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- From: WVOSS@novell.com (Wes Voss)
- Subject: Alcohol in cooking doesn't cook off..
- Message-ID: <WVOSS.104.0@novell.com>
- Keywords: Alcohol
- Lines: 120
- Sender: usenet@Novell.COM (Usenet News)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: wvoss.nsd.provo.novell.com
- Organization: Novell, Inc.
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 18:03:49 GMT
-
- This was forwarded to me by a friend of mine... Thought you might find
- it interesting in light of the discussion here about whether or not
- alcohol cooks away..
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- Subject: Alcohol in Cooking
- Date: 12/18/92 Time: 8:58a
-
- This comes from an article in the San Fransisco Chronicle food section.
- This appeared about April, 1990.
-
- ALL ALCOHOL DOES NOT COOK OFF
- by Karola Saekel, Chronicle Staff Writer
-
- Nothing in the world of food and wine, it seems, goes unchallenged these days.
- The latest cherished belief to get the ax is the assumption that cooking
- with wine and spirits is as innocent as cooking with apple juice since all
- the alcohol evaporates in the cooking process.
-
- Not so, not so at all, say the latest studies. The wine, liqueur or
- spirits you add to a dish may leave anything from a trace to a pretty
- hefty shot of alcohol.
-
- In a study funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the husband and
- wife team of Evelyn A. Augustin of Washington State University and Dr.
- Jorg Augustin of the University of Idaho found that even in long, slow
- cooking (stews, pot roasts), a small amount of alcohol is retained.
-
- Even more startling was their discovery that flaming a dish does not
- literally burn off the alcohol. In fact, a serving of cherries jubilee
- may be equal to imbibing a small glass of Grand Marnier or creme de menthe.
-
- Evelyn Augustin, assistant professor of food science and human nutrition
- as WSU, points out that the recent emphasis on lighter cooking without
- heavy creams and starches has brought about an increased use of
- alcoholic beverages as a flavor agent.
-
- She says that the research on alcohol retention in food, which she
- conducted under strict laboratory conditions, was just part of a
- larger USDA-sponsored study of nutrient retention of foods in various
- cooking methods. But it is attracting a lot of attention in the
- scientific as well as food community, since it debunks long-held beliefs.
-
- In the 1986 fourth revised edition of the American Heart Association
- Cookbook, for example, this cooking hint appears: "The alcohol
- evaporates during cooking, leaving only the flavor and tenderizing
- qualities of the wine or spirits."
-
- Well, guess what, the latest research shows that anywhere from 5 to
- 85 percent of the alcohol is retained.
-
- Now, as Evelyn Augustin points out, 5 percent of the alcohol in a cup
- of Burgundy used with a three- to four-pound piece of meat in Pot
- Roast Milano, one of the six recipes tested, adds up to a paltry
- 0.2 grams of alcohol per person if eight people share this
- long-simmered (2 1/2-hour) dish.
-
- But - and that is a big but - for a small segment of the public,
- even such a small amount can be harmful.
-
- High on the list are recovering alcoholics for whom even a
- miniscule amount of alcohol could trigger a relapse. These are,
- after all, people who can't even take cough syrup and a host of
- other medications. Some people have allergies that preclude any
- consumpsion of alcohol, and there are certain antibiotics that
- could be rendered ineffective or make a person ill if combinded
- with alcohol.
-
- The worst-case scenario would involve recovering alcoholics using
- the drug Antibuse. Alcohol can make them so sick, they even avoid
- after-shave and colognes because of the small amount of alcohol
- absorbed through the skin could be harmful.
-
- In the Augustin tests, short simmering in Orange and Chicken Burgundy,
- where wine is added only the last ten minutes of cooking time, resulted
- in a 40 percent retention, or 0.6 grams of alcohol per serving. In
- this test, a 2 1/2- to 3-pound fryer cooked with 1/2 cup wine was
- served to six people.
-
- In Scalloped Oysters, where 1/4 cup sherry or dry white wine was
- poured over assembled ingredients (1 pint oysters, 2 slices bread,
- 1/4 cup each butter and Parmesan) after which the dish was baked
- at 375 for 25 minutes, each of the four diners consumed 1 gram of
- alcohol (retention rate, 45 percent).
-
- Dishes using distilled spirits had a significantly higher retension
- rate than those using wine. And preparations in which the alcoholic
- bevrage was not subjected to direct heat had, predictably,
- higher rates again.
-
- Brandy Alexander Pie made with brandy and creame de cacao that were
- not subjected to heat (although the finished pie was refrigerated,
- uncovered, 16 hours), had a 75 percent retention rate (3 grams when
- pie was cut into six wedges). The ante climbed to 85 percent in
- Grand Marnier Sauce where liqueur was added after cooking. The
- rate was 75 percent in Cherries Jubilee, flamed without stirring
- (which would tend to extinguish the flame faster and thus retain
- even more alcohol).
-
- While these findings may startle most cooks, people dealing with
- alcoholism have long taken a cautious approach. While some consider
- trace amounts of alcohol in food insignificant, most take it seriously.
- Local restauranteur/chefs Frank and Donna Katzi of Cafe for All
- Seasons, both recovering alcoholics, instruct waiters to discreetly
- call it to customers' attention if a dish contains alcohol.
- Their advice to restaurant diners is, ask if you have the slightest
- suspicion that a dish might contain alcohol.
-
- This approach is also recommended by Richard Haines of the St. Mary's
- Chemical Dependency Recovery Center here, who says staffers tell
- recovering alcoholics to stay away from alcohol in any shape or form.
- Even imitation alcohol flavors are a no-no, he says. Just getting
- the taste sensation might bring back a taste for the real stuff.
- Wes
-
- --------------------------------------------------
- Wes Voss
- Internet: wvoss@novell.com
- Standard Disclaimer: Yeah, these are my opinions,
- and no one elses... You know the rest...
- --------------------------------------------------
-