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- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!mary.fordham.edu!nissim
- From: nissim@mary.fordham.edu (Leonard J. Nissim)
- Subject: Re: Simpson's Paradox
- References: <93005.090225U15803@uicvm.uic.edu>
- Sender: nobody@ctr.columbia.edu
- Organization: Fordham University
- Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1993 20:45:00 GMT
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- Message-ID: <5JAN199316455361@mary.fordham.edu>
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- In article <93005.090225U15803@uicvm.uic.edu>,
- Manuel M. Flores <U15803@uicvm.uic.edu> writes...
- >Does anybody know where I might find a text file explaining Simpson's
- >Paradox as it applies to statistics? Or any other text files explaining
- >other such theories?
- >
- >Thanks,
- >
- >MMF
-
- In the November 1992 issue of the American Mathematical Monthly, two
- examples of Simpson's Paradox are given; here is one of them:
-
- Ken Oberkfell Mike Scioscia
-
- At-bats hits batting ave At-bats hits batting ave
- 1983 488 143 .293 35 11 .314
- 1984 324 87 .269 341 93 .273
- --- --- --- ---
- 2-year total 812 230 .283 376 104 .277
-
- The "paradox" is that Scioscia beat Oberkfell (in batting average) in each of
- the two years, but lost to him in the 2-year composite.
-
- It is not a paradox at all; just a demonstraton that a1/b1 > c1/d1 and
- also a2/b2 > c2/d2 do *not* imply that (a1+a2)/(b1+b2) > (c1+c2)/(d1+d2).
-
- E.H. Simpson's original paper "The interpretation of interaction in contingency
- tables" can be found in the Journal of the Royal Stat. Soc., series B, vol. 13,
- no. 2, (1951) pp238-241. (Sorry, have no electronic file of it.)
-
- The A.M.M. article was written by Richard J. Friedlander, Dept. of Mathematics
- and Computer Science, Univ. of Missouri--St. Louis.
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Leonard Nissim, notorious Dodger fanatic (nissim@mary.fordham.edu)
- Disclaimer: "I speak only for myself."
- World Championships: Brooklyn-----1955
- Los Angeles--1959 1963 1965 1981 1988
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-