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- From: sitomlin@cantor.math.uwaterloo.ca (Stephen I. Tomlinson)
- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- Subject: The Emerging Knowledge Economy
- Message-ID: <C0nIv4.M8E@undergrad.math.waterloo.edu>
- Date: 10 Jan 93 18:47:28 GMT
- Sender: news@undergrad.math.waterloo.edu
- Organization: University of Waterloo
- Lines: 85
-
- In her book, _Shifting Gears: Thriving in the New Economy_
- (Toronto: HarperCollins, October 1992), innovative economic consultant
- Nuala Beck reports many of her findings from her four years of research
- on how the North American economy is changing. She argues new measuring
- tools are needed to guide workers, investors, managers and policy-makers.
-
- Beck argues that there is a great misunderstanding of the strength
- of the emerging knowledge economy because people are trying to
- understand it with 'old tools'. (Beck, p. 3). For example, if you
- measure Microsoft by its physical and financial assets, Microsoft's
- success doesn't make sense. (Beck, pp. 146-7).
-
- One of Beck's innovations is the definition of a *knowledge worker*.
- Counted as knowledge workers are
- * professionals, such as doctors, engineers, lawyers, accountants;
- * engineering, scientific and technical workers;
- * the very senior ranks of management (Beck, p. 125).
-
- Knowledge workers already make up 30% of the labor force, compared
- to the just over 10% of the labor force consisting of manufacturing
- production workers (Beck, p. 124). Furthermore, the number of knowledge
- workers is rapidly growing:
-
- Knowledge vs. Manufacturing Production Jobs (U.S., thousands)
- Knowledge |Manufacturing Production
- Year Workers | Workers
- 1984 28,029 13,285
- 1985 29,106 13,092
- 1986 29,917 12,877
- 1987 31,088 12,970
- 1988 32,711 13,221
- 1989 34,043 13,269
- 1990 34,499 12,979
- 1991 34,806 12,467
- 1984-91 +6,777 -818
-
- Even during the recent slowdown, 1.3 million knowledge jobs were created
- (from June 1989 to June 1992) while 919,000 manufacturing production jobs
- were lost (during the same period) (Beck, pp. 125-6). Also, the
- unemployment rate for knowledge workers in North America is less than 3%.
- (Beck, p. 90)
-
- Beck argues that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics should start
- counting knowledge workers in its monthly statistics, just as years
- ago it began counting production workers to measure job creation in
- the then emerging mass-manufacturing economy (Beck, p. 124).
-
- Another innovation of Beck is the *knowledge ratio* (tm), which is the
- ratio of knowledge workers to total workers. Beck determined the knowledge
- ratios of the 339 industries for which the U.S. government had sufficient
- data (Beck, p. 127). These ratios (for 1991) are listed in the back of
- her book.
-
- Beck claims that companies with higher knowledge ratios than their
- industry average have higher margins and earnings than their competitors
- (Beck, p. 128) (although no data is given in support). One can see
- that, if this claim is true, a company's knowledge ratio is something
- that investors should want to know. Beck also describes 12 other
- new measures which investors should know, but probably don't.
-
- Beck traced the growth and decline of 207 industries (the number
- of U.S. industries for which data was available from the Bureau
- of Census in Washington) (Beck, p. 63). From this research she
- identified four engines of growth--strategic industries that are
- already large and have been growing (almost every year) for more than
- a decade:
- * computers & semiconductors (includes software and information services)
- * health & medical care (includes drugs and medical instruments)
- * communications & telecommunications (includes entertainment)
- * instrumentation (includes engineering and environmental equipment)
- (Beck, pp. 65-6).
-
- Beck insists that financial reporters must update the economic indicators
- they use. For example, medical starts, an indicator for the health
- and medical industry (13% of GDP) (p. 76) should be reported instead of
- housing starts, an indicator for the housing construction industry
- (only 3.5% of GDP) (p. 38). (By the way, medical starts were up 19.1%
- on the year in July 1992 (Beck, p. 71)).
-
- Anyone who needs to understand the transforming economy, whether they
- be students planning careers, investors, managers, statistic bureaucrats,
- or public policy-makers, would profit from Beck's intriguing and
- innovative work.
-
- -Stephen
-