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- Path: sparky!uunet!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!ames!olivea!spool.mu.edu!darwin.sura.net!seismo!skadi!stead
- From: stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead)
- Newsgroups: ca.earthquakes
- Subject: Re: types of earthquake predictions
- Message-ID: <51709@seismo.CSS.GOV>
- Date: 28 Dec 92 16:28:17 GMT
- References: <51678@seismo.CSS.GOV> <1hb56dINN7h@jethro.Corp.Sun.COM>
- Sender: usenet@seismo.CSS.GOV
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-
- In article <1hb56dINN7h@jethro.Corp.Sun.COM>, barroux@licancabur.Corp.Sun.COM (Juan Carlos Barroux - Technical Consultant - Latin America) writes:
- > In article 51678@seismo.CSS.GOV, stead@skadi.CSS.GOV (Richard Stead) writes:
- > >
- > >The 1960 Chile quake had Mw=9.6 (Mw is an open-ended magnitude scale,
- > >Richter magnitude saturates at about 8.5 and cannot get larger). It
- > >is the biggest quake during instrumental seismology. But there is evidence
- > >it may well be the largest quake in several centuries. It broke a fault
- > >area 800 km long and 200 km wide, and the sides slipped about 20 meters.
- > >Hard to beat that for size. It was so big it made the earth wobble measurably,
- > >and the rang like a bell for weeks.
- >
- > I just went back from a trip to Chile and some friends told me that
- > they are expecting another earthquake on the same fault as the 1960
- > one. They told me that only the lower portion of the fault did fracture
- > and not the upper part. They also are worried about a quake in the
- > north part of the country, near the frontier with Peru.
-
- The fault is the subduction zone that extends along the entire west coast
- of South and Central America. Chile gets the worst of it, however. Chile
- has the distinction of experiencing more great earthquakes (M>8.5) than any
- other nation in the world.
-
- The same area that broke in 1960 also broke in 1575, 1737 and 1837. Thus,
- it is only a little more than 100 years between quakes, as with the rest
- of the subduction zone along Chile. The segment immediately to the North
- broke in 1939. The 1939 segment also broke in 1570, 1657, 1751 and 1835.
- Just north of that, the next segment broke in 1647, 1730, 1822 and 1906.
- Continuing north, the next segment broke in 1604, 1868, 1922 and 1943.
-
- latitude Geography last quake
- 18 Peru-Chile border
- 24 Antofagasta
- | 1943
- 30
- | 1906 (1928?)
- 33 Valparaiso, Santiago
- | 1939
- 37 Concepcion
- | 1960
- 45 Archipelago de los Chonos
- 54 Cape Horn
-
- So you can see, if 100 years is typical between quakes on any segment of
- the zone along Chile, then the segment most at risk currently is the segment
- near Valparaiso and Santiago, which last broke in 1906 (There was an M 8.0
- quake in 1928, but it was probably too small). The other segments
- are much less at risk, particularly the 1960 segment. However, Chile's
- densest population is in the vicinity of Valparaiso and Santiago, so this
- is a significant hazard. The population in the vicinity of the 1960 quake
- is much smaller. I did not mention quakes south of 45 degrees south latitude,
- because that is where the Chile Rise, a major tectonic feature, intersects
- the subduction zone. Seismic activity is very low south of 45 degrees (and
- population is very small). North of 24 degrees, the seismic history is
- less well-known, and seismic activity is apparently somewhat less.
-
- Some more information on the 1960 quake:
- It killed 2000 people (loss of life was small due to small population).
- It caused $550 million in damage in Chile (1960 dollars). The tsunami
- caused $125 million in damage at coasts throughout the Pacific (Primarily
- Japan, Hawaii and Phillipines), and killed 230 people. Virtually every
- great Chilean quake is associated with a very destructive tsunami.
- The quake was preceded by large foreshocks starting 33 hours before the
- main event (at Concepcion). The most lethal quake in Chile history was
- the 1939 quake which killed 28000.
-
-
- --
- Richard Stead
- Center for Seismic Studies
- Arlington, VA
- stead@seismo.css.gov
-