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- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!swrinde!gatech!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- From: gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman)
- Subject: Re: satellite costs etc.
- Message-ID: <1993Jan5.200556.20136@ke4zv.uucp>
- Reply-To: gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
- Organization: Destructive Testing Systems
- References: <BzMwDx.KGw@zoo.toronto.edu> <1992Dec23.111923.22269@ke4zv.uucp> <BzqBvs.J8H@zoo.toronto.edu> <19 <1993Jan1.165738.24729@ke4zv.uucp> <ewright.726175018@convex.convex.com>
- Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1993 20:05:56 GMT
- Lines: 56
-
- In article <ewright.726175018@convex.convex.com> ewright@convex.com (Edward V. Wright) writes:
- >In <1993Jan1.165738.24729@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.uucp (Gary Coffman) writes:
- >
- >>Redundancy is always desirable if it's affordable, but there is a practical
- >>difficulty with having *cold* spares in orbit. Will they work when we need
- >>them?
- >
- >A cold spare is unlikely to be completely cold. More likely it will
- >operated in a low-power mode so that you can still run diagnostics
- >and self-tests on the hardware.
- >
- >>They have to be cold spares if they share the same orbital slot and
- >>frequencies.
- >
- >Not true. You can put two birds in the same slot but only use
- >half the transponders on each one. If the transponder frequency
- >X transponder fails on bird one, you switch to the frequency X
- >transponder on bird two. If bird one fails entirely, bird two
- >can take over the entire service til a new backup is launched.
-
- That might work, but you'd have to swap transponder *pairs* over
- from one bird to another due to frequency reuse on opposite
- polarizations. Trying to keep two independent satellites perfectly
- crosspolarized would be quite a strain on stationkeeping. The
- transponders also have their local oscillators phaselocked together
- and that would be tougher with two separate birds.
-
- I think the worst problem though isn't really technical. That's
- the waste of 50% of each satellite's capacity while it's still
- fresh. The longer the birds remain in orbit, the more radiation
- damage their solid state electronics accumulate, the more degradation
- in output of the solar cell arrays, the more aging on the batteries,
- and the more stationkeeping fuel expended. Keeping the spare in another
- slot allows all of each satellite's capacity to be used from the
- beginning, with secondary services subject to being "bumped" should
- a primary service fail.
-
- That's the way NBC is using K2 now. The primary feeds (east and west
- coast) are on K2-1 and K2-9 respectively. Less critical news feeds
- are on K2-7 and K2-13. They can reconfigure the prime network to the
- alternates without repositioning the Earth stations by a single software
- command transmitted to the Earth stations. If the bird fails in a way
- that loses all transponders, they have bumping rights on SBS 3 and
- Westar IV. That requires repositioning of all the Earth station antennas
- though. About half the network has secondary antennas at the Earth
- stations that are normally kept pointing at one of the backup birds,
- though they can be individually pulled off to other targets as need
- arises.
-
- Gary
-
- --
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