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- From: hyc@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov (Howard Chu)
- Subject: Re: Falcon030 Resolutions - 1 Meg not enough?
- Message-ID: <1992Dec22.005416.1893@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov>
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- Organization: SAR Systems Development & Processing, JPL
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- Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 00:54:16 GMT
- Lines: 84
-
- Hm. Let's try this from the beginning... The Falcon can display graphics in
- a number of different resolutions. It can also use a variety of devices to
- display on, e.g., SC1224, TV, or VGA monitor. There is a fundamental difference
- between a VGA monitor and a TV or SC1224 monitor, though - the VGA monitor
- scans twice as fast as either of the other two. (I'm going to just say "TV"
- from now on, since the 1224 and TV are functionally equivalent - same scan
- rate, same rez.)
-
- Ok. Let's think about how a TV operates - the US NTSC standard puts 525 scan
- lines per video frame, but only draws half of those scan lines per field. I.e.,
- the TV screen is refreshing at 60 hz, but only one half of the image is drawn
- during each refresh. One "field" consists of odd scan lines, the other field
- consists of even-numbered lines. This is just how the interlaced TV video
- works. So while you have a field rate of 60 hz, you only have complete frames
- at 30 hz. Each field consists of 262.5 scan lines. The name "interlace" arises
- because the scan lines are not drawn contiguously in each field, instead they
- are drawn with a 2:1 interleave....
-
- Of the 262.5 scan lines available in every 60 hz interval, a portion are
- pretty much invisible because they occur above or below the visible area of
- the CRT's picture tube face. The exact number available will vary from set to
- set, so computer-generated displays generally pick a conservative number of
- lines to use and center that in the 262.5 that are available. (Remember the
- 8-bit Ataris? 320x192 display, but you could alter the display list and make
- it 320x200 or 320x208 with no trouble, just by removing black lines from the
- top and bottom of the display list...) This is the principal behind "overscan".
- On the STs the number chosen was 200, even though, by tweaking the vertical
- size control on the monitor, you could easily get 250 or so scan lines drawn
- onto the screen.
-
- So anyway - with a TV, you can draw 262.5 lines 60 times a second. Or,
- using interlace, you can draw 525 lines 30 times a second.
-
- In article <1h0uavINN2tt@golem.wcc.govt.nz> wells_s@kosmos.wcc.govt.nz writes:
- >What's the difference between line-doubling & interlace anyway??
-
- As I mentioned before, the VGA standard scans twice as fast as a TV. That
- works out to something like 480 lines, 60 times per second. In order to get
- a VGA monitor to display a 200-line screen, you need to either slow down the
- VGA display, or artificially increase the scan-rate of the video data to match
- the VGA scan rate. Since VGA uses a fixed frequency (i.e., incapable of
- multisync) the Falcon uses line-doubling. That means that every scan-line of
- a 200-line image is sent out twice, at the normal VGA rate.
-
- So, in essence, interlace and line-doubling are completely opposite.
- Interlace is a technique to display more lines than are possible to display
- on a slow display device. Line-doubling is a technique to display fewer lines
- than ordinarily possible on a faster display device.
-
- Please note that this is not the same meaning as "line-doubling" applied to
- HDTV, IDTV, etc. (In which case, line-doubling means de-interlacing an
- image, to get e.g. 525 lines per screen, 60 times per second...)
- >
- >I think what Len is possibly trying to get at (correct me if I'm wrong
- >Len 8-) is this.
- >
- >is the VGA mode capable of being displayed on a normal TV/colour monitor,
- >and is this what the overscan makes possible?
-
- There are no "VGA modes." There are various resolutions, each of which can be
- displayed on a VGA or TV display (with the help of various special techniques
- like interlace or overscan).
- >
- >(e.g. the VGA 320*240*256 mode) - is this mode just the falcon
- >320*200*256 mode with overscan being used on the vertical resolution
- >to get the extra 40-pixels?
-
- The 320x240x256 resolution is displayed using line-doubling on the VGA, and
- using overscan on the TV. It is not a "VGA mode" since there is no such thing.
- >
- >So, basically - is it possible to use a normal TV or monitor (colour
- >of course) to displayer the 'normal' resolutions, AND the VGA resolutions,
- >or is a VGA monitor *required* for the VGA res's??
-
- As I've said many times before, all of the available resolutions can be
- displayed on a TV. You can't use a VGA trick (like line-doubling) on a TV,
- but then again, you don't *need* it there anyway. On the other hand, not all
- resolutions are available on the VGA. (I.e., no 640 wide true-color resolutions
- can be displayed on VGA.) [I don't feel like rehashing the reasons for that...
- }-) ]
- --
- -- Howard Chu @ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
-
- All true wisdom is conveyed in one-line witticisms.
-