NetNews Usenet Archive 1993 #1

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Text File | 1993-01-12 | 31.0 KB | 774 lines

Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd Path: sparky!uunet!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!malgudi.oar.net!caen!hellgate.utah.edu!fcom.cc.utah.edu!cs.weber.edu!terry From: terry@cs.weber.edu (A Wizard of Earth C) Subject: Re: 386BSD install problem -- can't mount / Message-ID: <1993Jan13.042201.28353@fcom.cc.utah.edu> Sender: news@fcom.cc.utah.edu Organization: Weber State University (Ogden, UT) References: <1993Jan11.022758.10164@cs.wright.edu> <1993Jan11.224035.2823@fcom.cc.utah.edu> <1993Jan12.005906.13693@Princeton.EDU> Date: Wed, 13 Jan 93 04:22:01 GMT Lines: 762 In article <1993Jan12.005906.13693@Princeton.EDU> bkc@ernie.Princeton.EDU (Bruce Caruthers) writes: >In article <1993Jan11.224035.2823@fcom.cc.utah.edu> terry@cs.weber.edu (A Wizard of Earth C) writes: >> >>386BSD asks the controller about the drive geometry instead of believing >>the CMOS settings. If your CMOS settings don't match what the controller >>says, you have "translated drive" problems. > >Is there any way to tell 386BSD what the drive is set for? The settings >for my drive are significantly different (manually configured long ago) >from what Seagate reports when you call their number. It does, however, >still fit a "type" listed in the BIOS (42, if I remember correctly). I >am fairly certain that the current settings are *not* what the IDE >controller reports. If I were to change the settings, it would require a >lot of work re-doing the DOS partition and such. > >Thanks for any help (at least I know what is probably the problem, now, and can >change it if I get desperate enough), OK... I am going to put ide_conf.exe on ref.tfs.com; in the meanwhile, for those of you who can't wait, I am reposting the original article by Frank Maclachlan (Message-ID: <1992Oct18.153007.28120@crash>) > Given the numerous inquiries about untranslated geometry on various > IDE hard drives, I wrote a quickie program which can be used under > MSDOS to report the "default" drive geometry. The command used to > query the drive (identify drive, 0xec) is the same command used by > the 386BSD 0.1 wd.c driver. > > The program does the following: > > 1. Reports the drive configuration as reported by the system ROM BIOS. > 2. Queries the drive for its configuration and prints the geometry > given by the configuration. > 3. Resets the drive/controller and delays approximately 1 second. > 4. Again queries the drive for its configuration and prints the > geometry given by the configuration. > 5. Asks user to reboot system since translation may have changed. > > Steps 3 and 4 were added because I wanted to know if the identify > drive command would return the sames values after the controller/drive > was reset. I tested the program on a Fujitsu M2612ET IDE drive (90 mb, > 1334 cyls, 4 hds, 33 sec/trk) and found that the "default" geometry > was 667 cyls, 8 hds, 33 sec/trk. Note that some (albeit simple) trans- > lation occurs on this drive in the "default" state; this was no doubt > done to avoid exceeding the 1024 cylinder limit imposed by the system > BIOS. Also, the "default" geometry didn't change after a reset (it > really shouldn't); the drive's translation mode, however, did change > after a reset (see below). > > I noticed some other things while playing with the Fujitsu drive. > The drive is installed in a system w/ an old Mylex 386/20 MB. > The AMI BIOS does not support a type 47 user configurable drive > type, so I chose a drive type having 1024 cyls, 9 hds, 17 sec/trk. > I didn't really believe that the translation was performed in > software (most IDE interface boards don't have an on-board ROM), > so I wrote a program which scanned the disk by talking directly > to the controller registers. The drive looked like it had 9 heads, > 17 secs/trk and 1150 cyls. The drive's notion of its geometry > (translation) is determined by the 'Initialize Drive Parameters' > command (0x91). This command sets the number of sectors from the > sector count register and the number of heads from the head > address field in the SDH register. The drive then computes how > many translated cylinders it can support with the specified head > and sector count (that's why I could read 1150 cyls even though the > BIOS configuration indicated 1024 cyls). The translation was cleared > after a controller/drive reset; the drive then behaved as though it > had 667 cyls, 8 hds, 33 secs/trk. > > Also, data transfers from this drive averaged about 300 kb/sec when > the drive was set up in translated mode and about 660 kb/sec when > set up in its "default" mode. This was probably partially caused > by the use of 17 secs/trk rather than the native 33 secs/trk; the > 80C31 microprocessor has to work harder to translate addresses. > > For those IDE drive users with a modern BIOS supporting user configurable > drive types (type 47 on an AMI BIOS), I suggest configuring the drive > or drives to the default geometry given by step 4 above. This results > in the geometry remaining constant throughout the 386BSD's handling of > an IDE drive and possibly better performance. > > I am enclosing the program (a .c file and a .h file) and an .exe file > (for those of you who don't have an MSDOS C compiler) in a shell archive. > > Hope this helps! > #!/bin/sh # shar: Shell Archiver (v1.22) # # Run the following text with /bin/sh to create: # ide_conf.c # wddefs.h # ide_conf.exe # sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > ide_conf.c && X/*------------------------------------------------------+ X| | X| Name: | X| ide_conf | X| | X| Usage: | X| ide_conf [drive number] | X| | X| Description: | X| Displays IDE drive configuration under MSDOS. | X| Optional drive parameter selects drive for query. | X| Legal values are 0..3 where 0 and 1 are drives 0 | X| and 1 attached to a primary controller while 2 and | X| 3 are drives 0 and 1 attached to a controller at | X| the alternate controller address (0x170 - has not | X| been tested). If omitted, drive 0 is checked. | X| | X| Author: | X| Frank P. MacLachlan | X| | X| Date: | X| 18-Oct-92 | X| | X| Compilation using MSC 6.0: | X| cl ide_conf.c | X| | X+------------------------------------------------------*/ X X#include <stdio.h> X#include <sys/types.h> X#include "wddefs.h" X X#define TPS 18 /* ticks/second (really 18.2) */ X Xtypedef unsigned long ulong; Xtypedef unsigned int uint; Xtypedef unsigned short ushort; Xtypedef unsigned char uchar; X X/* X** The following structure corresponds to the ROM BIOS X** disk parameter table: X*/ X#pragma pack(1) Xtypedef struct parms { X uint ncyls; X uchar nheads; X uint res0; X uint wpc; X uchar ebl; X uchar ctlb; X uchar res1[3]; X uint lzc; X uchar nsecs; X uchar res2; X} BIOS_PARMS; X#pragma pack() X X/* X** The following structure corresponds to the values as returned X** by the ESDI/IDE identify drive command. X*/ Xtypedef struct { X ushort gcfg; /* general configuration */ X ushort fcyl; /* number of fixed cyls */ X ushort rcyl; /* number of removable cyls */ X ushort hds; /* number of heads */ X ushort bpt; /* bytes/track */ X ushort bps; /* bytes/sector */ X ushort spt; /* sectors/track */ X ushort isg; /* inter-sector gap */ X ushort plo; /* PLO sync field */ X ushort vsw; /* vendor status word */ X} ID_PARMS; X X/* X** Used to manipulate identify drive data. X*/ Xunion { X ID_PARMS id_parms; X unsigned short id_data[256]; X} id_buf; X X/* pointer to low word of system time value at 0040:006c */ Xushort far *TimePtr = (ushort far *)0x0040006cL; X Xint drive = 0; /* drive number */ Xint wd_base = WDP_BASE0; /* base I/O port addr of HDC */ Xchar *my_name; X Xvoid reboot(void); Xvoid chk_drv(void); Xvoid dsp_bios_cfg(void); Xvoid dsp_hw_cfg(void); Xvoid reset_hdc(void); Xvoid delay(int); Xvoid sel_drv(uint, uint); Xvoid bsy_chk(void); Xvoid usage(void); Xvoid io_delay(void); Xvoid test_hdc(uint, uint, uint); X X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Main program X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xmain(argc, argv) Xint argc; Xchar *argv[]; X{ X my_name = argv[0]; X if (argc > 1) { X if ( sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &drive) < 1 X || drive < 0 X || drive > 3) X usage(); X if (drive > 1) { X drive &= 1; X wd_base = WDP_BASE1; X } X } X chk_drv(); /* make sure controller, drive present */ X dsp_bios_cfg(); /* display BIOS drive config */ X dsp_hw_cfg(); /* display H/W drive config */ X reset_hdc(); /* reset the controller */ X dsp_hw_cfg(); /* display H/W drive config */ X reboot(); /* ask user to reboot system */ X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Ask user to reboot system. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid reboot() X{ X fprintf(stderr, "Please reboot system!\n"); X while (1) X ; X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Check if controller, drive present. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid chk_drv() X{ X#define MASK (WDM_BSY|WDM_RDY|WDM_WTF|WDM_SKC) X#define EXP (WDM_RDY|WDM_SKC) X X test_hdc(wd_base+WDP_CL, 0x55, 0xff); X test_hdc(wd_base+WDP_CL, 0xaa, 0xff); X test_hdc(wd_base+WDP_CH, 0x55, 0x01); X test_hdc(wd_base+WDP_CH, 0xaa, 0x01); X sel_drv(drive, 0); X if ((inp(wd_base+WDP_CSR) & MASK) != EXP) { X fprintf(stderr, "Drive missing or status hosed\n"); X exit(2); X } X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Display BIOS configuration info for this drive. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid dsp_bios_cfg() X{ X /* X * Array of pointers to HD parameter table entries indexed X * by drive number X */ X static BIOS_PARMS far * far *dskptr[2] = { X (BIOS_PARMS far * far *)(4*0x41L), X (BIOS_PARMS far * far *)(4*0x46L) X }; X BIOS_PARMS far *bpp = *dskptr[drive]; X X printf("BIOS reports drive has %u cyls, %u hds, %u secs/trk\n\n", X bpp->ncyls, bpp->nheads, bpp->nsecs); X} X X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Ask the drive to identify itself. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid dsp_hw_cfg() X{ X int n; X X /* select drive */ X sel_drv(drive, 0); X X /* Issue Get Drive Parameters cmd */ X outp(wd_base+WDP_CSR, WDC_GDP); X X /* Wait for Busy status to be asserted */ X for (n = 1000; n > 0 && (inp(wd_base+WDP_CSR) & WDM_BSY) == 0; n--) X ; X X /* Now wait for Busy status to be negated */ X bsy_chk(); X X /* Print error msg and bail out if error */ X if ((n = inp(wd_base+WDP_CSR)) & WDM_HER) { X fprintf(stderr, X "Identify drive cmd failed: csr=0x%02x, err=0x%02x\n", X n, inp(wd_base+WDP_ERR) ); X reboot(); X } X X /* Wait for Data request to be asserted */ X while ((inp(wd_base+WDP_CSR) & WDM_DRQ) == 0) X ; X X /* Input parameter info from controller */ X for (n = 0; n < sizeof(id_buf.id_data)/sizeof(id_buf.id_data[0]); n++) X id_buf.id_data[n] = inpw(wd_base+WDP_DAT); X X /* Print parameter info */ X printf("Controller reports drive has %u cyls, %u hds, %u secs/trk\n\n", X id_buf.id_parms.fcyl, id_buf.id_parms.hds, id_buf.id_parms.spt); X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Reset hard disk controller (or drive if IDE). X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid reset_hdc() X{ X printf("Resetting controller/drive\n\n"); X outp(wd_base+WDP_DCR, WDM_RSTGO); X delay(2); X outp(wd_base+WDP_DCR, WDM_RSTNO|WDM_HS3); X delay(1*TPS); X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Delay n system timer ticks. 18.2 ticks = 1 sec. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid delay(n) Xint n; X{ X int cur_lsb = *TimePtr & 1; X X while (n-- > 0) { X while ((*TimePtr & 1) == cur_lsb) X ; X cur_lsb = 1 - cur_lsb; X } X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Select drive. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid sel_drv(drv, head) Xuint drv, head; X{ X outp(wd_base+WDP_SDH, WDM_ECC|WDM_512|(drv<<4)|head); X bsy_chk(); X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Wait for Busy status to be reset. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid bsy_chk() X{ X while (inp(wd_base+WDP_CSR) & WDM_BSY) X ; X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Display usage message, abort. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid usage() X{ X static char msg[] = X "Usage: %s [drive]\n" X "Drive may be 0..3 (2,3 => drives on alternate controller)\n" X "Default is 0\n"; X X fprintf(stderr, msg, my_name); X exit(2); X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Delay a bit between back to back I/O operations. X | The delay results from the call/return overhead. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid io_delay() X{ X} X X/*----------------------------------------------- X | X | Check if hard disk controller is present and X | probably register compatible with the standard X | AT controller. Abort if not. X | X +----------------------------------------------*/ Xvoid test_hdc(reg, pat, msk) Xuint reg; Xuint pat; Xuint msk; X{ X outp(reg, pat); X io_delay(); X io_delay(); X io_delay(); X io_delay(); X io_delay(); X io_delay(); X if ((inp(reg)&msk) != (pat&msk)) { X fprintf(stderr, X "Non-compatible or missing Hard Disk Controller!\n"); X exit(2); X } X} SHAR_EOF chmod 0644 ide_conf.c || echo "restore of ide_conf.c fails" sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > wddefs.h && X/*------------------------------------------------------+ X | Definitions for WD100x hard disk controllers | X +------------------------------------------------------*/ X X/* X** Port definitions: X*/ X#define WDP_BASE0 0x1f0 /* base address of primary controller */ X#define WDP_BASE1 0x170 /* base address of alternate controller */ X#define WDP_DAT 0 /* offset to data reg (R/W) */ X#define WDP_ERR 1 /* offset to error reg (R) */ X#define WDP_WPC 1 /* offset to write precompensation reg (W) */ X#define WDP_SC 2 /* offset to sector count reg (R/W) */ X#define WDP_SEC 3 /* offset to sector address reg (R/W) */ X#define WDP_CL 4 /* offset to cyl addr reg - low byte (R/W) */ X#define WDP_CH 5 /* offset to cyl addr reg - high byte (R/W) */ X#define WDP_SDH 6 /* offset to size/drive/head reg (R/W) */ X#define WDP_CSR 7 /* offset to control/status reg (R/W) */ X#define WDP_ASR 0x206 /* offset to alternate status reg (R) */ X#define WDP_DCR 0x206 /* offset to device control reg (W) */ X#define WDP_DAR 0x207 /* offset to device addr reg (R) */ X X/* X** Controller command definitions: X*/ X#define WDC_HOM 0x10 /* restore drv to trk 0 */ X#define WDC_SEK 0x70 /* seek */ X#define WDC_RD 0x20 /* read sectors */ X#define WDC_WRT 0x30 /* write sectors */ X#define WDC_RVS 0x40 /* read verify sectors */ X#define WDC_FMT 0x50 /* format track */ X#define WDC_TST 0x90 /* perform self test */ X#define WDC_IDP 0x91 /* init drive parms */ X#define WDC_GDP 0xec /* get drive parameters */ X#define WDC_SDP 0x91 /* set drive parameters */ X X/* X** SDH register mask definitions: X*/ X#define WDM_ECC 0x80 /* enable ECC */ X#define WDM_128 0x60 /* 128 bytes/sector */ X#define WDM_256 0x00 /* 256 bytes/sector */ X#define WDM_512 0x20 /* 512 bytes/sector */ X#define WDM_1024 0x40 /* 1024 bytes/sector */ X X/* X** Command/status register mask definitions: X*/ X#define WDM_HER 0x01 /* hard error (R) */ X#define WDM_IDX 0x02 /* index pulse status from drive (R) */ X#define WDM_CER 0x04 /* corrected error (R) */ X#define WDM_DRQ 0x08 /* data request (R) */ X#define WDM_SKC 0x10 /* seek complete (R) */ X#define WDM_WTF 0x20 /* write fault (R) */ X#define WDM_RDY 0x40 /* ready (R) */ X#define WDM_BSY 0x80 /* busy (R) */ X#define WDM_DRT 0x01 /* disable retries (W) */ X X/* X** Error register mask definitions: X*/ X#define WDM_DAE 0x01 /* data address mark not found */ X#define WDM_T0E 0x02 /* track 0 error */ X#define WDM_CAE 0x04 /* aborted command */ X#define WDM_NIE 0x10 /* ID not found */ X#define WDM_ICE 0x20 /* CRC error - ID field */ X#define WDM_DCE 0x40 /* CRC error - data field */ X#define WDM_BBE 0x80 /* bad block detected */ X X#define WDM_HS3 0x08 /* use reduced write current line for HS3 */ X#define WDM_RSTGO 0x04 /* start controller reset */ X#define WDM_RSTNO 0x00 /* end controller reset */ X#define WDM_IEN 0x02 /* interrupt enable */ X SHAR_EOF chmod 0644 wddefs.h || echo "restore of wddefs.h fails" sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > s2_temp_.tmp && Xbegin 600 ide_conf.exe XM35K!`10`!0`@`,(`__^>`@`(^\MB`P``'@````$`#@!,`G`#``!)!`````#X XM`?\!_0$````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` XM````````````````````````````````````````````58OL,\#H^`6+7@:+ XM!Z-`"(-^!`%^.+A*`%"Y0@!1_W<"Z#X>B^4]`0!\#H,^2@``?`>#/DH``WX# XMZ)P"@SY*``%^"X,F2@`!QP9,`'`!Z"D`Z+X`Z/4`Z+P!Z.\`Z`0`B^5=PS/` XMZ)<%N$X`4+AX`E#HK`B#Q`3K_I`SP.B!!;C_`%"Y50!1BQ9,`(/"!%+H;@*# XMQ`:X_P!0N*H`4(L.3`"#P011Z%@"@\0&N`$`4+E5`%&+#DP`@\$%4>A"`H/$ XM!K@!`%"XJ@!0H4P`!04`4.@M`H/$!BO`4/\V2@#HN`&#Q`2A3``%!P!0Z*\= XM@\0")?``/5``=!BX90!0N'@"4.@="(/$!+@"`%#H_0.#Q`+#D%6+[+@$`.CE XM!(L>2@#1X]'CQ)^Z`":+!R:+5P*.PHO8)HI/#BKM42:*3P)1)O\WN(0`4.@. 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