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- Path: sparky!uunet!news.mentorg.com!sdl!sdl!usenet
- From: garyg@warren.mentorg.com (Gary Gendel)
- Newsgroups: sci.electronics
- Subject: Re: ASICs - what can you do with'em?
- Date: 5 Jan 1993 18:05:29 GMT
- Organization: Mentor Graphics Corp. -- IC Group
- Lines: 68
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <1icil9INNgt0@sdl.Warren.MENTORG.COM>
- References: <etxansk.726247208@garbod26>
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-
- Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS) are developed using a semi-custom
- design style (prepackaged building blocks). Virtually any custom design can
- theoretically be done as an ASIC design. Below outlines the steps necessary to
- produce an ASIC design.
-
- 1) Design Architecting
- This is usually performed with schematic capture tools, however
- it is possible to enter a design textually. Certain high level
- functions may require cell compilation (RAMS, ROMS, PLAS,
- Multipliers, etc.) tool, and are usually supplied by the silicon
- vendor (for a hefty fee).
-
- 2) Design Verification
- This requires simulation tools, electrical rules checkers, and
- possibly timing analysis tools. Wiring parasitics should be
- estimated at this stage and included in the description, if not
- the timing margins should be made extremely conservative.
-
- 3) Design Layout
- This is usually done by an automated package.
-
- 4) Post-Layout Verification
- The same tools are run as in the Design Verification phase, only
- the actual wiring parasitics are included. Steps 3 and 4 may need
- iteration until the design specifications are met.
-
- 5) Test Program Generation
- This requires a good understanding of testing methodology. Some
- vendors may require fault coverage analysis (fault simulation) on
- your design.
-
- 6) Manufacturing
-
- Typically, a commercial vendor requires at least $50,000 (USD) as a NRE
- (non-recurring engineering) expense. Each mask manufactured may cost up
- to $1000 (there are processes that require approx. 20 mask levels). A
- commercial setup for design usually runs in the $100,000.
-
- Now that I have scared you away, there are some less expensive options:
-
- 1) FPGA (field programmable arrays)
- Similar to designs created using a gate-array approach,
- they allow you to program the functionality (including
- sequential operations). It also alleviates the need for
- developing a test program, as the device can be tested
- in the application system.
-
- 2) The MOSIS project.
- This project allows a group of designers to share the
- costs of manufacturing. Instead of a single design per
- wafer, a number of designs are placed on the wafer. MOSIS
- was created to allow University students to manufacture
- designs at low cost. There are a number of University tools
- available (SPICE, MAGIC, etc.) that are available with
- MOSIS libraries. I suggest you contact your local
- University's Electrical Engineering department if interested.
-
- As for your chip that creates hsync and vsync from a clock. I did this in an
- ASIC for RCA back in 1979 (before the term ASIC was born). I am confident
- that it can be done today (the tricky part was, if I remember, generating
- the proper delay lines), However, I would be suprised if it weren't already
- available commercially, these devices are called sync generators.
-
- Gary
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