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- From: matmcinn@nuscc.nus.sg (brett mcinnes)
- Subject: Re: TIME HAS INERTIA - GOEDEL's THEOREMS - att: Dr.PRATT, Mc CULLOUGH
- Message-ID: <1993Jan11.040116.19366@nuscc.nus.sg>
- Organization: National University of Singapore
- X-Newsreader: Tin 1.1 PL4
- References: <abian.726695664@pv343f.vincent.iastate.edu>
- Date: Mon, 11 Jan 1993 04:01:16 GMT
- Lines: 178
-
- abian@iastate.edu (Alexander Abian) writes:
- : Summary: Completeness and two Incomplteness Theorems of Goedel
- : Keywords:
- :
- : TIME HAS INERTIA
- :
- : STRICTLY FOR DEVOTED READERS OF: TIME HAS INERTIA
- :
- : ON GOEDEL's THEOREMS: att: Dr. PRATT and Mc CULLOUGH
- :
- :
- : In our attempt to model THE PLANET EARTH we construct GLOBES that
- : can be bought, say, in bookstores.
- :
- : Question 1. DOES A GLOBE CONSTRUCTED ON THE PLANET EARTH AND
- : LOCATED, say, ON THE NORTH POLE OF THE PLANET
- : EARTH, MODEL THE PLANET EARTH ?
- :
- : This is essentially the central question involved in Goedel's INCOMPLETE-
- : NESS theorem.
- :
- : The answer is NO !
- :
- : PROOF. Assume on the contrary that the Globe that we constructed and
- : located on the North Pole of the Earth models the Earth. Then our planet
- : Earth now has a Globe on its North Pole, whereas our Globe does not have
- : a Globe on its North Pole. Thus, our Globe does not model our Planet
- : Earth. But this contradicts our assumption. Thus, our constructed Globe
- : which is located on the planet Earth does not model the planet Earth.
- :
- : Hence, our answer "NO" is proved.
- :
- : Note that locating the Globe on the North pole is not essential.
- : Analogous proof can be given no matter where ON THE PLANET EARTH
- : the Globe is located.
- :
- : Note also that in the above example it is not essential that the Globe
- : is necessarily constructed on the planet Earth.
- :
- : The essential implication of the above Proof is:
- :
- :
- : (G2) A MODEL OF THE PLANET EARTH SYSTEM CANNOT BE PROVED TO
- : EXIST ON THE EARTH SYSTEM ITSELF
- :
- :
- : Question 2. DOES A GLOBE OF PLANET EARTH, CONSTRUCTED AND
- : LOCATED ON THE MOON, MODEL THE PLANET EARTH ?
- :
- :
- : The answer is: YES !
- :
- : PROOF. The construction of the Globe on the Moon and its
- : locating on the Moon does not alter the Earth. So it does model the
- : Earth.
- :
- : The essential implication of the above proof is:
- :
- :
- : (E2) A MODEL OF THE PLANET EARTH SYSTEM CAN BE PROVED TO
- : EXISTS ON A MORE POWERFUL EXTENDED EARTH-MOON SYSTEM
- :
- :
- : (There are some crackpots who in contradistinction to (G2) claim that
- : locating Globe 1 on the North pole of the Earth, then locating
- : Globe 2 on the North pole of Globe 1, then locating Globe 3 on the
- : North pole of Globe 2, then locating Globe 4 on the North pole of
- : Globe 3 AND SO ON ... allows the construction of a Model of the system
- : on the system itself. Indeed, these crackpots claim that everyone of
- : the Globes 1, 2, 3, 4, ... does model the system. Of course, the
- : Professional Guardians of Logic disagree with these crackpots because
- : the usage of the words AND SO ON).
- :
- : The (G2) statement above is the heart, the emotional fiber,
- : the romantisized, subconsciously powerful and profound version of
- : the OFFICIAL AND FORMAL GOEDEL'S SECOND INCOMPLETENESS THEOREM
- : which I will mention shortly.
- :
- : First, however, let me mention that by Goedel's CMPLETENESS
- : Theorem:
- : THE CONSISTENCY OF THE FORMAL FIRST ORDER THEORIES AND
- : THE EXISTENCE OF MODELS FOR THEM are equivalent statements,
- :
- : i.e.,in a crackpotish way, we can say:
- :
- : (C1) A system of statements is consistent if and only if
- : there exists a model for that system
- :
- : a more crackpotish way, is to say:
- :
- : (C1) Consistency is the same thing as having models
- :
- : where, of course a system of statements is called consistent if no
- : statement and its negation are both derivable from the system
- : (all this in reference to FIRST ORDER THEORIES -consult any
- : graduate MATH LOGIC or MODEL theoretic textbook- there are
- : dozens of them)
- :
- : Now, the OFFICIAL, FORMAL Statement of Goedel's Second
- : Incompleteness Theorem (the emotional version of which I gave
- : in (G2) above) is:
- :
- : (GOEDEL 2) Let S be a formal first order system whose axioms are
- : given by some recursive rule. If S is consistent and
- : the partial recursive functions can be embedded in S, then
- : consistency of S (i.e., con S) cannot be proved in S.
- :
- :
- : Now, what is Goedel's First Incompleteness Theorem?
- :
- : The emotional, romantisized, subconsciously powerful and deep
- : version of Goedel's First Incompleteness theorem is:
- :
- : (G1) THERE EXISTS NO INFINITE MODEL THAT CANNOT BE EXTENDED
- : TO A LARGER MODEL MODELING OBJECTS THAT COULD NOT
- : BE MODELED IN THE ORIGINAL MODEL.
- :
- : For instance if the objects of a model are all finite subsets of
- : integers, we may extend it in variety of ways by various infinite
- : subsets of integers.
- :
- : The Formal statement of (G1) is:
- :
- : (Goedel 1) Let S be a formal first order system whose axioms are
- : given by some recursive rule. If S is consistent and the
- : partial recursive functions can be embedded in S then
- : there exists an UNDECIDABLE statement p such that neither
- : p nor its negation -p (not p) can be proved from the
- : axioms of S.
- :
- : (for this Formal statement consult any graduate text of Math Logic
- : or Model Theory)
- :
- : Clearly, (Goedel 2) is a special case of (Goedel 1) where p
- : can be taken as "con S".
- :
- : Thus, any formal system such as S will always have an unde-
- : cidable statement, a fact that shattered into pieces, smashed and
- : delivered the death blow to Hilbert's program of trying to prove the
- : consistency of systems such as S (or more powerful than S) by finit-
- : istic methods.
- :
- :
- : I am exhausted and it is time to listen to Chopin's 24 th etude
- : in C minor. I think I mistyped in my last nights posting by typing
- : Chopin's 24 th etude in A minor, I meant Chopin's 23 rd etude in A minor.
- :
- : This morning I had 12 e-mail messages. As I have repeatedly
- : mentioned, I do not read my e-mail messages and all the 12 e-mail
- : messages were deleted.
- :
- : Please communicate with me EXCLUSIVELY via sci.physics
- :
- : Subject; TIME HAS INERTIA.
- :
- : With love, Alexander Abian
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
- : --
- : The tendency of maintaining the status-quo, Reaction to provocation and
- : The tendency of maintaining again a status-quo.
- : TIME HAS INERTIA and some energy is lost to move Time forward
- : E = mcc (Einstein) must be replaced by E = m(0) exp(-At) (Abian)
-