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- Path: sparky!uunet!utcsri!relay.cs.toronto.edu!neuron.ai.toronto.edu!ai.toronto.edu!radford
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- From: radford@cs.toronto.edu (Radford Neal)
- Subject: Re: Budding Physicist
- Message-ID: <93Jan7.135425edt.804@neuron.ai.toronto.edu>
- Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto
- References: <93007.100220STANTONK@QUCDN.QueensU.CA>
- Date: 7 Jan 93 18:54:54 GMT
- Lines: 35
-
- In article <93007.100220STANTONK@QUCDN.QueensU.CA> Ken <STANTONK@QUCDN.QueensU.CA> writes:
-
- >My seven year old asked me a question that left me scratching my head...
- >what [is] the MAXIMUM possible temperature, according to theory?
-
- The maximum possible temperature is -0.
-
- No, that's not a typo - the answer is minus zero.
-
- You see, at the minimum possible temperature, which is +0, the system
- is always in its lowest energy state. As the temperature rises, other
- states become more probable, until, at a temperature of plus infinity,
- all states become equally likely. Going futher, one can sometimes
- arrainge for the *higher* energy states to be more likely than the
- lower energy ones, a situation described by the temperature wrapping
- around to minus infinity, and then increasing further to smaller
- negative numbers as you go on. At the hottest possible temperature the
- system must be in its highest energy state, and is assigned a
- temperature of minus zero.
-
- This makes more sense if you define the "coldness" to be the
- reciprocal of the temperature. Then a temperature of zero becomes a
- coldness of infinity, logically enough. An infinite temperature gives
- zero coldness, and as you go on from there, you get into negative
- coldnesses, reaching a coldness of minus infinity at a temperature of
- minus zero.
-
- Negative levels of coldness cannot, however, be obtained with systems
- where there are molecules zipping around. Those can only go,
- asymptotically, to zero coldness, and infinite temperature, as the
- molecules go faster and faster. There's no reason to think the
- temperature in such systems can't get arbitrarily close to infinity
- (or at least no reason simple enough for me to understand).
-
- Radford Neal
-