home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!haven.umd.edu!darwin.sura.net!spool.mu.edu!think.com!enterpoop.mit.edu!eru.mt.luth.se!lunic!sunic!dkuug!diku!torbenm
- From: torbenm@diku.dk (Torben AEgidius Mogensen)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.acorn.tech
- Subject: Re: ARM risc speed?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan11.130037.4767@odin.diku.dk>
- Date: 11 Jan 93 13:00:37 GMT
- References: <1993Jan11.062152.10804@sol.UVic.CA>
- Sender: torbenm@thor.diku.dk
- Organization: Department of Computer Science, U of Copenhagen
- Lines: 98
-
- aramsey@ugly.UVic.CA (Aaron Ramsey) writes:
-
- >I'll start off by saying that I know nothing about the Acorn. But, I
- >have heard that the ARM risc chips are going to be used in the new
- >3DO systems that will start showing up in the next year or so. My
- >problem is that I know nothing about these risc chips. What different
- >kinds are there? What speeds do they run at (mhz mips, whatever),
- >and most important, how do they compare to motorola and intel cisc
- >chips? I'm particularily interested in how the ARM risc chips compare
- >to a 68040 motorola chip.
-
- ARM Ltd. tend to be fairly secretive about new products, so the 3DO
- might use some not-yet-disclosed version of the ARM chip set.
-
- Currently available (to my knowledge) is
-
- ARM2 The original ARM processor. Usually runs on 8MHz systems, but
- can supposedly run somewhat faster.
-
- VIDC Video controller for use with ARM processors. Can display up
- to 8bpp at various resolutions. Has only 16 entry palette, so
- 8bpp modes does not have free colour selection. Also supports
- stereo sound.
-
- MEMC1a Memory controller for ARM processors. Has 128 pages of memory
- selectable from 8K to 32K each, allowing up to 4MB of memory.
- Up to 16MB can be addressed by chaining 4 MEMC1a's.
-
- IOC i/o controller for ARM.
-
- ARM3 An ARM2 + cache, running up to 25Mhz. Some early versions has
- been clocked at 35+ MHz.
-
- ARM250 ARM2+VIDC+MEMC1a+IOC on a single chip, currently running in
- 12MHz systems. Maximum speed is not known to me.
-
- ARM610 This is the one that Apple will use in the Newton. Essentially
- an improved ARM3 with an on-chip improved MEMC, capable of
- addressing large amounts of memory by a two-level page table.
- Also includes a write-buffer, which speeds up memory stores.
-
- ARM60 As ARM610, but without cache, MEMC and write buffer.
-
- VIDC20 Improved VIDC capable of using up to 32bpp and with CD quality
- sound support.
-
-
- Soon to be released:
-
- FPA Floating point processor for use with ARM processors.
-
- MEMC2 Stand-alone version of the MEMC used in ARM610.
-
- The ARM processors have in user mode 16 32-bit registers, of which one
- is the PC. Arithmetic is register-to-register and allows a free
- barrel-shift-operation with every arithmetical or logical operation.
- Load/store of registers can use several different indexed addressing
- modes. Load/store of multiple registers (like on MC68***) provides
- effective use of burst-mode RAM. All instructions are conditional by
- one of 16 different condition codes, including "always" and "never".
- 32x32 -> 32 bit integer multiplication is supported in the instruction
- set. There is a variety of supervisor and interrupt modes, 3 on the
- ARM2 and ARM3, 8 on the ARM6**. Arithemtical and logical operations
- are typically single-cycle, but load/store and multiply require
- several cycles to complete.
-
- Instruction-set-wise the ARM6 series differs mainly in that, while the
- ARM2 and 3 keep status flags in the high-end bits of the PC, the ARM6
- processors keep them in a separate register, allowing full 32 bit
- addresses in the PC. The ARM6 has a 32 bit user mode, 5 32 bit system
- modes and can emulate all 4 ARM2/3 modes, making a total of 10
- processor modes. The ARM6 series use very little power, so they are
- ideal for portable computers.
-
- Currently all ARM chips use a simple 4-stage pipeline with no attempt
- at super-scalarity or super-pipelining. There are no branch-delay
- slots, but use of conditional instructions reduce the need for many
- short forwards branches.
-
- At the moment no ARM processor can compete speed-wise against a 68040,
- but the main aim of the ARM chipset is to provide cost-effective
- solutions for small to medium size computers. Acorn computers sell a
- home-computer with a 12MHz ARM250, 1MB RAM and 3MB ROM for less than
- 500 pounds. The integer speed is roughly comparable with a 30MHz 80386
- system or a 25MHz 68020 system.
-
- Judging only from the purpose of the 3DO, my guess is that it will use
- a single-chip solution similar to the ARM250, but with a VIDC20 (since
- CD's are mentioned) and possibly a better MEMC. Probably something
- in-between MEMC1a and MEMC2, since the latter has a lot of
- protection/tagging features that are not of much use on a game
- console.
-
- Torben Mogensen (torbenm@diku.dk)
-
- P.S.
- There may be small inaccuracies in the above, but I'm sure these will
- be corrected in follow-ups ;-)
-