home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!pipex!bnr.co.uk!uknet!edcastle!dcs.ed.ac.uk!dts
- From: dts@dcs.ed.ac.uk (Don Sannella)
- Newsgroups: comp.specification
- Subject: Re: Theoretical limitations of algebraic specifications?
- Keywords: Specification,Algebraic
- Message-ID: <C0FsG5.5L3@dcs.ed.ac.uk>
- Date: 6 Jan 93 14:33:40 GMT
- References: <1992Dec31.000439.8884@gmuvax2.gmu.edu>
- Sender: cnews@dcs.ed.ac.uk (UseNet News Admin)
- Organization: Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh
- Lines: 58
-
- In article <1992Dec31.000439.8884@gmuvax2.gmu.edu>, ofut@gmuvax2.gmu.edu (A. Jeff Offutt) writes:
- > Generally, are there _known_ fundamental limitations of algebraic
- > specifications? Has anyone studied the "classes" of ADTs that can be
- > specified using various specification approaches? If so, I would
- > appreciate a reference (or a short synopsis, if possible).
-
- Some standard references on this topic are:
-
- J. Thatcher, E. Wagner and J. Wright. Data type specification:
- parameterization and the power of specification techniques. ACM Trans. on
- Programming Languages and Systems 4, 711-773 (1982).
-
- J. Bergstra, M. Broy, J. Tucker and M. Wirsing. On the power of algebraic
- specifications. Proc. 1981 Symp. on Mathematical Foundations of Computer
- Science. Springer LNCS 118, 193-204 (1981).
-
- J. Bergstra and J. Tucker. Initial and final algebra semantics: two
- characterization theorems. SIAM Journal on Computing 12(2), 366-387 (1983).
-
- J. Bergstra and J. Tucker. Algebraic specifications of computable and
- semicomputable data types. Theoretical Computer Science 50, 137-181 (1987).
-
- Briefly, there are different approaches to algebraic specification and
- the expressive power of a particular approach depends on whether or not it
- offers certain features. One of the simplest approaches and the most classical
- is the so-called "initial algebra approach" via finite lists of equational
- axioms as described in:
-
- H. Ehrig and B. Mahr. Fundamentals of Algebraic Specification 1. Equations
- and Initial Semantics. EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science.
- Springer (1985).
-
- This approach is not powerful enough to specify all recursive data structures
- (using "recursive" here in its recursion-theoretic sense). Allowing hidden
- sorts and hidden functions makes this approach powerful enough to describe
- exactly all the semicomputable algebras. Adding so-called "data constraints"
- or "hierarchy constraints" (or using a specification language in which the
- specification of new types of data cannot side-effect the interpretation of
- existing types, e.g. ASL) makes it possible to code universal and existential
- quantifiers over the natural numbers and so adds considerable expressive power,
- enough to allow the specification of any algebra you are likely to want (for
- the details of that vague statement see [BBTW81]).
-
- A paper which explains some of the above and discusses its relevance to
- completeness of systems for proving theorems about specifications is:
-
- D. MacQueen and D. Sannella. Completeness of proof systems for equational
- specifications. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering SE-11(5), 454-461
- (1985).
-
- Of course, all of these expressiveness results are obtained via codings which,
- if used in practice, would make specifications difficult (if not impossible)
- to read. Whether or not a particular data type can be *conveniently* specified
- is a different question.
-
-
- Don Sannella
- University of Edinburgh
-