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- Xref: sparky sci.archaeology:3052 sci.anthropology:1616 bionet.plants:790
- Newsgroups: sci.archaeology,sci.anthropology,bionet.plants
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!dchapman
- From: dchapman@well.sf.ca.us (Dave Chapman)
- Subject: Which Came First, Agriculture or Pastorialism?
- Message-ID: <BzwMCH.FIt@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- References: <1992Dec17.153100.6512@panix.com> <BzFqIG.HnM@NeoSoft.com> <1992Dec22.231740.5610@samba.oit.unc.edu>
- Date: Sun, 27 Dec 1992 06:07:29 GMT
- Lines: 42
-
- First, I would like to thank everyone who responded to my
- original post. The score so far seems like:
-
- 1. The evidence suggests that agriculture came first, but is not
- at all definite.
-
- 2. When talking about pastorialism, we are not talking about animals
- like the dog or cat, or even animals like the domestic rabbit.
- We are talking about sheep, goats, camels, and cattle, which are large
- food animals, frequently able to travel long distances.
-
- 3. There is evidence (not much) suggesting that animals such as
- reindeer were domesticated during the paleolithic. If this is true,
- the art may have been lost during the most recent glaciation, or
- may have been a continuous cultural activity.
-
- 4. Agriculture was invented by several different cultures at approximately
- the same time, involving different plants. It may not have been such
- a big innovation after all. It may simply be that no one bothered with
- agriculture until population pressure had become extreme.
-
- 5. From the meagre evidence regarding pastorialism, similar conclusions
- can be drawn. Apparently, several species of large food animals were
- domesticated at approximately the same time.
-
- On a more speculative note, there has been comment about the peaceful,
- matriarchal early agriculturalists, versus the warlike, male-dominant early
- pastorialists. If this model is correct, the question arises: Why did
- the neolithic agricultural societies last as long as they did?
- One answer is that pastorialism simply did not exist until
- several thousand years after the invention of agriculture.
- I doubt this.
-
- It is likely that the upper paleolithic cultures had distinct sub-cultures,
- based on food sources. Groups which hunted migratory animals probably
- lived like migratory indians of the North American plains. Groups which
- relied on fish, shellfish, or very fertile land were more settled.
- When the neolithic began, these existing cultural variations would
- be amplified.
-
- -dave
-
-