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- From: hougen@focus.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: Generalization of binomial theorem wanted
- Date: 5 Jan 1993 03:08:45 GMT
- Organization: Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Lines: 55
- Message-ID: <1iau3tINNn3l@roundup.crhc.uiuc.edu>
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- NNTP-Posting-Host: focus.csl.uiuc.edu
- Keywords: binomial
-
- hougen@focus.csl.uiuc.edu (Darrell Roy Hougen) writes:
-
- % In terms of m and n, how many unique terms are there in
- % (x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_m)^n
- % when it is expanded?
-
- Thanks to everyone who reminded me about multinomial coefficients. It
- should have been obvious. I've included one response below:
-
- # The number of terms equals the number of (a1,...,am) where each a is a
- # non-negative integer and a1+...+am = n. (Obviously.) Less obviously, this
- # number equals the binomial coefficient (m+n-1 choose m-1).
- #
- # Why? Well, convert (a1,...,am) to a row of symbols like this: write down
- # a1 dots, then a slash, then a2 dots, then a slash, ..., then am dots. This
- # produces a row of m+n-1 symbols, of which m-1 are slashes and n are dots.
- # Conversely, given any such row we can get a sequence (a1,...,am) by counting
- # the number of dots between each pair of slashes (and at the start, and at
- # the end). So the number of (a1,...,am) equals the number of such rows of
- # symbols, and this is just (m+n-1 choose m-1) because we can choose m-1
- # "positions" to contain slashes and put dots in the other n.
- #
- # The coefficient of x1^a1.x2^a2...xm^am, incidentally, is n!(a1!a2!...am!):
- # a so-called multinomial coefficient.
- #
- # --
- # Gareth McCaughan Dept. of Pure Mathematics & Mathematical Statistics,
- # gjm11@cus.cam.ac.uk Cambridge University, England. [Research student]
-
-
- I should have stated in the original post that I was looking for the
- number of terms in the complete polynomial of degree n by which I mean
- the polynomial with terms of all degrees less than or equal to n.
- This can easily be obtained from the multinomial coefficients by
- writing sum (i=1 to n) of (i+m-1 choose m-1). This is equal to my
- original formula (and much simpler):
-
- % The formula I have is
- % n
- % sum sum 1
- % i = 1 k_1 <= k_2 <= ... <= k_i <= m
-
- The second sum is just the multinomial coefficient. This can be seen
- by noticing that there are still m-1 "slashes" and the number of
- "dots" between the (p-1)st pair of slashes can be computed by counting
- the number of k_j's corresponding the pth variable. The number of
- k_j's is equal to 'i' which completes the proof.
-
- Thanks again to all who responded.
-
- Darrell R. Hougen
-
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