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- From: metzler@pablo.physics.lsa.umich.edu (Chris Metzler)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.astro
- Subject: Re: reported dark matter observation (PART 1)
- Date: 6 Jan 1993 01:15:25 GMT
- Organization: University of Michigan Department of Physics
- Lines: 86
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <1idbrdINNsrl@terminator.rs.itd.umich.edu>
- References: <1993Jan5.235706.25449@wam.umd.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: pablo.physics.lsa.umich.edu
-
- In article <1993Jan5.235706.25449@wam.umd.edu>, mrmuon@next06pg2.wam.umd.edu (Eli John Hawkins) writes:
- |> I saw a brief item las night on an overnight news show. It was something
- |> about dark matter having been observed with X-ray astronomy and that it is
- |> supposed to be enough to close the universe.
- |> I imagine that someone on the net knows more about this.
- |> Has this been published (if so, where) or just announced?:
- |> What's the deal?
- |> --
- |> Eli Hawkins : mrmuon@wam.umd.edu
-
- Here's the deal. What Rick Mushotzky and collaborators did is use
- ROSAT (a German X-ray satellite) to measure carefully the gas mass
- and total mass of a small group of galaxies. This let them calculate
- a value for Omega, which turns out to be much higher than previous
- efforts in this regard.
-
- That's the short version. Here comes the long version. (from here on
- out, I'm assuming the Cosmological Constant \Lambda = 0) We'll do this
- in three steps.
-
- 1. Mass estimates for groups and clusters of galaxies are important because
- they give you a way to get at \Omega_o, the ratio of the mean mass density of
- the universe to the critical value. If \Omega_o > 1, the universe is closed,
- the Hubble expansion should slow down, stop and reverse, and everything should
- eventually collapse back upon itself. If \Omega_o < 1, the universe is open
- and should continue in free expansion forever. If \Omega_o = 1, the
- universe is flat and should expand forever but asymptotically approach
- no-expansion. So cosmologically speaking, \Omega_o is the quantity of
- interest.
-
- Now, how do cluster masses let us get at \Omega_o? Assume for a second
- that we know the total mass of a cluster of galaxies, as well as the
- total mass in normal, baryonic-type matter. In the absence of any
- significant dissipation (and dissipation should not be important on
- these huge scales), all the matter in the cluster should have fallen
- in from the same volume. Then the ratio of the mass in baryons to
- the total mass (the baryon fraction of the cluster) should equal
- the ratio of the average baryon density in that original volume to the
- average total density in that original volume,
-
- M <rho >
- baryon baryon
- ------- = ----------- .
- M <rho >
- tot total
-
-
- Now, overdensities that result in clusters of galaxies are not that
- huge ( ~10^-3). So, we introduce only a very small error by considering
- these average densities to be representative of the universe as a whole.
- Then dividing the numerator and the denominator by the critical density,
- we get
-
- M <Omega >
- baryon baryon
- ------- = ------------- .
- M <Omega >
- tot total
-
- where \Omega_baryon is the ratio of the mean baryon (normal matter)
- density of the universe to the critical value, and \Omega_total is
- the ratio of the average total density (considering all components
- in the universe) to the critical value. Note that \Omega_total
- is what we above described as \Omega_o, the quantity of interest.
- We thus have that \Omega_o is equal to \Omega_baryon divided by
- the baryon fraction of the cluster. The very-successful theory
- of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis tells us what \Omega_baryon is; the
- X-ray observations tell us what the baryon fraction of clusters
- are by measuring the two masses.
-
- Up to this point, efforts to do this keep coming up over and over
- with values for \Omega_o of 0.1-0.3.
-
- Urp, gotta run, my ride's here. Parts 2 and 3 will explain how
- they got their mass values, and what it may mean. Sorry to break
- thought like this; rest'll come later tonight.
-
-
- --
- SNAILMAIL: AT&TMAIL:
- Chris Metzler 313-764-4607 (office)
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan 313-996-9249 (home)
- Randall Lab, 500 E. University
- Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120 USA
-
- E-MAIL: metzler@pablo.physics.lsa.umich.edu
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