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- From: barnhart@ddsw1.MCS.COM (Mr. Aaron Barnhart)
- Subject: IPS:ZIMBABWE: HEPATITIS B COULD BECOME AN EPIDEMIC
- Sender: barnhart@ddsw1.mcs.com (Mr. Aaron Barnhart)
- Message-ID: <C059qH.C43@ddsw1.mcs.com>
- Date: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 22:13:28 GMT
- Organization: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.
- Lines: 115
-
- Copyright Inter Press Service 1992, all rights reserved. Permission to re-
- print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.
-
- Reference: Third World Dvpmnt
- Title: ZIMBABWE: HEPATITIS B COULD BECOME AN EPIDEMIC
-
-
- an inter press service feature
-
- by tafadzwa matimba-mumba
-
- harare, dec 22 (ips) -- how many african mothers know that by
- the reflex action of tasting half a spoonful of an infants' hot
- porridge before feeding the child with the rest they could be
- contaminating it with the hepatitis b virus?
-
- today, health officials admit that social behaviour in africa
- could turn the disease into an epidemic of which african
- children are the most vulnerable.
-
- ''we know that 80 percent of infants and children who are not
- immunised against hepatitis b will be chronically ill and will
- end up with cancer of the liver'', oluseye obatolu, director of
- maternal child health and family planning in the health ministry
- told ips.
-
- ''if we don't prevent it, it means that the health system will
- spend a lot of money on its control and that many lives will be
- lost'', he adds.
-
- more than 10 percent of zimbabwe's adults are chronic
- hepatitis b carriers. of zimbabwe's 10.4 million population, 50
- percent are adults.
-
- worldwide, 300 million people are infected with hepatitis b.
- of these, 33 million are found in africa, obatolu says. between
- 5-20 percent of sub-saharan africans are known to be hepatitis b
- carriers.
-
- discovered in the 1960's, the disease induces liver cancer in
- 80 percent of its sufferers, which can lead to death. as an
- infectious agent, the hepatitis b virus is far more efficient
- than the human immunideficiency virus (hiv)
-
- according to clement kirire, dean of the university of
- zimbabwe medical school, the disease is spread sexually, through
- blood, semen, vaginal secretions, sweat and saliva.
-
- ''a child can also get the disease through the cracks found
- around a mother's nipples and through the breast milk'', kirire
- says.
-
- an estimated 15 percent of mothers pass the virus on to their
- children in this way. ''but breast-feeding is important so the
- only way to protect that child is by vaccinating him', adds
- kirire.
-
- the overcrowded living conditions increase the problem of
- horizontal transmission between children in african countries.
- (more/ips)
-
-
- zimbabwe: hepatitis (2)
-
- other behaviour such as sharing infected razor blades during
- treatment by traditional healers, and sharing toothburshes are
- charecteristics conducive for disease spread.
-
- in southern africa 15 percent of the population are infected
- with hepatitis b virus.
-
- ''we have a problem which is of epidemic proportion here in
- zimbabwe. the disease is dangerous for the society and it can get
- worse if nothing is done'' says obatolu.
-
- as a child saving measure, the zimbabwe government with the
- assistance of the international aid for development will, from
- february 1992, embark on a free hepatitis b child immunisation
- programme.
-
- to be included in zimbabwe's expanded programme of
- immunisation (epi) programme, it aims to immunise infants at age
- three, four and nine months. an ambitious 400,000 are set to be
- immunised each year.
-
- as high risk group, health workers, prison, military and
- police officers are also earmarked for immunisation, obatolu
- says.
-
- without this immunisation, between 80 and 90 percent of
- children infected with the virus by their mothers are likely to
- become carriers and later develop liver cancer.
-
- according to the u.n. childrens fund (unicef) state of the
- worlds children report 1993, immunisation coverage in developing
- countries has been increased to about 80 percent in the past 10
- years.
-
- sub-saharan africa saw a four percent decline in reported
- polio cases. the average number of reported measles cases
- decreased from nearly 1400,000 in 1981 to about 700,000 cases in
- 1991.
-
- in spite of the high threat of hepatitis b however, african
- governments are failing to focus on the disease.
-
- about five percent of zimbabwe's regular blood donors test
- hepatitis b positive. ''if we get new donors only, we get about
- 15 percent positivity'', says david mvere, deputy director.
-
- future plans for curbing increase of hepatitis b include
- development of a combined diptheria--pertunissis-(whooping
- cough)-tetanus-hepatitis b (dpt-hep b) vaccine, to be
- administered in epi programmes. (end/ips/tm-m/oa/92)
-
-