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- From: alanm@hpindda.cup.hp.com (Alan McGowen)
- Date: Tue, 12 Jan 1993 01:04:57 GMT
- Subject: Temperate zone habitat loss
- Message-ID: <149180223@hpindda.cup.hp.com>
- Organization: HP Information Networks, Cupertino, CA
- Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!sdd.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcss01!hpindda!alanm
- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- Lines: 68
-
-
- Paul Burnett asks:
-
- >AM>Numerous "poor underdeveloped countries" have postcolonial economies depende
- > >on a few cash crops established during colonial times. The cash crops -- e.g
- > >sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco, pineapples, etc -- have taken a tremendous toll
- > >on native ecosystems -- replacing them entirely over vast tracts.
- >
- >Somehow, this reminds me that the same holds true for the majority of
- >crops grown in _this_ country - tobacco, cotton, corn, sugar, etc. Do
- >you worry about the "vast tracts" of native ecosystems replaced here?
-
- In one word -- yes.
-
- The temperate zone is less biodense than the tropics and has much lower rates
- of endemism (geographical restriction of a species' range, usually to region of
- origin) so the loss in *species* diversity is higher in the tropics per unit
- area destroyed than in the temperate zone. However, there has certainly been
- considerable loss in the temperate zone, especially at the *population* level
- of diversity.
-
- The impact of temperate zone habitat loss is also ongoing:
-
- *) Range restriction in the temperate zone resulting from agricultural
- conversion has pushed many species well below the total numbers needed to
- maintain polymorphism (of *currently* selectively neutral variation) against
- genetic drift, reducing their future adaptation potential and possibly their
- intrinsic speciation potential.
-
- *) It has pushed many species and geographical populations down to numbers low
- enough that their chances of persistence against extinction per thousand
- years -- or even per century -- are poor to dismal.
-
- *) By eliminating many local populations, it has changed the metapopulation
- structure of huge numbers of species, with consequences that conservation
- biologists have only recently begun to study -- but which often seem to induce
- augmentation of the rate of loss of overall genetic diversity and further
- reduction of persistance probabilities. Reduction of gene flow and of the
- probability of recolonization after a local extinction often occur as a
- result of these metapopulation reductions. Some species that were formerly
- very widespread are now entirely dependent upon a single geographical
- population for all their future prospects.
-
- *) Homogenization of temperate zone environments -- reduced spatial diversity --
- means reduced gradients of biotic selection factors from locale to locale.
- This, especially when coupled with reduced genetic diversity, almost certainly
- means a reduction of overall speciation rates.
-
- * * * * * * * *
-
- Habitat loss in the temperate zone is by no means a thing of the past: it is
- continuing apace and indeed accelerating. Anyone who has spent a few decades
- outside an urban core can remember woods and swamps, meadows and abandoned
- fields that are no more, and can perhaps recall animals that are seen no more
- in those parts. All that has been replaced by shopping centers, golf courses,
- airports, industrial parks...
-
- But then of course -- *we* don't have a population problem in *this* country.
- Just ask the many technological supremecists who hang out in this group,
- chatting about their souped-up reactors, occasionally flashing an arithmetic
- switchblade for their peers' admiration.
-
- ------------
- Alan McGowen
-
- "Models are tools for thinkers, not crutches for the thoughtless." -- Michael
- Soule.
-
-