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- From: kirk@hpcc01.corp.hp.com (Kirk Lindstrom)
- Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 17:14:50 GMT
- Subject: Re: Why so much power?
- Message-ID: <26130132@hpcc01.corp.hp.com>
- Organization: Shredding the water of SF Bay, HP-OCD
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!sdd.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcc05!hpcc01!kirk
- Newsgroups: rec.audio.car
- References: <1992Dec22.194940.27109@csc.ti.com>
- Lines: 161
-
- >Joshua R. Poulson
- >|> (Alan Jones) writes:
- >|>Anyway, why do cars require so much power to produce quality music?
- >|>Most good systems seem to include hundreds of watts of amplifier power.
- >|>My home system has only 45 watts, and it's so loud I never turn it up
- >|>past 50%. The area inside a car is so small - I'd expect that you
- >|>wouldn't need much power to fill it with quality music. What's the
- >|>deal?
- >
- >Ah, yes. The perennial question. At any rate the answer is difficult to
- >express without demonstration... but it revolves around two important
- >points: realism, and dynamic range.
- >
- Addressing the home system first, with 45 WPC, it is most likely distorting
- quite a bit and distortion sounds MUCH louder than clean music. If you excuse
- the EE terms, the power-spectral-density of an undistorted signal looks like
- this on a spectrum analyzer:
-
- Clean 1kHz signal a 10W on a system with SNR=100dB and .01% THD
- (most car amps have 80-100db SNRs)
-
- 40 (=100W)
-
- 20 ^
- |
- 0 dbW (=1W)|
- |
- -20 |
- |
- -40 |
- |
- -60 | ^
- | ^ | ^ ^
- -80 | | | | | ^
- -----------------------------------
- .1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 kHz
-
- Note that the distortion products are 80dB down and so you don't
- really hear them unless you have a "golden ear" in a very quiet room
- or a van at rest camping. 8-)
- ===================================================================
-
- Now, a Badly Distorted 1kHz signal a 100W (say with a 45 Watt rated amp):
-
- 40 ^
- | ^
- 20 | ^ | ^
- | | | ^ | ^
- 0 dbW | | | | | ^ | ^
- | | | | | | | | ^
- -20 | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | |
- -40 | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | |
- -60 | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | | ...and on at sin(s)/s decay
- -80 | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | |
- -100 | | | | | | | | |
- ------------------------------------------------
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 kHz
-
- What I've shown is a 1kHz signal overdriving an amplifier such that it
- is trying to put out a sine wave, but is really putting out more of a
- square wave. I have many CDs that I listen to at home and have measured
- 0.001 (-60dbW) WPC avg power at listening levels and then draws 125 WPC
- for short bursts (say the 1812 Overture cannon shot, Bolero, Telarc Time
- Warp, ...) This music is requiring dynamic range of my system of
- 20log(125/1)-20log(.001)= 102 dB! Note that I can hear amplifier noise
- during the very quiet sections with my ear next to the speaker.
-
- Of course, most music isn't this demanding, but can still require 60-80 db
- dynamic range. With clean, undistorted power, the big sound peaks aren't
- that dangerous to you hearing, but the distorted ones are since it is
- easy to get 10 times (20db) more power than you should get since the
- distortion products fall-off at a slow rate with frequency - sin(s)/s.
- These distortion products are what fries tweeters!
-
- I've been told that rock bands that want to sound "LOUD" set-up their
- amps to distort. As a consequence, there is a problem with many rock
- musicians going deaf. (From a good friend that is a professional bass
- player that plays in the SF Bay Area with Ray Charles and others - Ray
- Charles headlines - his band is the "other act").
-
- >When you go to a concert that is properly set-up, you find yourself the
- >focus of thousands of watts of musical power and you can hear each note
- >in the magajoules of energy directed at those delicate bones in your ear.
- >The reason for so much power there is to give everyone the benefit of
- >hearing the slightest noise in the band's performance... the nuances...
- >the individual sounds.
- >
- Why do most sane people wear ear-plugs at rock concerts if this is true?
- Is it because most aren't "properly set up?"
-
- Also, most of the live recordings I've listened to have MUCH less dynamic
- range than a good studio recording or live classical recording of unamplified
- music. My impression is that rock concerts rely more on sensory overload
- and the fun of "being there" rather than providing quality music. (I haven't
- been to that many as I didn't enjoy the music and worry about my hearing).
-
- >When you attend a concert like an unpowered orchestra there is still
- >a massive amount of amplification by the very design of the hall, and
-
- I don't think halls amplify since they don't add energy. They do a nice
- job of focusing what energy is there though.
-
- >again there are many sources of music and you shouldn't wonder that they
- >all sweat. (It ain't just because of the tuxedos).
- >
- 8-)
-
- >At home, it takes less power to give hints to this dynamic range, but the
- >truly incredible sound setups in the home are again megawatt extravaganzas.
- >My personal setup features 1200 watts of power... The neighbors seldom
- >complain if I invite them over for movie nights.
- >
- Same here with about the same amount of power.
-
- >In the car, a lot of energy is lost because of poor speaker placement, the
- >materials in the car damping the sound and several other factors. The
- >reason my car is running at a rated 770 watts is for the dynamics. Kick
- >drums sound like kick drums. Guitars with distortion don't get extra
- >distortion from nasty speakers and overdriven amplifiers, and the concerts
- >in my car do a fair job of approximating the concert experience.
- >
- What speaker efficiencies are you running? My MB Quarts are pretty low,
- but they seem to go from ear-splitting levels at 80 WPC-peak to low noise
- levels (1-10mW?? maybe). I'm running rf460sd which is 30WPC with pk power
- of 80 WPC (at least on the graph they supplied). It seems to handle all but
- the very most demanding music (Telarc Time Warp, for one). Is the 770 total
- watts peak? If so then you have 20log(770/320) or another 7.6 db headroom
- which is quit a bit - can it handle TimeWarp?
-
- >No one's car or home system can approximate the real thing (not until the
- >recording industry goes up a few notches, and the rest of the audio
- >industry follows their lead) but you can get closer with a lot of power
- >and signal processing.
- >
- I actually enjoy home and auto sound more since I can turn it down!
-
- >Dynamic range: the difference between the quietest and loudest discernible
- >sounds on playback.
- >
- and this only matters when you aren't driving, just listening!
-
- >Realism: Does it sound like it did when the band recorded it?
- >
- >--
- >Joshua R. Poulson, Systems Programmer, Computing Services, Widener University
- >jrp@cyber.Widener.EDU, jrp@netman.Widener.EDU, poulson@cs.Widener.EDU, et al.
- >----------
- Kirk out
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | Kirk Lindstrom - OCD Product R & D | Hewlett-Packard Co. M/S: 91UA |
- | Engineer/Scientist, Hardware | |
- |------------------------------------| Optical Communication Division |
- | kirk_lindstrom@sj.hp.com | |
- | Kirk Lindstrom / HP0100/UX | 370 W. Trimble Rd. |
- | ph 408 435 6404 | fax 408 435 6286 | San Jose, CA 95131-1096 |
- +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
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