometimes away). The most logical conclusion is there is
- an object (or objects) orbiting the star. Canculations can be made to
- estimate the mass of the objects orbiting the star.
-
- In July of 91, two researches said they discovered such a pulsar that had
- this 'wobble' effect. Unfortunately, they failed to include the orbit
- of the earth in their initial calculations, and when they did, the
- planet 'dissapeared'. However, since that time, other pulsars have been
- discovered which do have the 'wobble' effect in a pattern too complex
- for Earth's orbit to mimic (the researchers suggest 2-3 planets orbiting
- one pulsar), and there are at lest two other pulsars that I read about
- that have the 'wobble' effect as well. The documents I read on this
- matter suggest that with the possibility of planets existing in orbit of
- such a violent environment as a pulsar, planets may be more common in
- our galaxy than previously thought. Note that there have been NO
- optical searches that have revealed any hints of planets around other
- stars. Right now, pulsars are the only ones we can study (with Radio
- Telescopes).
-
- Sources (yes - actual sources. No false information. Look them up yourself).
-
- "Radio Pulses Hint at Unseen Planets"
- Science News, Vol 141, Jan 11, 1992, page 20
-
- "Planet dicovery retracted"
- Science News, Vol ???, Jan 25, 1992, page 53
-
- "The good companions"
- Nature, Vol 355, Jan 9, 1992, page 111-112
-
- "The planet vanishes"
- Nature, Vol 355, Jan 16, 1992, page 187-188
-
- "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257+12"
- Nature, Vol 355, Jan 9, 1992, page 145 147
-
- The last article gives very technical specs of the pulsar that is
- believed to have planets around it (not an error).
-
- :>There is also a good deal of other (indirect) evidence in the form of
- :>spectrographic studies, which may be found in many introductory text-
- :>books (at least in summary form). I would direct you to these for
- :>further information.
-
- :Spectroscopic detection allows much greater precision. So much that the
- :motion of the earth must be subtracted in fact. One report of planetary
- :detection was withdrawn as after suptracting the earths motion, the
- :signal disappeared.
-
- I already covered this.
-
- :>One might raise the objection that these companions are too large to be
- :>called planets. If they are nonluminous and orbiting a star, I don't
- :>know what else you'd call them.
-
- :So you would call a black hole or a neutron star a planet? The universe
- :may be a bit young for black dwarfs, but these would also fit the bill.
- :But cooler expired stars might not be detectable due to their small
- :surface area.
-
- If neutron stars were orbiting each other, it would be noticable. These
- bodies are not massive enough to be stars (less massive than Jupiter,
- which is said to be a star that was not massive enough to form). This
- information is from the pulsar that is suspected to really have planets
- (even with Earth's motion taken into account).
-
- :A more salient point is that in this context, the importance of planets
- :is that they may be home for extraterrestial life. If we restrict our
- :search to planets of a size we know can support life, then the number
- :drops to zero. I am not saying that gas giants cannot support life, but
- :that we do not -know- that gas giants can support life, excellent sci-fi
- :by A Clark notwithstanding.
-
- Mars can support life (alabeit simple, combon dioxide breathing). NASA
- officially lists life on Mars as 'inconclusive'. I believe this is due
- to a researcher who found bacteria living in antartica.
-
- :> In any case, their existence could
- :>not possibly hurt the chances of smaller planets being present. I
- :>hope this is useful.
-
- :Who knows? Honestly, how do you know. Suppose the sub-star inhabits the
- :habitibal zone (where liquid water is possible). Would that not affect
- :the possibility of life at that solar system?
-
- Thanks
- Robert Fentiman
-
- UseNet: rfentima@ub.d.umn.edu
- At: University of Minnesota, Duluth
-
-