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- Newsgroups: sci.physics.fusion
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!pacbell.com!tandem!zorch!fusion
- From: DROEGE@fnald.fnal.gov
- Subject: Status #8 Cell 4A3
- Message-ID: <930108154904.20602115@FNALD.FNAL.GOV>
- Sender: scott@zorch.SF-Bay.ORG (Scott Hazen Mueller)
- Reply-To: DROEGE@fnald.fnal.gov
- Organization: Sci.physics.fusion/Mail Gateway
- Date: Sat, 9 Jan 1993 04:20:27 GMT
- Lines: 108
-
- Status #8 Cell 4A3
-
- To the non-experts out there, please don't copy this data down as if it were
- the gospel. To the experts, please look at this and tell me if there is a
- reason to do it right i.e. with about 200 grams of Pd that has been properly
- outgassed.
-
- The experiment is presently in the "watching paint fade" stage. At about 400
- hours into the run, there is nothing to see except small changes (one sigma or
- less) due to outside temperature variations. Since I would like to present
- something about the experiment every few days, I have spent a little time
- looking at the charging data. (Oh! for a student.) The 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 mm
- cathode was charged over a period of 21 hours by a current ramp which
- increased from 1 ma to 46.9 ma over that time. The hourly data is presented
- below:
-
- JSUM Gas D/Pd G*26.34 Diff/G K
- 0 0 0 0 0
- +.6 0.02 0.000 -0.53 -28.2
- -16.0 0.59 0.009 -15.54 0.4 37
- -33.4 1.18 0.018 -31.08 1.0 92
- -56.2 1.89 0.030 -49.78 1.7 156
- -45.1 3.05 0.048 -80.34 5.8 533
- -52.5 4.41 0.070 -116.16 7.2 662
- -71.1 6.27 0.099 -165.15 7.5 689
- -85.1 8.61 0.136 -226.79 8.2 754
- -130.1 11.31 0.178 -297.91 7.4 680
- -197.4 14.66 0.231 -386.14 6.4 588
- -283.2 18.41 0.290 -484.92 5.5 505
- -375.2 22.41 0.353 -590.28 4.8 441
- -479.8 26.73 0.422 -704.07 4.2 386
- -597.9 31.43 0.496 -827.87 3.7 340
- -714.6 36.41 0.574 -959.04 3.4 312
- -859.5 41.84 0.660 -1102.07 2.9 266
- -1003.1 46.53 0.734 -1225.60 2.4 220
- -1129.9 49.41 0.779 -1301.46 1.7 156
- -1216.1 50.66 0.799 -1334.38 1.2
- -1279.7 50.37 0.794 -1326.75 0.5
- -1332.2 50.40 0.795 -1327.54 -0.0
-
- The first two columns are raw data. JSUM is the integrated balance in
- joules. The minus sign means that extra heat had to be added to keep the
- calorimeter in balance. Gas is the cc of gas accumulated in the syringe. The
- rest of the columns are my computations and subject to horrible errors. The
- measured one sigma calorimeter drift at the start of this run is of order 5
- mw. Actual measured peak to peak drift in the 10 hours before the run started
- was 9 mw. (Dieter, I know you have noted my 35 mw one sigma, but this is for
- making a large temperature change coming back to an old balance point - and
- likely turned out to be optimistic.) This means that the error of the JSUM
- measurement is time dependent. This would give a one sigma error after one
- hour of 18 joules, and for the last entry at hour 21 of 378 joules. The gas
- measurements are somewhat better, the servo resolution is 1/70 cc, and the
- balance is always good to a few steps. There should be a temperature
- correction proportional to the gas in the syringe (the gas in the calorimeter
- is at constant temperature) and the ambient temperature. It has not been
- made. There are also unknown barometric pressure changes, but there was no
- violent weather during the test period. The peak to peak ambient temperature
- variation over this run was 0.9 C. There is also a syringe non-linearity that
- has not been thoroughly investigated but which I have checked at a few points
- to 1% with a 1% gas burette. All in all, I would put a limit on the error of
- the gas measurement at 2% of the reading.
-
- What we would like to get from this data, is a measure of heat of absorption
- of Palladium/Deuterium as a function of the gas loading. There are problems.
- First there is a calorimeter servo time lag. Even though we tried to charge
- very slowly, the calorimeter thinks a while before it reports the balance.
- This makes the last few points particularly suspect where the conditions are
- switching from the Palladium absorbing nearly all of the Deuterium to none of
- it. Since this results in a real change of operating power level, the servo
- must compensate, and so lags behind. Next, there is the measurement problem
- due to the known errors mentioned above. We note that these errors could be
- reduced by a factor of up to 500 if we just run a larger Palladium cathode.
- We could also reduce the servo errors by charging somewhat more slowly. But
- this is an "anomalous heat" run and was not optimized for measurement of the
- heat of absorption.
-
- The major problem with this run is that it has an unknown D/Pd starting point.
- Since the first try at starting this run was aborted by a gas leak, it is
- quite possible that the starting point was not 0.0 D/Pd but more like 0.1. We
- attempted to remove the gas from the aborted start by running the cell weakly
- backwards, but with an unknown result. There is also the problem that our
- Palladium "coin" bar has an unknown gas absorption history.
-
- The G*26.34 column is the joules lost per cc because the measured oxygen did
- not recombine to form water. This is derived from the 1.53*I energy for dis-
- association, 96,484 coulombs per mole, two atoms per D2, and the fact that we
- are measuring O2 not D2 giving another factor of two. Someone please check as
- I always worry that I will mis-count charges or something.
-
- The Diff/G column is the difference between the joules per cc of un recombined
- oxygen and the calorimeter balance, divided by the absorbed D (2*observed
- oxygen) to get the average joules per cc of D absorbed integrated up to the
- indicated D/Pd loading. The plus sign for most of this data indicates that
- the absorption of D by Palladium releases heat.
-
- The K column converts the Diff/G column to kilocalories per mole D2 absorbed
- at the indicated D/Pd loading. I have not computed all the entries in this
- column where the error limits make the measurement meaningless.
-
- It seems to me that there is a hint in this data that much of the heat of
- absorption comes from the first 0.13 or so of D/Pd (or 0.23 if this sample
- started at the suspected 0.1). After that, less and less heat is released per
- unit absorbed. Is there a thermodynamic reason for this? I have F. A. Lewis,
- "The Palladium Hydrogen System", can someone point me to the right curve for
- comparison?
-
- Tom Droege
-
-