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- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!sunic!sics.se!boortz
- From: boortz@sics.se (Kent Boortz)
- Subject: What is the truth about resistors?
- Message-ID: <BOORTZ.93Jan13013517@dunlop.sics.se>
- Sender: news@sics.se
- Organization: Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Kista
- Distribution: sci
- Date: Wed, 13 Jan 1993 00:35:17 GMT
- Lines: 89
-
-
-
- My last question was "What is the truth about caps", now I have
- questions about resistors in a low noise preamp design.
-
- Metal film has low noise but but SMD are thick film types and
- has poor noise performance. So where do I have to use low noise
- resistors and where can I use SMD resistors?
-
- Imagine a fairly standard two transistor preamplifer. Witch ones should be
- of low noise type:
-
- R1C 39K collector resistor for the first stage
-
- R1E 2.2K emitter resistor that are in parallel with a
- electrolytic cap and in series with...
-
- RS a 6.6 ohm resistor from R1E to ground.
- There are two emitter resistors in series, R1E and RS.
-
- R2C 1K collector resistor for the second stage
-
- R2E 180 ohm emitter resistor for the second stage that
- has a electrolytic cap in parallel
-
- RD 1K DC feedback resistor from first stage base to
- last stage emitter
-
- RA 2.2K a AC feedback resistor from the connection of RS and
- RE1 and to the collector of stage two, i.e. the output
-
- This is what I think. R1C is important because it is in the first stage
- and current variations will be amplified of stage two. RE1 is not
- important because it has a cap in parallel that short circuit most
- AC including the noise. The same is for R2E. R2C Is in the last stage
- and will not give significant noise. RD will for AC be a resistor
- from the input pin to ground and could give a lot of noise. RA and
- RS is harder. The value of RS is just 6.6 ohm, will it give significant noise?
- If RA gives much noise I don't want to replace it with a trim potentiometer
- but use a swither with different metal film resistors for gain adjustment.
- (I assume there will be noise when I switch ;-(
-
- The source will be a 200 ohm mic.
-
- Do you have any thoughts about this?
-
- Now some more cap questions. The caps used in this design is rather
- large, 470uF for the input, 100uF bypass in the first stage and 220uF
- bypass in the second stage.
-
- I can't do much about the input cap, I suppose it has to be that high
- for a 200 ohm source and a 200 ohm inout.
-
- My first thought was that if I reduce the bypass caps values I will
- lose gain in the low frequencies. I think this is wrong, it will give
- higher distortion in the low frequencies?
-
- The gain is set with RS and RA to 333 (=2200/6.6). As long as the total
- gain without feedback at the lowest frequency I want it to handle is
- over 333 there will be no gain loss with feedback. If the gain without
- feedback is nearly as low as 333 the distortion will be very high.
-
- Am I right?
-
- How bad is it to accept less gain without feedback?
- Does transistors give more or less distortion at frequencies
- below, lets say 200 Hz. How about the human ear. Is it more or less
- sensitive for distortion at these frequencies?
-
- Is there any general rule how much higher the gain without feedback
- should be in relation to the gain with feedback? Maybe I can remove
- the bypass caps totally. If I remember correctly removing them is
- also feedback to each stage and distorsion goes down?
-
- Why do I bother, caps are very cheap? I want to keep the values as low
- as possible to save space on the PCB but keep the good performance.....
-
- The input transistor is a selected BC 337. It is not stated HOW it is
- selected. It was chooses because it is high current and has low input
- impedance. Do you understand how it is selected? The book it is taken
- from is rather old, do you know a better "low noise" transistor to use?
-
- /kgb
-
-
-
- --
- Kent Boortz
- boortz@sics.se
-