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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!tgl
- From: tgl+@cs.cmu.edu (Tom Lane)
- Newsgroups: comp.graphics,alt.graphics.pixutils,alt.binaries.pictures.utilities,alt.binaries.pictures.d
- Subject: Re: JPEG "Standard"
- Summary: the difference is quantization before compression
- Message-ID: <C0JzJJ.Hup.2@cs.cmu.edu>
- Date: 8 Jan 93 20:57:18 GMT
- Article-I.D.: cs.C0JzJJ.Hup.2
- References: <1ijc97INN17s@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> <1ijbupINN10l@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> <1ijc1tINN14h@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> <1ijc59INN155@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>
- Sender: news@cs.cmu.edu (Usenet News System)
- Followup-To: comp.graphics
- Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
- Lines: 78
- Nntp-Posting-Host: g.gp.cs.cmu.edu
-
- kxj6@po.CWRU.Edu (Kijin Jung) writes:
- > I was concerned about the standardization of JPEG
- > between two programs I have, so I did some tests.
- >
- > ... I compressed them using ColorView 2.0 for DOS
- > and WinJPEG 1.6. (The reason why I used a quality of
- > 74 and 76 for Colorview was because it did not
- > offer 75 as an option; so I also used those settings
- > for WinJPEG.) Also, Cview only accepts BMP files.
- >
- > Cview's JPEG output is much smaller than those of WinJPEG
- > for a given Quality.
-
- I'm guessing that you proceeded by loading and displaying the image, then
- using "Save". This is a bad move since both programs will quantize the
- 24-bit image down to 8 bits for display (assuming your display hardware is 8
- bits). JPEG is intended for compressing 24-bit data, not 8-bit; your JPEG
- files are larger and of lower quality than they would be if you had made
- them directly from the Targa or BMP file.
-
- WinJPEG has a "batch conversion" option which allows direct compression of
- Targa to JPEG format without a quantization step. This is a much better
- means of compressing full-color images. As far as I can tell, ColorView has
- no similar capability.
-
- The difference in file size is due to Colorview and WinJPEG using different
- quantization algorithms; hence the data fed to the JPEG compressor is not
- the same. In particular, I'd bet you had dithering turned off in ColorView.
-
- > Which program adheres closer to the Quality settings
- > described in the JPEG FAQ?
-
- ColorView and WinJPEG use the same JPEG compression software (the free JPEG
- code provided by the Independent JPEG Group). Their Q scales are the same.
- ColorView's user interface is a little bit weird, I don't know why they
- chose to provide only the Q values they did.
-
- > Exactly what is entropy optimization and how does it affect
- > the quality of the compressed image? (Should it be used if
- > I want a "standard" Q75 JPEG file?)
-
- Entropy optimization picks an optimal Huffman code table for the particular
- image, instead of using a default Huffman table. It typically makes the
- JPEG file a little smaller, but there is no change in image quality. Any
- non-broken JPEG decoder should be able to deal with optimized files.
-
- > I am very confused by WinJPEG's method of saving JPG's.
- > WinJPEG takes two original files of the same content but
- > different format, yet outputs JPEG files of different sizes
- > (with entropy optimization on).
-
- That seems strange to me too. Could it be that there is some history
- dependence in their color quantization algorithm? Are you *sure* the
- BMP and Targa files are identical?
-
- > And for those who have PhotoStyler 1.1a: how does the
- > quality range in the JPEG export module translate to the
- > quality range described in the FAQ? (PhotoStyler uses
- > a range from 0 to 100, with 0 being minimal compression,
- > 100 maximum - just the opposite of convention).
-
- Good question. Quality settings are not defined by the JPEG standard, they
- are a user interface feature that can and does vary between implementations.
- The quality settings described in the FAQ apply to the IJG software and
- programs based on it, but PhotoStyler probably wrote their own JPEG code
- and did something completely different.
-
- > What the heck is the difference between YUV422 and YUV411 SubSampling?
-
- The difference is how much the color information gets reduced. If you have
- v4 of the free JPEG software (cjpeg), these formats correspond to
- "-sample 2x1" and "-sample 2x2" respectively. Most decoders handle both.
-
- regards, tom lane
-
- PS: learn how to do cross-posting properly. Posting separately to each
- group is NOT the right way --- I still don't know if I have found all the
- groups that you posted in.
-